Diamonds Jikelele (grishin-Almazov Alexei): Umlando. Army laseSiberia. ukunyakaza mhlophe

U-Aleksey Nikolaevich Almazov wazalwa Novemba 24, 1880 ku Tambov umndeni esihle. Uyise wayengumGreki isikhulu (nonobhala Collegiate). Ngokuphambene lokhu Ngokwesibonelo, indodana wethu sanquma ukunikezela ukuphila wakubo ebuthweni. Waqala ukufunda ngesikhathi Voronezh-Mikhailovsky ubusosha Corps ke iziqu Mikhailovsky wezikhali School ngo-1902. Sonke lesi sikhathi uye ongakabi kwenzeka, Diamonds Jikelele egqoka igama lakhe langempela grishin.

Russian-Japanese impi

Isiphathiswa abasha awuzange elahlekile kusukela kokuthola isikhulu isikhundla. Ngo-1904, impi Russian-Japanese. Alexei grishin kwaba enkonzweni e Manchuria. Okusemqoka kakhulu emkhankasweni Japanese ngoba kwaba nempi ye-Liaoyang (Agasti 24 - Septhemba 3, 1904).

amabutho Russian wazama akhulule abantu ePort Arthur, kodwa ngemva yokwehluleka kwakhe azivikele. Liaoyang ngazo ehlaselwa ibutho Japanese. Alexei grishin wayephakathi Bakwethu ezingaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane, baye baqala indlela lesitha. impi Bloody kwaholela ukulahlekelwa esindayo nhlangothi zombili, kodwa Russian ekugcineni kwadingeka ukuba ashona.

On the izimpi Yokuqala Umhlaba

Ngemva kokuphela kwempi Russian-Japanese, Ngokuzayo iWhite Guard Jikelele wahlala phezu imingcele esisempumalanga yezwe. Iminyaka eyisithupha, yena wakhonza Amur Military District futhi waqondisa ukuqeqeshwa kwesimo endaweni ithimba poring phezu lase-Amur Isifunda kanye Ussuri esifundeni.

Olwaqala ngo-1914 IMpi Yezwe Yokuqala ephoqeleka ukuba ashiye izindlela Grishina babe endaweni ngaye ekhaya. Ekuqaleni, walungiselela ngesixhumanisi 5th laseSiberia Army Corps futhi kwaba iphini lomlawuli wempi kumlawuli yalesi uxhumano omkhulu. Ngo-April 1915 Grishina wenza noma esilingana nesakhe. Isikhathi sesifikile ukuba ayale ibhethri kanye wezikhali Ibutho. Isiphathiswa abathintekayo ekusebenzeni ukuzivikela futhi zihlasela. Uye wathola imiklomelo eminingi kanye neticu, kuhlanganise George Cross, okuyinto waklonyeliswa enduneni emva isicelo amasosha ayo.

1917 th

Ngu revolution kakade grishin-Almazov Alexei kwaba isikhulu sombutho wezempi. Ngesikhathi le Yesikhashana Uhulumeni, wayilondoloza oxhumana nabo Socialist-mbuso (nakuba akazibandakanyi party) futhi waphikiswa obala amaBolshevik. Ngemva Okthoba Revolution, isikhulu ukukhunjuzwa isikhundla sakhe - waxoshwa ibutho.

ukunyakaza White uthethe zaba izigaba zalo owaketulwa Grishina. Ekuqaleni wayesemathuneni Zinikele Army, kuyilapho Jikelele Mikhail Alekseev angizange ngimthume eSiberia ngoba inhlangano komhlaba imisebenzi anti-kwamaBolshevik. Isiphathiswa wayeka okufakiwe igama lakhe - manje yaziwa ngokuthi idayimane.

Esikhathini komhlaba

Entwasahlobo ka-1918, uJenene wawa Diamonds e West laseSiberia Commissariat we Yesikhashana Uhulumeni owema ekuqaleni kwazo ekomkhulu lamabutho. Emasontweni umsebenzi komhlaba isungule isethi amangqamuzana amhlophe emadolobheni ahlukahlukene kusuka Kansk ukuze Omsk. Bekanye Almazov eSiberia uhambo Socialist Revolutionary Pavel Mikhailov, ubani kuze kube yileso sikhathi wakhethwa ukuncibilikisa ababamele LoMhlangano.

inhlangano La maphoyisa 'kuqhathaniswa amaBolshevik, babehlangene angawodwa nabangenabani. Diamonds Jikelele wenze uxhumano nokubambisana phakathi kwazo. Ingxenye enzima kakhulu lo msebenzi ukuze uthole iphuzu ebucayini kwezombangazwe nakwezempi umbono: bebonke ukusekela ukunyakaza komhlaba, okuyinto igunya ukulalela. Endaweni ethile ngemuva, kodwa endaweni ethile ukunikela, Almazov ephethwe zenze le ngokuvamile kuqhathaniswa nezinye yengqamuzana ngayinye. Sonke lesi sikhathi amaBolshevik bamfuna, kodwa njengoba awazamanga yokuzingela, uthwebule isisebenzi komhlaba kuhlulekile. Noma nini abokhominitjhara waqhubeka umzila wakhe, waphunyuka KGB.

