Battle of Poltava ngokufingqiwe into ebaluleke kakhulu

Kuwo wonke Northern neMpi awazange alwe obaluleke ngaphezu Battle of Poltava. Kafushane, ekugcineni washintsha inkambo umkhankaso. Sweden nokubi futhi kwadingeka ukuba athambise isandla imizamo waseRussia.

Imicimbi ngosuku olwandulela

Peter isiqale alwe Sweden ukuze athole ukusizakala phezu aseBaltic ogwini. Ngo amaphupho akhe, Russia yayinamandla kakhulu zasolwandle. It Baltic isibe inkundla eyinhloko yempi. Ngo 1700, ibutho Russian, okuyinto usanda kuqalile ukuzwa guqula walahlekelwa impi ye Narva. Inkosi Karl XII esetshenziswa impumelelo kwakhe ukuthatha esinye isitha sakhe - le nkosi Polish II Agasti, ezasekela uPetru ekuqaleni ingxabano.

Kuze kube manje, amabutho main Swedish zazingakapheli kuya entshonalanga, Tsar Russian waphenduka umnotho wezwe yakhe nokuwumisa impi. Kuye ngesikhathi esifushane wakwazi ukwakha ibutho elisha. It is a yesimanje, wafunda e-European ngendlela ibutho osingathe imisebenzi eminingana yimpumelelo emazweni aseBaltic, kufaka phakathi Courland kanye loMfula iNeva. Ngesikhathi esizalweni somfula, uPetru wasungula port kanye capital imperial esizayo Petersburg.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi uKarl XII Ukudabuka inkosi yasePoland, wamkhipha yempi. Uma engekho, ibutho Russian anazo isiqeshana eside zensimu Swedish, kodwa namanje wayengenayo ukulwa impi esemqoka lesitha. Carl, befuna ashaye buhlungu yingozi isitha, wanquma ukuya nqo Russia, lapho azuza ukunqoba juqu ukushayisana eside. Yingakho kwakukhona izinhlu zempi zakwa-Poltava. Kafushane, indawo impi ikude phambi isikhundla wangaphambili. Karl iyiswe eningizimu - e asemaqeleni Ukraine.

ukukhashelwa Mazepa sika

Ngobusuku obandulela impi ewumnqamula-juqu uPetru wafunda ukuthi Hetman Cossacks Ivan Mazepa eyeke uCharles XII. Wethembisa ukusiza inkosi yakwa-Sweden in inani ayizinkulungwane eziningana abakhwele amahhashi oqeqeshwe kahle. Ukukhaphela kwaholela yinkosi Russian wagan 'unwabu. Amasosha impi yakhe waqala ukuvimbezela awuthumbe amadolobha Cossack e-Ukraine. Naphezu ukukhashelwa Mazepa, we Cossacks bahlala bethembekile Russia. Lezi Cossacks wakhetha hetman entsha Ivan Skoropadsky.

Mazepa usizo ukuthi babedinga ukuba Charles XII. Umbusi nebutho lakhe osenyakatho babeye ikude endaweni yawo. Ibutho kwadingeka baqhubeke uhambo kwethu izimo engavamile. Cossacks bendawo basiza izikhali hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi navigation, kanye nokudla. isimo esintengayo bendawo yahola uPetru ukulahla ukusetshenziswa izinsalela of Cossacks abaqotho. Okwamanje wasondela Battle of Poltava. Kafushane ukuhlola isikhundla sabo, uKarl XII isinqumo ukuvimbezela nobaluleke Ukraine. Wayenethemba lokuthi uma amaJuda Poltava ngokushesha unikela enduneni yakhe enkulu, kodwa akwenzekanga lokho.

Ukuvinjezelwa Poltava

Phakathi entwasahlobo ekuseni ehlobo lika 1709 babe abaseSweden at Poltava, akusizi ngalutho ukuzama ukuthatha ke isivunguvungu. Izazimlando ziye abalwa 20 imizamo enjalo, okuyinto abulala amasosha mayelana 7000. Amancane isikaniso Russian wayelokhu ethemba ukuthola usizo wasebukhosini. Ukugqashuka ukuthatha forays asenzile okuyinto abaseSweden babengawulungele ngenxa yokuthi akukho umcabango omunye onjalo ukumelana abanolaka.

