Kuyini umquba? Umanyolo we-Organic, ukulima kanye nokulima

Yonke insimu enolwazi idinga indawo ekhethekile kumquba, ngoba lo mthombo ungumdali nomthombo wokuqina kwezitshalo kanye nomanyolo wemvelo oyinhloko. Impilo yezitshalo nokuvunwa esizayo ngokuqondile kuxhomeke ekutheni izinga kanye nesakhiwo somquba. Uma ulungisa kahle le nhlanganisela, umgadi wensimu ngeke adinge ukusebenzisa umquba. Kuyini umquba, ukuthi ungayilungisa kanjani uzokhuluma ngalesi sihloko.

Umquba - uyini?

Umquba uyisici esibaluleke kakhulu senhlabathi evundile kunoma iyiphi insimu kanye nomanyolo otholakale kakhulu kuzo zonke izinzwa, ezitholakala ezitshalweni zezitshalo. Uma kuphekwe ngendlela efanele, ngeke nje kugcwalise izidingo zemifula ezakhiweni ezinomsoco eziphuthumayo ukukhula, kodwa futhi zithuthukise ngokuphawulekayo isakhiwo somhlabathi lapho kuxhomeke khona ukusikeka kwayo, nokuthi singayithola kanjani futhi sigcine umswakama.

Umquba ezweni noma engadini yemifino yiyona kuphela imanyolo ephilayo yemvelo, etholakala ngokuvutshelwa, okuhlinzekwa yizinyosi kanye namagciwane.

Ukulungiswa kwalomanyolo kubonakala ekugqeni komquba noma ekuququzeni . Zingakhiwa njengemgodi emhlabathini, kodwa okukhethwa kukho kungcono indawo ekhethekile. Lokhu, njengomthetho, kungumthamo wohlobo oluvaliwe noma oluvulekile noma ibhokisi elinokufinyelela ngaphakathi.

Ngezinye izikhathi abalimi, abalimi beloli, banesithakazelo kulokho "umdwebo waseMelika" umquba. Lokhu, njengombuso, ibhakede lapho kutholakala khona imfucuza yokudla futhi ihlanjululwe ngomhlaba. Njengoba ugcwalisa isisindo sidluliselwa esitsheni esikhulu noma sithelelwa kumquba omkhulu.

Izimo ze-composting

Inqwaba ye-compost ivunyelwe ukwenza zonke izinto eziphilayo ezingakwazi ukubola. Lezi zihlanganisa, phakathi kwezinye izinto, imfucuza yezinkuni, utshani kanye netshani. Ungangezi izinhlanzi ezintsha kumquba, ngoba zihlanganiswa ngokwehlukana, ukuxuba ne-peat kanye nomhlaba, okungenani iminyaka eminingana.

Ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ama-microorganisms anikeza ukuvuthwa angakwazi ukucubungula konke okungeziwe emgqonyeni we-compost bese eveza ama-humus kuwo, izimo ezithile zidalwa, ngoba zidinga ukudla okugcwele ukusebenza. Kusukela emfucumfuceni wezitshalo, bathola i-carbon, futhi kufanele banikezwe i-nitrogen ngama-additives afanele, okuyinto umquba wezilwane.

Umquba wenkomo wengezwa ngamaphesenti angu-20 omthamo wenkomo yonke, futhi ama-drop dropings agxile kakhulu adingekayo. Uma kukhona ubunzima bokuba khona kwalesi sithako, khona-ke kuthathwa indawo ye-legumes, i- bone meal, inambuzane encane noma utshani.

Ukuqukwa komquba Ayenzi ngaphandle kwezinto ezinjengensimu evundile, egcwele izilwanyana ezincane, kanye nezivuselelo zokuvutshelwa. Ukudala ukwakhiwa kwe-caloric, engeza u-fused phosphate noma ufulawa we-phosphorite ngesilinganiso samakhilogremu ayisithupha ngamamitha ayi-cubic kanye ne-potassium (ukhuni lomlotha noma i- potassium sulfate) ngamanani amabili kilogram ngamamitha ayi cubic.

