Umnotho wanamuhla waseBelarus

Umnotho kazwelonke weRiphabhulikhi Belarus, ngokuvumelana nomqondo isimo, kuyinto enkulu engaba emphakathini ngamakhasimende, evulekile, ukuthekelisa ngamakhasimende, ne zesayensi kanye ezintsha. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet esifundeni wabizwa ngokuthi "inhlangano esitolo" yezwe, ubani Belarus Kuze kube namuhla, sikukhumbula izibopho yentengiso eRussia, Ukraine kanye namanye amazwe CIS.

yizinkomba zezomnotho

Njengoba umnotho Belarus kuyinto ukuthekelisa ngamakhasimende evulekile, bese-ke kakhulu ehlaselwe zangaphandle izici iyehla iyenyuka zezwe, futhi ikakhulukazi emnothweni Russian. I umthelela wale nkinga, kwasungulwa yokujama tsi we umkhakha we Russian Federation ngenxa unswinyo nokuwa ukubaluleka hydrocarbon, "kucwila" emakethe Ukraine abaye bayiphatha kabi zonke izindawo zaleli zwe. Sekube ukwehla kwe-GDP, buthakathaka Ruble Belarusian, ekuphumeni abangasebenzi, kanti ngenxa yalokho - lokube nawo ezingeni lekuphila usufinyelele ngokuphawulekayo.

Ukuze kutholakale izinga ukuthuthukiswa komnotho kanye nokusebenza kwezomnotho osebenza inkomba eziyisisekelo kwezomnotho - umkhiqizo wonyaka wonke ohlangene. Ngo-2014 umnotho Belarus 'kazwelonke usezuze ukusebenza kakhulu we-GDP - angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-77 zamaRandi, noma mayelana $ 8,000 umuntu ngamunye. Ukuze uqhathanise: ngo-2010 i-GDP isanda phezu $ 60 billion ($ 6,100 umuntu ngamunye). Nokho, le ntuthuko ezenziwe Burst ekupheleni 2014 Inkinga lesifunda. Kucatshangwa ukuthi imiphumela zezimali zango-2015 kuyoba kancane umxhwele.

isakhiwo GDP

Njengoba ngaphambili, nomnikelo okuholela ukuthuthukiswa komnotho Belarusian wenza emkhakheni wezimboni. It ebangela ingxenye yesine ka-GDP. With lag ezimbili isikhathi kulandelwa ukuhweba nokwakhiwa. Izibalo 2014 simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• umkhakha - 24%;
• ukuhweba - 12.1%;
• izintela ngemikhiqizo - 12,1%;
• ukwakhiwa - 10.4%;
• zokuxhumana kanye ezokuthutha - 7.9%;
• ezolimo namahlathi - 7.1%;
• naletinye tinhlaka - 25,8%.

Top kwezohwebo: Russia (40% lemikhiqizo nokungu-50% sokungena), e-Europe (30% lemikhiqizo futhi mayelana 20% sokungena), ikakhulukazi, Ukraine, eNetherlands, eGreat Britain, Lithuania, eJalimane, e-Italy, ePoland. Ngamandla ukuthuthukisa ukuhweba neChina, Brazil, Venezuela, Kazakhstan, India, Turkey nakwamanye amazwe.

umnotho emakethe

Belarus njengoba ilitshe imodeli izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho yentuthuko ucabangela version zenhlalo-ngamakhasimende of ubudlelwano emakethe. Umnotho Belarus lususelwe:

• ukuvikela amalungelo nenkululeko izakhamuzi;
• kuqala, isifiso abantu ukuze uthuthukise inhlalakahle yabo;
• ukudala ukuvikelwa obuqinile nabanye;
• ibhizinisi khulula;
• ukuxegiswa emikhakheni eyehlukene yomsebenzi wezomnotho;
• ukuthuthukiswa umncintiswano;
• ekukhuthazeni ukuhlukana ngamazwe zomsebenzi.

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala nentuthuko yayo usebenzisa ngqo umthetho kahulumeni ezindaweni lapho emakethe empeleni ukuzithiba kuyinto ayizwakali. Lokunye lokubaluleke kakhulu ukuthuthukiswa ezintsha kanye ukubandakanywa ukutshalwa kwezimali angaphandle kanye ezifuywayo.