Ehola ibutho eSiberia

Ngo-1918, zonke ukunyakaza White eSiberia, olulindele isignali ukuqala lapho mizamo anti-kwamaBolshevik inkulumo? Umfutho kwakuyizwi ukuvukela kwezinceku eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia Corps. Lapho ufunda igunya lakhe, Jikelele grishin-Almazov wakhipha umyalo wokuba zonke izinhlangano komhlaba kulawulwa kuye ukuvukela amandla Soviet. 28 Meyi, 1918 isikhulu baba induna eWest laseSiberia Military District futhi wathi uyabasekela ngokuba amaCzech namaRomany. It lasungula okuhlaselayo kuzo zonke izimpi.

Ngo-June, idaliwe Yesikhashana laseSiberia Uhulumeni, kanye Commander yebutho laseSiberia waba ngaphezulu kanye noNgqongqoshe neMpi. Diamond uvele umhleli emangalisayo. Wethula ku ibutho isiyalo esiqinile ayelenzile wakhe uyithonya elinamandla uyakwazi nje kuphela kubonise ekuhlaseleni iRed Army, kodwa futhi ukuya West wedwa.

umhleli unamakhono

Ehlobo lika-1918 iphansi kwesandla sika-Almazov kwaba kakade abantu abayizinkulungwane 60. Ndawonye kanye nezabelo eyayinabantu baseCzechoslovakia ibutho usule ngokuphelele baseSiberia amaBolshevik. Manje White akulungele ukuhamba kule iVolga esifundeni, bese eza eMoscow.

Ukuzama eminye ukwandisa ubungako ibutho laso, AN grishin-Almazov unqabile kusukela ukunxenxa odlule yokuzithandela futhi waqala ukuthola ku isikhalazo ngokugcizelela imvelo ongumlimi. Ngokungafani amasosha owalwela phezu izimpi Yokuqala Umhlaba, abantu bendawo bekungenjalo kakhulu ekuthonyweni kwamaBolshevik inkulumo-ze. Ukudlula kwesikhathi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi amadayimane wathatha isixazululo esingcono kakhulu yibo bonke. Ekwindla ka-1918 laseSiberia Army liye landa ngamaphesenti abantu abayizinkulungwane 175.

ukwesula

Ngokombono zezombusazwe umbono, Diamonds ezahlala monarchist kanye umsekeli igunya namandla eyodwa. Kukhona amacala lapho ngomyalo yakhe ebuthweni wenza ingoma "Nkulunkulu Londoloza Tsar!", Nakuba imizamo efana babe ukuziphatha okubi. Uhulumeni ngokuvamile wasala, kuyilapho babekholelwa ukuthi iziqubulo Socialist-Revolutionary sokubusa ngentando yeningi nakancane empini yombango idlangile nje kwenzeke. Lokhu kubuka kakhulu abathandanga izikhonzi futhi Samara Komuch.

Diamonds Jikelele kwaba ingxenye White ukunyakaza, okuyinto ayikuthandi ukuphazamiseka umbimbi ngabafokazi impi yombango e-Russia. Akazange abe manqikanqika phikisana inxusa laseBrithani, okubonisa ukuthi akadingi usizo leBritain. Alexei kwakuhluke kakhulu ozakwabo uhulumeni. ukungqubuzana wakhe nabanye ongqongqoshe kwaholela ukwesula Jikelele, eyaqala ngo-September 5, 1918.

Unkosikazi Alexey Almazov

Ukungabethembi Social Abavukeli wenza Almazov bahambe eSiberia futhi azihlanganise nebutho lezempi sokuzithandela Anton Denikin, esasivutha e eningizimu yeRussia. Ngaphambi kokuba bahambe, jikelele kwesokunxele Omsk nomkakhe uMaria Alexandrovna (owazalwa Zakharov). Yena ube ngumngani Kolchaka yakhe ayithandayo casula Timirevoy wangena umbuthano engaphakathi Russian uMbusi Ophakeme.

Almazov unkosikazi wasala Omsk kuze kuhlengwe idolobha emhlophe. Maria Alexandrovna waya empumalanga esitimeleni ka Kolchak. Ekuqaleni kuka-1920, waboshwa ngo-amandla e-Irkutsk Polittsentr pro-Soviet. Almazov esejele, futhi wafakaza ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila Kolchak. Le ntombazane waba nenhlanhla - walaliswa amnestied futhi yakwazi ukuthuthela eChina, lapho iye yanyathelisa Umlando zabo. Nomlinganakhe Almazov wangabona.