Uma udala izimo ezidingekayo kanye nesakhiwo esifanele se-compost, inqwaba ishisa, ivuselele ukuwohloka kwezinsalela.

Okungenzi umquba

Enye yezinto ezithandwayo ezithandwayo phakathi kwabantu ukulima nokulima. Ukuze uqhube ngempumelelo, udinga ukuba namakhono athile, okunye okukuwo ulwazi lokulungisa umquba wokutshala izitshalo.

Ukuze uthole umquba womgangatho kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye akufanele zibe:

• Amaplastiki;
• Amafutha;
• Izinto zokwenziwa;
• Amatshe;
• Amafutha;
• Imfucuza yezilwane nobisi.

Izithathu zokugcina azifisi ngoba zithola iphunga elimnandi futhi elihehayo. Kungenzeka ukuba wengeze ngobuncane obukhulu bokubola okusheshayo naphakathi komquba.

Ukukhumbula ukuthi yikuphi umquba, awukwazi ukwenza umgodi odoti ovela enqwabeni, ufaka kuwo izingxenye ezinjalo:

• Indwangu yabantu kanye nemfucuza yasemakhaya ukugwema ukutheleleka kwe-helminthic;
• Ama-rash, iphepha elikhanyayo, amatshe, amathambo, i-raber, njengoba bengabhidli umquba;
• Ama-disinfectants namakhemikhali;
• Ukuhlala kanye nemikhiqizo yokuchitha imvelaphi yesilwane ebangela ukubola;
• Ukuthintwa yizifo nezinambuzane zezitshalo okufanele zishiswe;
• Izimpande futhi ziqukethe imbewu yokhula, ngoba phakathi nenqubo yokuvuselela kabusha abalahlekelwa ukuhluma kwabo.

Ama-Green Elements

Izingxenye zomuthi we-compost zingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili:

• "Green", equkethe inani elikhulu nitrogen;
• "Brown", okungenayo i-nitrogen, kodwa ihlanganisa fiber okuningi.

Iqembu elihlaza lihlanganisa imfucuza ekhishini, izintonga, izinyoni zezinyoni, ubhontshisi bezinyosi, amaqabunga aluhlaza, ama-squeezes, izithelo ezihlukahlukene. Izinqubo zokubola zalezi zakhi ziyashesha kakhulu, zikhona ngokushisa nokushisa okukhulayo ngaphakathi. Ukuze uthole ukugeleza okuhle kakhulu, kubalulekile ukulungiselela kahle izinto zokusetshenziswa.

Ukuze ulungise umquba kusuka enotshani, imifino bese ushiya ngaphambi kokuba uthele emanzini omquba podvyvayut. Uma lokhu kungenziwanga, inqwaba yezinqwaba zomquba iyohlanganiswa, futhi umoya ngeke udlule, okuzoholela ekutheni ungabhubhi, kodwa kube omuncu, futhi umanyolo onobuthi uzovela. Kanti futhi izingxenye zemifino ziyashintshwa yihlamvu elimile kanye ne-sawdust.

Isizathu esihle kakhulu sokuquba umquba, kodwa kufanele sikhunjulwe ukuthi izingxenye zawo zonke kufanele zihlanganiswe nama-humus alungisiwe noma ahlanjululwe nge-herbal tincture ekukhuleni okusheshayo kwebhaktheriya futhi ngenxa yalokho, ukusheshiswa kwenqubo yokuququgquzela umquba. I-hay eyomile ithuliswa ngekhambi lomquba, i-kitchen waste noma amanzi.

Izindleko zekhishi kanye nezithelo zihanjiswa yizinto ezibomvu, futhi imifino yezinyoni ihlanjululwa ngamanzi.