Inkinga wamabhizinisi ukulahlekelwa wokwenza

Ngo Belarus, isabelo izinhlangano ezingenanzuzo unyaka ngamunye zokhahlamba kusuka 20-25%, ikakhulukazi emadolobheni amakhulu naphakathi, Grodno, Minsk futhi Smolevichi izifunda, ikakhulukazi e-trade neyokudla yomphakathi, ngokwengxenye kule mboni. Ukuze uthuthukise inzuzo ukunciphisa izindleko zokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa yayo ngezinto zokwakha kanye namandla.

umumo wezomnotho

Ezomnotho weRiphabhulikhi Belarus kunqunywa ratio izingxenye ngazinye ipulazi ubudlelwano obuphakathi kwabo. Kusukela 2011, Belarus isicelo ngezigaba entsha imisebenzi yezomnotho. Ngokungafani legatsha (WaseSoviet) Ukuhlukaniswa umnotho, manje zonke izinhlobo ezahlukene imisebenzi yezomnotho sehlukaniswe izimayini kanye Ukumba, nabahlinzeki.

Ngu yokukhipha zihlanganisa anhlobonhlobo amasimu umsebenzi, ezihlobene ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yezolimo, ukuzingela, ezamahlathi kanye yokudoba, embonini yezimayini futhi ngokuqondile (potassium nosawoti, izinto zokwakha, hydrocarbon nokunye. D.). Imboni yokukhiqiza unesibopho ukucutshungulwa izinto zokusetshenziswa, ukukhiqizwa nokusakazwa Kwezimiso ugesi, amanzi kanye negesi. imisebenzi lwezezimali, ezohwebo, imfundo, okungamele ukuphathwa komphakathi, ezokuthutha nezokuxhumana ahlelwe "abahlinzeki besevisi".

Esedlule nesizayo

Ngokwesiko, emnothweni waseBelarus khona nezokulima ngamakhasimende, okuyinto wadlala ababalulekile ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, ukuhweba kanye nemisebenzi yezandla. republic okunjalo, futhi kwaze kwaba phakathi nekhulu le-lamashumi amabili. Nge-yalolucwaningo 60 isiqale Ukwanda mboni, ngenxa ukwakhiwa kwamabhizinisi amasha giant babé esitimela salo lonke wemboni, izimboni zobuchwepheshe, uqalile ukuthuthukiswa imali engokwemvelo umanyolo namafutha.

Kulokhu, womkhakha wezolimo hhayi kuphela lalilokhu esiphakeme, kodwa ithuthukisiwe ukwethulwa ubuchwepheshe obusha, ukuthuthukiswa kwezesayensi yezolimo, ukutholakala imikhiqizo emisha yezolimo okubangelwa izinkampani yokukhiqiza wendawo. tractor Famous "Belarus" akhiqizwa Minsk, futhi umkhankaso ukukhiqizwa uhla egcwele amayunithi ngomshini, kusukela sokuzivivinya elula zobuchwepheshe imishini yokuvuna. Namuhla emnothweni Belarusian - nezokulima-ezimbonini.

Belarus kwekuhlela kabusha kwesakhiwo sekwephuzile. Ligcizelela ubuchwepheshe okusezingeni eliphezulu kwezolimo kanye ukukhiqizwa yezimboni, IT-umkhakha, ezokuvakasha, ukusetshenziswa ezingaba logistic njengezwe zokuthutha, le sesimanje ukukhiqizwa, ngokusekelwe izinto zokusetshenziswa zendawo, nokunye. D. uhulumeni is ukusebenzisa thokozani ezinkulu ukutshala-amaphrojekthi, enkulu kunazo zonke zazo bangaba isakhiwo epaki giant yezimboni nobuchwepheshe eliphezulu "itshe Omkhulu" kanye nabalingani Chinese. Kuyibika okubalulekile imizamo ehlukahlukene emnothweni futhi ukusungula ibhizinisi futhi enobungane izibopho ekuchumana zezombusazwe namazwe kanye nezifunda emhlabeni wonke.