Norm Ukuhlolwa ultrasound 1 yokuthathu. 1 yokuthathu Ukuhlolwa: isikhathi, ngezindinganiso US, ultrasound sokuqonda

Nge ukuqala ukukhulelwa owesifazane iqala ukusihlupha imibuzo eminingi. Njalo umama okhulelwe ufuna umntanakhe kumiswa evamile nokuthuthuka. Okwakuhlalwa kuzo lapho kusaqalwa oyizwayo izingozi asathuthuka izifo ezithize umbungu. Ukuphenya isimo umntwana odokotela linqume Ukuhlolwa 1 yokuthathu. ngezindinganiso US (isithombe inhlolovo ngokuvamile unamathisele) owesifazane singafundani uchwepheshe ogcina ke.

Kuyini kokubeletha Ukuhlolwa?

Ukuhlolwa kumuntu okhulelwe kuhilela ukulitadisha abesifazane abakhulelwe, okuvumela ukuba abone ukukhubazeka ezihlukahlukene ingane at esiteji wokukhula kwengane esiswini. Le ndlela ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezimbili nemnyaka: ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwegazi kanye ultrasound luhlolo.

Isikhathi elikhulu sokufeza ucwaningo ezifana - isikhathi esingamasonto ayishumi izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha nesithupha futhi amasonto nantathu izinsuku ezingamashumi ayisithupha nesithupha. Kukhona Izinga elithile ukuhlolwa ultrasound 1 yokuthathu, okuyinto eliqhathanisa imiphumela yocwaningo abesifazane abakhulelwe. Injongo eyinhloko yawo US ngalesi sikhathi kuba incazelo kombungu ezibucayi ukuthuthukiswa embungwini ukuhlonza izimpawu of chromosomal kwezinso.

I anomaly main - kuyinto:

• Teor isixazululo - isikhala entanyeni ukujiya endaweni;
• hypoplasia noma ukungabi khona ithambo acinene.

Ultrasound ekukhulelweni lembula izimpawu zesifo ezifana Down Syndrome, ngisho ezinye zokugula umbungu. Ukuhlolwa Jwayelekile (US) 1 yokuthathu ukuba ihlaziye amasonto 14. Kamuva le nkathi eziningi izinkomba ungakakwenzi ulwazi.

1 yokuthathu Ukuhlolwa: ngezindinganiso US (bheka ithebula)

Kudokotela ke kulula ukunquma isimo sowesifazane okhulelwe, kukhona ezinye izibhebhe ukuthuthukiswa izinkomba ingane izitho. Sam ultrasound olandelwayo ekhishwe olwakhiwe ngaphakathi landelana hlandla Dynamics ukwakheka nokukhula umbungu. Isihloko inikeza imithetho Ukuhlolwa 1 yokuthathu.

Sokuqonda US (ithebula kukhonjisiwe ngezansi) uzothola ulwazi mayelana ukuthi konke kulungile ngesithelo.

Ukunqunywa umbungu ukusebenza

Ukuze ukuhlola umbungu ukusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ukushaya kwenhliziyo kusaqalwa. inhliziyo ndoda omncane sika iqale ukushaya kuleli viki yesihlanu sokuhlala esibelethweni sikamama, futhi ukukhomba usebenzisa Ukuhlolwa 1 yokuthathu (ngezindinganiso US), kungenzeka kakade amasonto eziyisikhombisa zokuphila fetus. Uma ukushaya kwenhliziyo ubizwa ayitholiwe ngalesi sikhathi, sikwazi ukukhuluma ematfuba ukufa fetus (isisu ezingabanjwanga).

Ukuze ukuhlola umbungu ukusebenza zaba ngaphezulu kwenhliziyo, okuyinto evamile e-isikhathi esingamasonto ayisithupha kusukela 90 kuya amabhithi neshumi ngomzuzu. Lezi izinkomba ebalulekile ukuhlolwa 1 amazinga senyanga ultrasound kanye ekutadisheni ukugeleza kwegazi futhi ubude umzimba kumele kuhambisane idatha inkomba ngeminyaka sokukhulelwa.

Imishini okuthuthukile esetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa, ngcono ungabona zonke izidumbu kanye uthole imiphumela lesifanele kakhulu. Uma kukhona ithuba eliphezulu kokuba yokuzalwa bekhubazekile noma kombungu zofuzo, ukukhulelwa ithunyelwa ukuhlolisisa ezijulile.