I-"Brown" ingxenye yenqwaba yomquba

Esigabeni esibomvu kufaka amagxolo, ikhasi lembewu ye-sunflower, iphepha, amaqabunga owomile. Futhi kufaka phakathi ama-sawdust, ama-corn cobs, utshani, umquba, umquba. Umquba oqukethe lezi zakhi uthola i-porosity edingekayo, ngoba idlala indima yokuhlakaza ama-agent futhi igcina umoya nomswakama.

Izinqubo zokufaka lezi zingxenye zikhona isikhathi eside futhi zenzeke ngaphandle kokwakhiwa kokushisa. Phakathi nokubola kwabo, inani le-nitrogen liyancipha kancane emqubeni. Ngakho-ke, uma wenza isilwane, izithako ezibomvu kufanele zenze izithako ezisizayo ezondla amabhaktheriya. Indlela enhle yokugcina le nqubo ukuthululela inqwaba ye-urea ngesilinganiso sesigamu nesigamu kuya kwamakhilogremu amabili ngemitha yamakhilogremu.

Umquba omuhle kunawo wonke womquba ungumhlanga, noma ihhashi, kubi kakhulu - ingulube. Uma usebenzisa lokhu okulandelayo, kufanele ishintshwe ngotshani, ama-sawdust noma ama-husk, ngaphambi kokumbesa, yenza umkhawulo wezinga lamakhilogremu ambalwa ngamamitha ayi-cubic wempahla eluhlaza bese uphazamisa kuze kufike ukuvuthwa okugcwele.

Ukusetshenziswa kahle komanyolo

Ngemuva kokuvuthwa komquba bese uwuphenduka ube umanyolo ophilayo, kubalulekile ukuyisebenzisa kahle, ngenzuzo yezitshalo. Amakhomikhali abalimi nabalimi anganikezwa okulandelayo:

• Ngomquba ophelile ohlanganiswe nomlotha, kungenzeka ukumba emithonjeni yezithombo ezincane, uma zibuthaka futhi zikhula kabi. Hlanganisa ungqimba lomhlaba ngamasentimitha angamashumi amabili.
• Kudingekile ukwengeza umquba ngaphansi kwezihlahla ze-currant kanye nokusiketshezi, esiteshini se-raspberries nama-strawberries.
• Hlanganisa okokuqala umquba ukuze uphumule, uhlanganise iklabishi kanye nekhukhamba, uhlanganise nengqimba yomhlaba ngamasentimitha ayishumi.
• Ukukhiqiza umhlaba ekuwa kungenziwa ngokufaka umquba omncane emhlabathini, uhlanganise lezi zindawo ngefilimu ebusika ukuze izinto ezibalulekile zingenakunyakaziswa. Ngentwasahlobo, umanyolo uzovuthwa.

Ukulinganisa komquba

Izithako zokupheka ngendlela ethile zengezwe kumquba. Uma ibhukimakhi isenziwe ngendlela efanele, le nqwaba ngeke ikhulule izinto ezilimazayo emhlabathini, futhi ngeke iphinde icasule ngephunga elimnandi.

Ngakho-ke, ukuhambisana nobukhulu be-compost yiphuzu elibaluleke kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho ukushisa okunethezeka nokubusa okumanzi ngeke kudalwe ukuvuthwa komquba. Ubukhulu obamukelekayo kakhulu bomquba bungacatshangwa ububanzi bomitha obulodwa nengxenye futhi bube ngamamitha angamashumi amabili phezulu. Ubude buyizikhethelo, kodwa ngaphezu kwamamitha angama-1 nengxenye. Inqwaba yamasayizi amancane angeke akwazi ukufudumala kahle futhi azolahlekelwa umswakama ngokushesha, okuzophuza ukuvuthwa komanyolo.

Kubuyeleka ukuba uhlele umquba ngezikhathi zonke endaweni efanayo. Lokhu kuzoholela ekuphindaphindeni kwezinsizakalo ezidingekayo kanye nokusebenza ngokushesha kwezinqwaba ezintsha.

