Great Britain: izithombe, umlando, ifulege, amaholide, idolobha kanye izwe, abantu abakhulu, impi enkulu kakhulu emlandweni waseBrithani

Great Britain - inguqulo Russian kwegama-United Kingdom. Izwe ikhona iziqhingi ezimbili, nakuba abelana yesibili Ireland. Lezi ziqhingi zilapho kuze enyakatho-ntshonalanga ye Ezwekazini laseYurophu.

uMbuso wakwaIsrayeli wanamuhla

Great Britain, izithombe zazo okwethulwa kulesi sihloko, ke ingenye uthi elikhulu kunawo wonke eYurophu. It has a esihlalweni unomphela kwi-UN Security Council libhekisela amandla enuzi.

Ehlanganisa isimo yesimanje lamazwe ezine, nakuba kukhona kudivayisi ebumbeneko. Capital - edolobheni elingasenyakatho yeLondon, okuyinto ingenye izikhungo elikhulu yohwebo emhlabeni futhi ezezimali. Waqaphela njengoba esemthethweni ngolimi lwesiNgisi, kodwa abantu bakhuluma imixhantela eminingi.

indaba

Uhlalwe abantu yohlobo wanamuhla isiqhingi saqala iminyaka eyinkulungwane 30 edlule. It ngiyibamba amagagasi. Babehlala ikakhulu AbaseBrithani futhi Gaels, naye owayekulelo isiko AmaCeltic.

Kusukela BC ekhulwini lokuqala Rome waqala ukunqoba izwe, owabusa engxenyeni eseningizimu ye-island eminyakeni engaba ngu-400. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ayehlasela izifiki isiJalimane Saxon. Kuyinto nokwenziwa zabo kancane kancane AmaCeltic kanye nokumiswa koMbuso of England. Ingxenye AbaseBrithani bazinza endaweni manje ebizwa ngokuthi Wales. Gaels wadala umbuso Picts Scottish.

Ngo-1066 waqala Norman ayehlasela England. Kwaletha feudalism French namasiko. Nakuba ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abantu Norman-French kufakwe ne bendawo. England ashaqe Wales neScotland sizame ukuba liyobamba. England nawo ahlanganyela kulokhu wokulwela ifa kwamazwe abalulekile yeFrance. It idedelwa neMpi a Eminyakeni Eyikhulu '.

NgeNkathi Ephakathi Wales wajoyina ngokugcwele eNgilandi nase-Ireland naye e umfelandawonye. Embusweni kakhulu ukwanda kwezindawo imibono kuqala inkathi yeziNguquko esontweni, futhi umphumela waba ukuthi kwamiswa iSonto LaseSheshi ne nkosi ngasekhanda.

Lapho uJakobe Okokuqala inyunyana obakhiwa Scotland, Ireland. Amazwe silondoloze ahlukene wezombangazwe. Senzeka ngenxa eminye ngentuthuko Revolution Glorious (1688), neGreat Britain baba amakhosi ohlanga eyakhelwe ngaphezu komthethosisekelo.

Ngekhulu le-18 e isimo izinguquko kwezezimboni, okuyinto kwaba nomphumela omuhle ku ukukhula kwalo mbuso. Ukuthuthukiswa mass amakoloni, ikakhulukazi eNyakatho Melika, futhi kamuva e-Asia, e-Afrika kanye Pacific Islands.

Ekhulwini le-19 uMbuso amandla main kwezomnotho kanye asolwandle emhlabeni. Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba phakathi nekhulu le-20.

Ngo kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, uMbuso sizana Russia nase France. On the Western Front walwa abahlaseli German ezigidini 5 abakhileyo esiqhingini. Ngemva kokunqoba empini Kingdom wathola zamazwe ayengaphansi isiJalimane WaseTurkey. Lokhu kwenza ukuba lo mbuso ukuba zifinyelele ukuphelela ngezinga eyaqopha. Wakwemboza amandla wakhe owodwa okwesihlanu kwezwe. Kodwa ngo-1921 esiqhingini Ireland empeleni ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili - Khulula Ireland naseNyakatho Ireland.