Kwezinye izifunda, uma kubhaliswa emitholampilo yabakhulelwe kuphoqelekile bonke abesifazane abakhulelwe-1 yokuthathu. ngezindinganiso US lungase lungahambisani nalolo imiphumela, ngakho odokotela ngokushesha sithathe izinyathelo ezidingekile ukuze kulondolozwe ukuphila nempilo kukamama noma kwengane. Kodwa kaningi ngaphezu ku ucwaningo ethunyelwe abesifazane ekhulelwe isengozini: Lona wesifazane engamashumi amathathu nanhlanu, labo babe sifo sofuzo emkhayeni abantwana abazalwa ngaphambili, izisu e ukukhulelwa langaphambilini, izingane sezifile noma ukukhulelwa asathuthuka. qikelela ikhokhelwa omama abakhulelwe abaye bahlupheka ekuqaleni kokukhulelwa, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane, udla izidakamizwa eziyingozi noma ukuba ngaphansi kwethonya ngemisebe.

Uma owesifazane eke zokubona engxenyeni yezinyanga ezintathu zokuqala, le ultrasound kusiza ukucacisa ukusebenza ingane noma ukufa kwakhe.

izigaba inkathi yokukhulelwa

Kuphethe ukuhlolwa eyengeziwe ukunquma isikhathi esiqondile sokukhulelwa isimo eboniswe abesifazane nge njalo umjikelezo wokuya esikhathini noma bengazi lutho ngosuku nje ebamba isisu. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ezimweni eziningi, ukuhlolwa eyodwa yokuthathu. Amazinga ultrasonography, ukuqaqwa izinkomba zokuveza indlela nosuku nje ebamba isisu akuyona trebueyut ulwazi lwezokwelapha. Kowesifazane ngokwakhe ungabona usuku kulindeleke kwezidingo, ubudala sokukhulelwa futhi nenombolo zemibungu. Empeleni, inani amasonto, kunqunywa ultrasound, oluhambisana kwesikhathi, ebalwa kusukela ngosuku lokuqala umjikelezo sowesifazane.

Ngokwenza ucwaningo, lo dokotela kwenza nesilinganiso ukulawula ubukhulu umbungu. Kusukela idatha etholwe onguchwepheshe eliqhathanisa imithetho Ukuhlolwa 1 yokuthathu. US Ukususa ukubethela kwenzeka ku nemingcele ezilandelayo:

• nesilinganiso ibanga phakathi sacrum futhi umqhele umbungu (amasonto 7-13), okwenza kube lula ukunquma langempela engu sokukhulelwa ematafuleni ekhethekile;
• Ubude nesilinganiso wethambo parietal zekhanda wengane (emva 13 amasonto), kuba inkomba ebaluleke engxenyeni yokukhulelwa wesibili;
• ukuzimisela ubukhulu waqopha - kunawo wonke umbungu umzimba, ukusebenza kwayo kubonisa sokukhula kwengane ubude (amasonto 14), kusaqalwa kufanele kube mayelana 1.5 cm, futhi ukuphothulwa ethwele ingane ukuba ikhule 7.8 cm;
• selilonke kwamathumbu kulinganiswa ngesikhathi ingane - kubonisa ubukhulu nele-embryo ne isisindo sayo olulindelekile;
• ukuzimisela obungazungeza ikhanda isithelo yokuvuthwa, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi esetshenziselwa isibikezelo bokubeletha zemvelo. Lokhu nesilinganiso Kwenziwa ngisho emabangeni okugcina enkathi yokukhulelwa, lapho udokotela ubukeka ubukhulu omama okhalo esizayo futhi ikhanda womntwana. Uma selilonke ikhanda idlula kwemigomo ukhalo, ke kuyinkomba oqondile sesigaba cesarean.

Ukunqunywa kombungu

Ngosizo ultrasound emavikini zokuqala zokukhulelwa lukhombisa tinkinga ezahlukene ekukhuleni kwengane kanye nokwenzeka ikhambi ke ngaphambi kokuzalwa. Kuze kube yimanje, kunikezelwe kokubonisana ezingeziwe zofuzo doctor-, okuyinto lifanisa etholwe usebenzisa izinkomba kanye namazinga ukuhlolwa 1 yokuthathu.

US sokuqonda kungase kubonise khona iyiphi zamehlo kwengane, kodwa isiphetho yokugcina unikezwa kuphela ngemuva kokwenza izifundo kwamakhemikhali.

Ukuhlola 1 yokuthathu, ngezindinganiso US: ithambo acinene

Ngo umbungu kokuba kwezinso chromosomal, Ukuqina sekuyenzeka kamuva kunaleyo enempilo. Lokhu kungabonakala kudala njengoba amasonto 11, lapho ukuhlolwa Kwenziwa 1 yokuthathu. ngokuvumelana US okulotshiweyo amazinga ezovela uma kukhona ukuphambuka ekuthuthukiseni ithambo acinene, kusiza ochwepheshe ukunquma inani layo kusukela emasontweni angu-12.

Uma ubude lokhu ithambo ayihambisani isikhathi sokukhulelwa, kodwa zonke ezinye izinkomba ukuze ke asikho isizathu sokukhathazeka. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kuyinto izici ngamunye we-embryo.