Eningizimu

Ngo Ekaterinodar, lapho eseneminyaka Denikin, Alexey Almazov wathunyelwa edolobheni Romanian Iasi. Kube inkomfa owawuse iqhaza abamele amazwe Entente nezihambeli iWhite ukunyakaza. Ngezinye kwalesi senzakalo, jikelele ukufunda umbiko omkhulu ngesimo esifundeni laseSiberia.

Ekupheleni 1918, u-Alexei owayephezu lempi lase-Odessa. Ngesikhathi ehlala e-edolobheni udume ezihlukahlukene Umlando wabantu ababephila, kuhlanganise Umlando "Izinsuku Uqalekisiwe" owathola uMklomelo KaNobel Ivan Bunin. Jikelele waphinda wakwazi ukuhlela amandla amasha yezempi, futhi lokho ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuqhathaniswa amaBolshevik, futhi ngakolunye - akhishwe emzini Ukrainian isizwe.

Odessa Military Governor

Odessa-Aleksey Almazov ukukhunjulwa njengombulali ikhanda kanzima, ngokuhlaziya phansi isivinini uvela usongo amandla abo. Ngenxa yalesi, futhi phakathi amaBolshevik, futhi phakathi abamhlophe, wayegunde nedumela umashiqela. Yayibizwa ngomuntu owenza futhi eqhathaniswa Napoleon nabafuna izikhundla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, idayimane ngokwalo wabonisa ngokunamandla ubuqotho babo umkhuzi induna Zinikele Army of Denikin.

Sinzima ikhanda umbusi wamabutho wafikelwa hhayi kuphela amaBolshevik, kodwa futhi nezigebengu, ababe eziningi ikakhulukazi echwebeni lase-Odessa. Odessa umholi izigebengu ngaleso sikhathi kwaba lomphangi abadumile Mishka Jap. ephikisana Almazov zaholela eziningana imizamo akuphumelelanga at jikelele. Nobunzima izigebengu, umbusi lempi akazange anqikaze iphendukele ukubulawa extrajudicial ukwesaba manje. Zabulawa wawela amaBolshevik, okuyiwona idayimane isibe omunye izibalo esibi kakhulu lonke ukunyakaza White.

umsebenzi Last

Ngo-Odessa Almazov sibalo engenzi ivumelane eziningi. Ngo-March 1919 lapho yaxoshwa post yakhe, futhi ngosuku olufanayo washiya umuzi. On ukususwa jikelele engalawuliwe neziphathimandla French waphikelela ngokuthi ngaleso sikhathi empeleni aphethwe edolobheni ezandleni zabo. Nje kwamasonto ambalwa njengabafokazi ngokuxhamazela bashiye Odessa, ukuyishiya ukuzilwela ngaphambi iRed Army namahlongandlebe Ukraine. Ngokushesha umuzi lathunjwa ihlukane encane ataman Nikifor Grigoriev.

Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Diamonds Jikelele ayebuyele eziphambekweni Zinikele Army. Anton Denikin wathumela kuye ekuqaleni kwazo nokudluliselwa Alexander Kolchak, ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ezedlule, wathi umbusi ophakeme Russia. Eningizimu, ngesikhathi Almazov ke unedumela okuxubile. ESiberia yilapho wezempi wayemagange, yena waba ezihlobene impumelelo isikhathi sokuqala kulwiwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-General azikwazanga ukulinda ukuze ubuyele umkakhe.

Indlela lamabutho ka badabula uLwandle iCaspian abantu 41. White ngaphandle kwenkinga, baqhubeka nohambo lwabo umkhumbi "Layla", ngenkathi umkhumbi wabo iye abamba eduze Fort-Alexander (namuhla Fort-Shevchenko, Kazakhstan). Lo mkhumbi omncane wawuhlangene omunye nge ngumbhubhisi oqeqeshwe kahle "UKarl Liebknecht", ebhodini zazo uzilungiselele ukuhlasela bebakhulu inani iRed Army of Denikin.

U-Aleksey Almazov, beqaphela nathemba ngesimo sakhe futhi angafuni ukuba ayethunjwe isitha, esingu yena nge isibhamu sakhe. Yaphela kanjalo-ke ukuphila omunye brilliant kunazo wezempi abaholi White ukunyakaza. ESoviet Union Diamonds waba yisibonelo esikhazimulayo jikelele ukuphathwa engumashiqela futhi uhlamvu omubi emisebenzini eminingi yobuciko.