Ukuze imfuhlumfuhlu ngaphezulu okubangelwa Yokuwohloka Okukhulu 1929-1932 sika. Lokhu kwalandelwa seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Kingdom usebenze njengomahluleli sizana France, i-Russia, e-United States. Ukulwisana eJalimane uye wagxila ezimpini ezimbili - yaseBrithani, i-Atlantic. Ukunqoba alethwe UK iqhaza division zomhlaba lwangemva kwempi, kanye nesimo esinzima kwezezimali. Msize ukuba US kanye loans Canadian. Wabe eseqala sokubuyiselwa futhi ukuqhubeka isimo.

History of the flag

Ngaphambi kokuba abe iyafana namuhla, ifulegi Enkulu YaseBrithani ifikile ibanga elide lenguquko. Lolu phawu kahle kwemandla embuso bayaziwa kuwo wonke umhlaba, isetshenziswa izingubo ukuklama, ubungcweti nezobuciko. Ngokusemthethweni, ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi "Yunion Dzhek", okusho ukuthi "sobunye."

Isikimu ikuvumela ukuba ubone yonke indlela ushintsho kusukela 1603, lapho uJakobe wafika amandla kuqala. Ekuqaleni, lalisetshenziswa Navy, ngakho igama "Jack", okwakusho ifulegi umnsalo emkhunjini.

Ifulege siqukethe le izingxenye ezilandelayo:

• St Andrew ifulege - kungemuva eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, saltire ezimhlophe;
• Flag of St George - kungemuva elimhlophe, esibomvu;
• Cross St. Patrick - ingemuva mhlophe, zibe bomvu saltire.

I "Yunion Dzhek" akubonisi umfanekiso Wales, yingakho ngezikhathi ezithile kukhona izingxabano phakathi Union Kingdom.

Ukuze abalekele akazange uyohlala endaweni elibusa iphaneli, basuke dengwane isikhungo kuzo zonke izindawo. Lokhu kwenza "Yunion Dzhek" quin. Ufaka upside phansi ngaphandle isizathu kubhekwa ukuthuka. inketho okunjalo kuvunyelwe isignali zokucindezeleka.

Battle kuleli zwe

Umlando isimo insimu yalo iwukuba izimpi kangako. Lokhu kungenxa ezinye eziqhingini ezicezile ezwekazini laseYurophu.

Battle Obukhulu Britain:

• ukunqoba uWilliam uMnqobi (Normandy) zikaHarold (Anglo-Saxon, ibutho) ka Hastings 14/10/1066 idolobha wavula indlela eya Norman Conquest;
• Battle of Bosworth e 1485 eduze phakathi kwamabutho Genriha Tyudora futhi uRichard III (War of the Roses 1455 ka 1485 ehambisana ne-ilungelo ngokulandelana);
• ukulwa Spanish "Armada" e-English Channel (July 1588) iphelile ngenxa ikhono ka Francis Drake sika ukunqoba eNgilandi, elaba ukhukhuva kwezilwandle;
• Battle of Marston Moore ehlobo lika-1644, lapho amabutho ka-Oliver Cromwell wanqoba amabutho uCharles the Okokuqala;
• Battle of Britain (July-Okthoba 1940) kuyinto emoyeni impi ngobukhulu, okuholele Wehrmacht elahlekile 3,000 abashayeli bezindiza futhi 1,800-Royal Air Force nabashayeli bezindiza ezingaphezu kuka 20,000 izakhamuzi siqhingi;
• Battle of the Atlantic (. September 1939-Juni ka-1944) kubhekwa impi isikhathi eside kakhulu, okuyinto kwakuxhomeke supply yokudla esiqhingini kanye supply izikhali ukuze amabutho azihlanganisa; ukumehlula amabutho aseJalimane waphendukela amazwe azihlanganisa ukufa amatilosi ayizinkulungwane 50.

Impi enkulu emlandweni waseBrithani, awazange angavalelwa endaweni engenabantu kulesi siqhingi. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke kubo kwenzeka amanzi emoyeni.

Battle in the umbuso ezibini

Njengoba yisizwe esinamandla emhlabeni, iGreat Britain waphishekela umgomo wamakoloni. Ukuze ugcine belawulwa lo ahamba ingxenye enkulu yensimu wasebenzisa amabutho mercenary, omningi walo ababengasekho aseRoma angaphandle. Phatha kubo izikhulu zaseBrithani.