Value-parietal usayizi coccyx

Isikhombisi esibalulekile ndoda omncane kuleli qophelo ekhulelwe ubukhulu coccyx kuya okhakhayini. Uma owesifazane enezinwele uma ukuya esikhathini kungaqondi, le nkomba inquma isikhathi yokukhulelwa. Jwayelekile Ukuhlolwa ultrasound 1 yokuthathu lokhu Inkomba kusuka 3.3 kuya 7.3 cm on engu-amasonto eyishumi kuya, kukonke.

I ukushuba entanyeni indawo yesikhala (TID)

Lesi sibalo ngenye futhi ngokuthi obukhulu entanyeni emphethweni. It is waphawula ukuthi uma TVP umbungu ukushuba 3 mm, kukhona ingozi-Down syndrome kule ngane. Amanani esetshenziswa udokotela, okubonisa 1 yokuthathu Ukuhlolwa. ezindinganisweni US (nuchal ukujiya) zibhekwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyohlolwa obengeziwe emtholile lona wesifazane okhulelwe.

Icacisa indawo placenta

Afterbirth (placenta) kuyadingeka ukuze kokubeletha kwegazi ndoda omncane. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa amandla akhe. Ultrasound kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba anqume ukuthuthukiswa okungavamile placenta nesikhundla. Uma liphansi kakhulu maqondana fundus lesizalo - lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi praevia placenta, kungaholela ezedlulayo kwezintathu zomkhiqizo umntwana ngesikhathi sokubeletha.

indawo Good lezihlalo ingane ingase ultrasound ukuhlolwa 1 yokuthathu. Imithetho yalokhu kuhlola ukwenqaba ongaphakeme placenta previa. Kodwa ngisho noma itholakala eduze phansi kwesibeletho, odokotela musa ugijimele ikhale alamu, ngoba Yiqiniso yokukhulelwa kungase bavuke. Kodwa uma ukuma placenta osekushintshile ezigabeni kamuva, bese lezi zinkinga ezilandelayo:

• placenta Ungahle ufihle wesibeletho futhi kuvimbele nokubeletha yemvelo;
• kusukela e senyanga yesibili Ezansi kwesibeletho sisalokhu, placenta kungase ikhasi off kuwo futhi kubangele ezinzima ukopha (esinomhlapho abruption).

Ucwaningo ye-yolk sac

Ngezinye izinsuku 15-16 esesibelethweni, kusukela ngosuku nje ebamba isisu ungaphakathi inqubo kumiswa -yolk sac. Lokhu "igunya zesikhashana" ingane ukuhlola, okwenza ultrasound (1 yokuthathu Ukuhlolwa). Imigomo kanye nemithetho ukuze ultrasound Luhlolo kumele akhombise khona layo kanye nosayizi. Uma kukhona i ijamo okungajwayelekile, anda noma lehla, kungenzeka ukuthi nesilinganiso umbungu.

Isikhuphasha sac - kuba neseleko, esemgwaqweni ohlangothini ventral umbungu. Linikeza supply isikhuphasha ezidingekayo sokuthuthukisa evamile ingane. Ngakho hlola ukuthi izinga ukuhlolwa ultrasound 1 yokuthathu kuqhathaniswa ne kwemigomo cwaningo, kubalulekile ukuqapha sokukhulelwa. Phela, okokuqala (inqobo nje uma izitho wengane musa ukusebenza bebodwa), lesi sitho wenza umsebenzi isibindi, ubende, futhi liyasetshenziswa njengoba umhlinzeki lwegciwane eyinhloko amaseli ngenkuthalo iqhaza kumiswa izinqubo mzimba futhi umzimba.

Indima ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kwegazi

Kuyaphenywa isimo-embryo yoke, udokotela Akabheki kuphela imiphumela ultrasound (1 yokuthathu Ukuhlolwa). Izinkambiso kuwo ebaluleke e ukuhlolwa igazi. azihlole, ngaphezu ukuhlolwa ultrasonic wenziwa ukuze sithole ukuthi amaprotheni ethize (esinomhlapho) kukhona ngasiphi ezingeni. I Ukuhlolwa kuqala kwenziwe ngesimo ukuhlolwa kabili - ukuthola ezingeni 2 amaprotheni amafomu:

1. "PAPP-A" - okubizwa ngokuthi ukukhulelwa-ezihambisana plasma amaprotheni A
2. "HCG" - mahhala beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin.

Uma amazinga yalezi amaprotheni baguqulelwa, kubonisa khona okungenzeka chromosomal futhi okungezona chromosomal izifo ezingaba. Kodwa ukuhlonza ingozi okusezingeni eliphezulu akusho ukuthi umbungu Ngilokho akulungile. Ukuhlolwa okunjalo imiphumela 1 yokuthathu, emagama, isilinganiso ultrasound abonisa ukuthi kudingeka ubuke eduze kakhudlwana ukukhulelwa. ucwaningo Ngokuvamile okuphindaphindiwe uye ayiboniswa ingozi isifo esidluliselwa ngofuzo.