US uhlelo lwezimali

Omunye wemisebenzi inqubomgomo kwezomnotho uhulumeni sika ukusekela ukuzinza wezwe wezimali. Ngaphambi inhlekelele 2009 lo msebenzi e-United States ukuze afeze kokuqondisa ekhethekile zezimali, ukuba ithonya labo ngamunye isimo ngabanye. ONgeziwe, tekubukana lolu daba kwaba isihloko eyinhloko uhlelo zezimali kabusha Obama, wadedelwa ehlobo lika-2009. Bills amagugu zezimali, intuthuko yokuqhubeka yezinguquko, kuye kwasungulwa 2010.

Uhlelo wezimali ka -United States ubhekwa njengobufakazi obugcwele kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo namandla. Njengoba emazweni amaningi athuthukile, liphethe izabelomali emazingeni ahlukahlukene nemizimba obonisa ukulawula imali kanye nezindleko ingxenye yayo.

I-US uhlelo lwezimali kufanele enze ejwayelekile imisebenzi ezintathu eziyinhloko:

Ukuze wemfanelo lokuqala ukuphathwa komphakathi, emthethwandaba kumbe ibutho.

Umsebenzi esilandelayo ukuhanjiswa engenayo phakathi amaqembu athile abantu nezindawo, kanye uyisicekelo lokhu kwaba ngokunembile US uhlelo lwezimali. Lesi sici kubonakala kahle ekuhlinzekeni sezulu ukhululekile ukuhlangana kwezenhlalo nezomnotho kuleli zwe.

Ekugcineni, umsebenzi sesithathu yasungulwa ngawo-30s kwekhulu lama-20, ngemva tetemnotfo. Inhloso Its main ukusebenzisa isabelomali njengoba ithuluzi ukwandisa ukukhula komnotho nesimo futhi ulekelele ukuthuthukiswa abamabhizinisi. Izinto zesimanje US uhlelo lwezimali selukhombisile ukuthi izimo komnotho kahle uhulumeni kufanele adlale indima umlingani onokwethenjelwa futhi zemvelo, hhayi amandla ephikisayo ukuba abamabhizinisi.

Uhlelo kwesabelomali United States inezici yayo qualitative. Ngakho, ke waphawula isimiso 'federalism kwezimali ". Ngamanye amazwi, kukhona ukuxhumana ngempumelelo izinhlelo ezintathu zikahulumeni - izimali, izindleko kanye nobudlelwano obuphakathi amabhajethi.

Uhlelo kwemali engenayo uhulumeni siqukethe iqoqo intela futhi okungezona eziqoqwayo, letisebenta kuleli zwe futhi uzokwazi ukuqinisekisa lechitfwa nguhulumende, kanye lapha kufanele ufake izindlela zokuqoqa imali kanye zokuhlala isabelomali izimali emthethweni. uhlelo State izindleko siqukethe ekulungiseleleni isabelomali okusalungiswa nge intuthuko yabenza ngqongqotshe ke isitatimende (isinqumo) e Congress kanye nokulawula oyisibopho phezu abulawe yayo.

Isimiso oshiwo ngenhla of "federalism kwezimali" inikeza ezingeni ngalinye emithonjeni uhulumeni uqobo kwemali engenayo, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona kungenzeka ezingeni eliphakeme ukwabiwa kwesabelomali uma kunesidingo.

US uhlelo yentela is atehlukaniseki ukuze inqubomgomo yentela. Lokhu kubonakala umklamo kanye izinqumo ekufezeni imisebenzi yezomnotho kanye ukuxhumanisa oyisibopho nenqubomgomo kwesabelomali isimo. Futhi okuphambene nalokho - yonke imisebenzi isabelomali yezwe achazwayo bese zilandelwa ngu Ochwepheshe bebheke isimo isu kwezomnotho jikelele.

US uhlelo yemali kuyingxenye uhlelo lwezimali isimo futhi esibonakala ngokuqina isiqondiso yayo yibhange ephakathi ye Melika kanye Ministry of Finance.

In the 70s kwekhulu lama-20, lo msebenzi eyinhloko kohlelo Federal Reserve kwakuyilungelo elingakanani ukusekela izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali ezingeni eliphansi, ngaleyo ndlela ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwegazi yemali kuleli zwe kanye nokuqinisa dollar njengoba lwemali reserve.

Kusukela ngo-1981, uhulumeni waqala kokuqhuba isiqondiso esiqinile kwegazi yemali by kokuzincisha imali supply futhi zenzalo bavuke. Ngokusebenzisa le misebenzi esewenzile nokuncipha izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali kanye nokuqiniswa ukwanda dollar value yayo kuqhathaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zemali.