Izimpi e amakoloni:

• 1781 - amasosha British sokunikela ngesikhathi Yorktown esivuna isitha Franco-American isinqumo ngomphumela American Revolutionary War.
• 1842 kwaphawulwa umcimbi ezimbi UK, lapho cishe ngaphandle kokulwa labhujiswa Elphinstone squad, ukhululeka abesifazane Kabul futhi izingane (ayizinkulungwane 16 abantu), okuvela kulo umuntu oyedwa ngasinda.
• 1858 - ukuvinjezelwa awuthumbe Delhi amabutho iBrithani namazwe awumbimbi nayo ngenxa ukucindezelwa we Sepoy Rebellion.
• 1860 - ukunqotshwa juqu amabutho Chinese ebuthweni Anglo-French e-Okokuqala Opium War, okwaholela izivumelwano Beijing.

amabutho UK abaye bahlanganyela esikhathini Eminyakeni Eyikhulu neMpi, kanye wokuQala nowesiBili Umhlaba Izimpi. Ngenxa yalokho lezi ukuhilizisana senzeka izimpi eziningi ezidumile kokubili on zwe futhi on amanzi futhi emoyeni.

Amazwe e-Commonwealth

United Kingdom, nakuba kuba inarha ebumbeneko, lisalokhu lakhiwe eziningana ngezinga elithile amayunithi akancike.

Amazwe Great Britain:

• eNgilandi;
• Wales;
• Scotland;
• Northern Ireland.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona okuthiwa Commonwealth of Nations, okubandakanya ezingaphezu kuka-50 uthi. Ngaphandle UK lezi zihlanganisa dominions yayo yangaphambili, protectorates kanye amakoloni. Elikhulu kunawo wonke kulo bayizinkulungwane Australia, Bangladesh, Canada, eNdiya, eNigeria, Pakistan kanye nabanye.

Imizi ngobukhulu

Yiqiniso, okukhulu kakhulu nokubaluleke kakhulu kwezomnotho, bezombangazwe, bezomnotho, uhlelo namasiko London. Ngaphandle kwakhe, kunezinye imizi emikhulu yaseBrithani:

• Birmingham;
• Liverpool;
• Manchester;
• Glasgow;
• Cardiff;
• Edinburgh;
• Belfast.

abaculi Omkhulu

abantu Omkhulu yaseBrithani emkhakheni kwamasiko zaziwa ngalé esiqhingini:

• U-Agata Kristi - umbhali, umbhali abaseshi;
• Dzhoan Rouling - umlobi;
• Mnumzane Shon Konneri - Umlingisi;
• Dzhon Lennon - Umculi;
• Uilyam Shekspir - umlobi wemidlalo yaseshashalazini;
• Dzheyn Ostin - umbhali;
• Viven Vestvud - Umklami;
• Mnumzane Pol Makkartni - umculi isishoshovu;
• Gerbert Uels - umbhali;
• Dzho Koker - umculi.

Lena akuyona uhlu oluphelele abamele United Kingdom, abanqoba izwe nge amakghonwabo.

mithi emikhulu umbuso

Phakathi khona isimo ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha edume kunazo England kwakuyilawa:

• UWilliam uMnqobi;
• URichard the Lionheart;
• Henry the Eighth;
• U-Elizabeth I,
• Victoria;
• George Sesithupha;
• Elizabeth II.

Great Britain enwetshiwe ukubusa yayo emhlabeni wonke. Commonwealth yesimanje of Nations namanje ibona Korolevoy yakhe Elizavetu II.

Umndeni elibusayo zoMbuso

Monarch yanamuhla kummeleli Windsor lwamakhosi. Ngu-Elizabeth II waqala ukubusa ngo-1952. Uneziqu amadodana amathathu, indodakazi, abazukulu ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu babazukulu.

History of the Great Britain ngoba abantu besikhathi eziningi kakhulu ukukholelwa ngaphandle asebukhosini. The Queen yena sekuwuphawu isimo.

inqubomgomo Kingdom Omkhulu

Isimo osekunesikhathi njengoba amakhosi ohlanga ePhalamende. amandla Royal kukhawulwe kwePhalamende bicameral. Iningi amandla ingeyona asebukhosini, futhi inhloko kahulumeni (undunankulu).

