Umlando waseRussia: ikhulu le-19 leminyaka

Abantu abaningi banesithakazelo emlandweni waseRussia, ngekhulu le-19 lapho yaba yinye yezinkathi eziphikisana kakhulu. Futhi akumangalisi, ngoba lesi yisikhathi esikhethekile ezweni lakithi, sigcwele izinguquko kanye nokuguqulwa, okufana nesikhathi sikaPetru Omkhulu.

Umlando waseRussia, ngekhulu le-19, owawela ekubuseni kwababusi abathathu, uyabathanda kakhulu abacwaningi. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu leminyaka, iRussia yangena njengombuso we-feudal-serf, umbuso wezombusazwe. Ngokubambisana kwamandla kanye namandla empi, kwasekuqaleni phakathi kwamandla aseYurophu ngalesi sikhathi.

Kodwa umlando waseRussia, ngekhulu le-19 lapho waba cishe yilabo abaphendula kakhulu futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo okuqhubekayo, ufakazela isimo semvelo somnotho wezwe ngenxa yokubuyela emuva ekuthuthukiseni umnotho. Isabelomali sezwe sisekelwe ezintela ezikhokhelwayo.

Ngokomthetho, umbusi wabusa izwe ngosizo lwabaphathi ababegxila ezandleni zabo amandla amakhulu.

Umlando waseRussia: ngekhulu le-19, ngokufushane

Lona indaba yabaphathi abathathu nabangane babo phakathi kwezikhulu eziningi. Uhulumeni wayephethe kokubili eminyangweni kahulumeni ophakathi nasendaweni. Izwe lalibuswa yi-bureaucracy.

Lapho u-Alexander I ehlezi esihlalweni sobukhosi , wayehlangene nethemba elikhulu lokuguqula lelizwe kuze kufike ekuqedeni uhlelo lwe-feudal. Kodwa-ke, lezi zithemba azange zigcwaliseke. Khona-ke zonke izifiso zabantu zadluliselwa ku-Emperor Nicholas I.

Kodwa izinguquko azange zenziwe yi-emperor. Bobabili ababusi benza ngokufanayo.

Umoya okhululekile ekuqaleni kokubusa kuka-Alexander I wenziwa esikhundleni sesiteji esiphendukayo ekugcineni. Ngalowo mbusi emandleni, eqinisweni, u-Arakcheev, owayengumuntu ononya kangaka, igama lakhe laba igama lomkhaya.

Umlando waseRussia, ngekhulu le-19 ikakhulukazi, unesithakazelo kusukela ekubambeni kokwakhiwa kwemifudlana emisha ehlukahlukene yokucabanga. Izindlela eziningana eziyinhloko zomcabango wezenhlalo nezombusazwe zivela. Lesi sikhathi kwakuyisikhathi sokunyuka okungavamile kokucabanga komphakathi, okuyinto umlando waseRussia owawuwazi ngaphambili, i-xix leminyaka iba yi-epochal ngale ndlela.

I-ideology esemthethweni yiyona "mbono yobuzwe obusemthethweni" u-Uvarov. Le mbono yayakhiwe ngezinsika ezintathu: "inkululeko" - "Orthodoxy" - "ubuzwe". Ngokwezinga elithile, amaSlavophile avumelana nale ncazelo, bajabulela indlela ekhethekile yokuthuthukiswa kombuso waseRashiya, ongahambisani nendlela yaseNtshonalanga (Yurophu) yentuthuko.

I-Westernizers, ngokungafani neSlavophiles, ngokuphambene nalokho, yazinikela ekuzilandeleni emazweni asethuthukile aseYurophu ukuze kunqobe ukubuyela emuva ekuthuthukisweni.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, omunye umcabango womcabango womphakathi uvela eRussia, okuyindlela ngokwawo ukuhumusha ukuthuthukiswa kwezombangazwe nezomnotho wezwe. Kwabizwa ngokuthi i-socialist.

Ngisho nokukhona kwemibono eminingi, engahumushi ngendlela engafanele izindlela zokuthuthukiswa kwezwe, kubonisa ukuthi izwe lalingesimweni esinzima kakhulu nezinguquko ezidinga kakhulu.

Ingxenye yesibili yekhulu le-19 yaba yisikhathi esikhethekile eRussia, lapho ekugcineni, isikhathi eside esilindile senguquko sifikile. Lihlobene negama likaMbusi Alexander II nokuqedwa kwe-serfdom eRussia .