The main ibutho Russian iphansi kwesandla sika-uPitrosi weza edolobheni ngoJuni 4. Ekuqaleni Inkosi ayizange ufuna "Jikelele Battle" nebutho Charles sika. Nokho, umkhankaso kokuqina ne inyanga ngayinye sasingaphansi nzima. Kuphela decisive ahlula bangasiza Russia bahlanganise zonke izinzuzo zakho ezibaluleke esifundeni iBaltic. Ekugcineni, ngemva eziningana Imikhandlu sokulwa eseduze Petru wanquma impi eyaba Battle of Poltava. Dlala futhi esheshayo sokulungiselela kwaba imprudent kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ibutho Russian izinsuku ezimbalwa bahlangana ukusekelwa. Ekugcineni bajoyine Cossacks Skoropadsky. Inkosi Nani nathembela Kalmyk squad, kodwa akazange abe nesikhathi ukuya Poltava.

Phakathi Russian futhi ibutho isiSwidi kwaba umfula Vorskla. Ngenxa sezulu engazinzile, uPetru wayala ukuwela mfula eningizimu Poltava. Lokhu iqhinga kwaba isixazululo yimpumelelo - abaseSweden babengawulungele yilokhu kushintsha kwezinto, elinde Russian endaweni ehluke kakhulu imisebenzi.

Karl ayesengayigcina ebuyisa singayeki impi ewumnqamula-juqu, lapho, yiMpi Poltava. Incazelo emfushane ibutho Russian, okuyinto aluthola defector, wanika Swedish ojenene nethemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Inkosi ayizange ulinde usizo kombusi Turkish, lowo owayethembisile ukuba amnike squad umsizi. Kodwa phakathi nazo zonke lezi zimo abathintekayo umlingisi eliqhakazile Charles XII. Okugqamile futhi namanje nkosi osemusha wanquma ukulwa.

amabutho isimo

Juni 27, 1709 (July 8 , New Style) senzeka Battle of Poltava. Kafushane into ebaluleke kakhulu kwakuyisimo isu abakhulu ubukhulu amabutho azo. Carl has amadoda ayizinkulungwane 26, kuyilapho uPetru ongumKristu waba bokuphakama zezinombolo (37 ayizinkulungwane). Inkosi uye wakwenza ngokusebenzisa ukuzikhandla kwabo bonke khandlu of state. umnotho waseRussia eminyakeni embalwa ifikile ibanga elide kusukela umnotho nezokulima a ukukhiqizwa yezimboni zanamuhla (ngesikhathi). kwaqhuma Sakaza, uthenge nezibhamu angaphandle, amasosha aqala ukuqeqeshwa wezempi on imodeli European.

Okumangalisayo kwakuwukuthi ababusi baleli zwe bakhipha ezimbili ngokwabo ngqo enkundleni yempi wayala ngamabandla abo. Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi ezikhathini zanamuhla, lo msebenzi wayiswa ojenene, kodwa uPetru noCarl base okuhlukile.

Inkambo impi

Impi waqala neqiniso ukuthi vanguard Swedish ihlelwe Esigamekweni sokuqala phezu redoubts Russian. Lokhu iqhinga wazibonakalisa iphutha zamasu. Amashalofu, bayeka inhlabaluhide yakhe, abangu abakhwele amahhashi wanqoba, elaliholwa Alexander Menshikov.

Ngemva kwalokhu fiasco impi ukuthatha ibutho main. Ukuchitheka mutual elihamba amahora ambalwa ayikwazanga ukunquma winner. Ukuhlaselwa juqu kwaba ngiqiniseka ukuthi abakhwele amahhashi Russian phezu ezinhlangothini. Yena ochotshoziwe elihamba isitha futhi wasiza ukubeka khama phezu regiments Swedish maphakathi.

Imiphumela

ukubaluleka Omkhulu we Poltava Battle (chaza kafushane kube nzima ngempela) walala yokuthi ngemva kokunqotshwa kwakhe ekugcineni Sweden elahlekile isinyathelo amasu ku neMpi Northern. Zonke eminye umkhankaso (ingxabano eyathatha iminyaka engu-12) kwaphawulwa Russian bokuphakama lempi.

Okubalulekile kwaba umphumela kokuziphatha Battle of Poltava, chaza kafushane ukuthi singobani ngizame. Izindaba of the kokunqotshwa kwe-kuze kube manje esinganqobeki ibutho IsiSwidi kwaholela ukwethusa, Sweden hhayi kuphela, kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, lapho Russia ekugcineni zaqala ibukeke ibutho sina lempi.