IGreat Britain, izithombe zazo ethulwa kule material, emlandweni waso, liye landa eziningi osopolitiki abadumile. Laba bameleli be-ezinethonya kunazo uhulumeni:

• UWinston Churchill;
• UMargaret Thatcher;
• UDavid Cameron;
• Uilyam Uilberfors;
• Toni Bler;
• Ketrin Eshitoni;
• U-Oliver Cromwell;
• William Gladson;
• UNeville Chamberlain;
• Benjamin Disraeli.

Amaholide Great Britain

Uhlu ngamaholide ezinkulu kanye nemikhosi unyaka wonke:

1 Januwari - New Year Eve (usuku off). Pompously kugujwa ngaphezulu Scotland kuka eNgilandi naseWales. Kukhona isiko isivakashi lokuqala, lapho kungcono ukuba indlu ngemva 24,00 wangena uyinsizwa izinwele ezimnyama. Kwakuyisiko ukunikela ngesinkwa, ingcosana usawoti, amalahle, okuyinto ukukhonza njengoba iwuphawu ukudla kahle, ukufudumala. EScotland, ngoba etafuleni samaholide wanquma ukupheka haggis abadumile.

Januwari 12 - umkhosi Celtic isiko. Edlula e Glasgow, ubude bayo izinsuku ezingu 19. Buciko abaculi abavela emazweni ehlukene.

25 Januwari - Usuku URobert Burns. ngeholide kazwelonke eScotland, lapho wazalwa odumile. Chitha iholide njengoba dinner simo ekhethekile. Ngethemu izinkondlo umsindo, amaculo. Kusukela ikhabethe uthola zokulingisa futhi bonke imidanso ukudansa abantu.

Januwari 27 - eScotland ukugubha Aphellio iholide, elifanekisela Viking kokwehla osogwini olusenyakatho British wangekhulu lesi-9. Dala imodeli ongokoqobo womkhumbi wamaViking, zonke bagqoke up in zokubhukuda zomlando ngokunyenya phakathi komuzi emkhunjini ulwandle. Viking boat ku amanzi eshile, wawuphonsa e 900 izimbaqa.

Mashi 1 - Usuku St kaDavide. Izinkundla okwenzeka Wales ngesimo festival kwamasiko futhi abonisa ukushisekela izwe.
Ngo-March 17 - I-St Patrick Day Irish Festival, ebanjwa in a idunyiswe tembatfo, ephelezelwa zethusi bands. Ngalolu suku, yoke into ihlaza, kuhlanganise ubhiya, nezambatho okuyingcosana.

April 14 - yaminyaka yonke London Marathon Floral, okuyinto ingxenye esiza abantulayo nge ezihlukahlukene zokuzijabulisa emgwaqweni futhi ukusebenza.

Apreli 21 - usuku lokuzalwa uQueen Elizabeth II.

1 Meyi - Festival kagavini e-United Kingdom.

4 Meyi - Mey Dey, imikhosi kanye nezindwendwe emgwaqweni.

25 Meyi - Spring Day e-UK (iholide kazwelonke). Ngalolu suku, zonke izitaladi embozwe izimbali, aphethwe izindwendwe Costumed.

Juni 1 - i-Wimbledon Tennis Tournament.

Okthoba 31 - Halloween.

Disemba 25 - Christmas.

26 Disemba - Boxing Day. It is Kunikezelwa St kukaStefanu. Esikhathini amasonto ngaleso sikhathi base ezanyatheliswa amabhokisi ngeminikelo, nasemakhaya zezinceku ukuya ekhaya ngoba ukudla kwakusihlwa nomkhaya wakhe.

Kukhona amaholide eziningi akudingeki izinsuku ezihleliwe. ULwesihlanu oNgcwele ngeholide - iyona ngoLwesihlanu ngaphambi yiSonto lePhasika. Lokhu kulandelwa iSonto Easter.

UK amaholide kuhlobene ne emlandweni walesi siqhingi. Bavumela wena lokumba isiko British, funda nabo ecaleni engavamile.