Indlela yokuhlela ipiramidi yomquba

Ukutshala inhlabathi ekwindla Kubaluleke kakhulu ekuvuthweni kwesitshalo esihle. Ngakho-ke, kuwumsebenzi wanoma yisiphi isindadi ukuhlela kahle umquba ukuze uthole umanyolo owusizo.

Izincomo ziyoba kanje:

1. Endaweni eyithuthukisiwe yesayithi, khetha isayithi ye-composting futhi uyilungiselele: lungisa, susa izimpande ezingaphandle (ikakhulukazi ukhula).
2. Faka ucingo ngamapulangwe, slate noma izihlangu.
3. Ukuze kusetshenziswe amanzi okungafihliwe phansi, umsele ohlanganisa isihlabathi, amagravel, noma igridi elihle noma igridi kufanele ifakwe.
4. Bese ubeka ungqimba womanyolo wonyaka odlule okhulile - uzoba umthombo wamabhaktheriya wokuvutshelwa.
5. Izingxenye zebhukimakhi zidingeka ukuba zihlushwe.
6. Izendlalelo ezibomvu neziluhlaza zihlanganiswa ngenye indlela, ungakhohlwa ukuthi ubukhulu obuluhlaza akufanele kube ngaphezu kwengxenye yesithathu yenani eliphelele.
7. Phakathi kwezingqimba, ungangezela udoti omncane , umanyolo noma ukuvuthwa okuvuselelayo.
8. Ngokusondela phezulu, ububanzi bezinqwaba kufanele buguquke ngokomqondo.
9. Ingxenyeni yezinqwaba ihlanganiswe ngotshani noma amapulangwe (okufinyelela emoyeni).

Imifino yokuvuthwa kwemifino

Ukulima nokuvuna kuyinto evamile, kepha ukuphathwa kwabo okuphumelelayo kuyadingeka ukuba nolwazi oluthile, kubandakanya ukuthi umquba uvele kanjani.

Ukuvuthwa kwe-fermentation kanye ne-compost kuvela ezinyangeni eziningana kuya eminyakeni embalwa, kuye ngokuthi izimo ezidalwe nokulungiswa kwezingxenye: i-pile ivolumu, ubukhulu bezithako ezichotshoziwe, umbuso wokuvuthwa.

Kubalulekile ukuthi izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi kwenqwaba lifinyelela kuma-degrees Celsius ayisithupha nangaphezulu, okuzosheshisa inqubo yokutshala kabusha, ukubulala izinambuzane. Okubaluleke kakhulu ukutholakala komoya okwanele nokugcoba kwamapiramidi.

Amathiphu kubalimi kanye nabalimi beloli ekuhleleni kwenqwaba yomquba

Amanye amathiphu wokunakekela iphramidi yomquba:

1. Lapho kuqala ukushisa nesomiso, ekuseni ngelanga elicacile, ibhodlela linamanzi amaningi ngokufaka ama-accelerators ukuvotela ukuze kumanzi zonke izingqimba, okudinga amanzi amaningi.
2. Izikhathi eziningana ngonyaka, le nqwaba idinga ukufaka shading ngokucophelela.
3. Shiya umquba ebusika kufanele uchitheke - uhlanganiswe nama-humus noma i-peat ehlanganiswe utshani. Ngonyaka olandelayo, le "ikhava" iyasiza ngenqwaba entsha.
4. Sebenzisa umquba ungavuthwa kuphela, ube nesakhiwo esibucayi, esinobuhle kanye nomunwe womhlaba owomileyo namaqabunga (ngaphandle kokubunjwa kanye ne-fungus).
5. Awukwazi ukuhlela umquba emgodini ukuze ugweme ukubola ngenxa yamanzi athile.

Lesi sihloko sibheka ukuthi yikuphi umquba, ukuthi ungayilungiselela kanjani futhi uyisebenzise kanjani. Lolu lwazi lubalulekile kubantu abahlanganyela ensimini, ngoba bancike ekuzaleni komhlaba kanye nokuningi kokuvuna.