Republic of Russia: uhlu lwama-alfabhethi

Yezihloko 85 kwakheka ingxenye yeRussia. Republic ezakha eyodwa nane leli nani. akhawunti Bona cishe amathathu amaphesenti insimu Imininingwane yezwe. Kube uhlala yesithupha yazo zonke izakhamuzi isimo (ngaphandle eCrimea). Sihlaziya kabanzi elithi "republic". Isihloko Uyophinde unikezwe okuthile ngomlando ukwakheka lala mafu uhlu izinhlangano ezikhona namuhla.

Igama elithi "Russian Republic"

Izifunda nezindawo abhekwa ingxenye zokuphatha-indawo yezwe. Republic ngokuvamile ngokuthi izinhlangano zomphakathi. Singasho ukuthi bamele inhlangano encane kazwelonke, ekhona ensimini ka umbuso owodwa. Zonke republic Russian ukusungula umthetho-sisekelo walo siqu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izikhonzi datha zivunyelwe awowonke ukuzimela ulimi isimo. Ngezikhathi eSoviet Union esetshenziswa nomqondo ezizimele Socialist Republics (esifushanisiwe - ASSR), nayo ngokuthi izifunda ezizimele. Kwakumelwe zokwakheka ezibalulekile kazwelonke kanye nesimo, kuyilapho izindawo futhi emaphethelweni zensimu ngokuthi amaqembu.

wafundiswa

Republic of Russia waqala ukwakha e ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, cishe yaphela lapho kugumbuqelwa umbuso. Zadalelwa, kokushiya izindawo yesifundazwe kanye nezinye amayunithi. Nokho, izinhlangano ezinjalo amaningi aqala ukuqhuba uvuke izifunda ezikhona kakade kokuba esikhundleni khulula. basuke ngokuvamile kubhekwa izindawo ahlukene, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi beniyingxenye izifunda kanye izindawo. Lapho uMtsetfosisekelo kwenza kwaba nomfutho omkhulu republic entsha yaqala ukubonakala sazikhohlwa ngo-1936. Nokho, bambalwa wabonakala ngaphambili ngokugcwele ahlukaniswe Russia, uhlala, e -USSR.

Zokwakheka ayingxenye nakuletinye tifundvo

Kukhona hhayi kuphela ama-republic angu-Russia. Bona kwakhiwa ingxenye uMnyango wezeMfundo uye nekwetfula kakade amayunithi akancike. Ngokwesibonelo, ngaphansi kweSoviet EGeorgia wama phandle izifundo ezizimele - Adzharistan futhi Abkhazia. A kwakheka Nakhichevan we Azerbaijan Republic. Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu we Uzbek SSR kuhlanganisiwe ekumiseni Tajikistan ezizimele. Kamuva, ekugcineni ithola uzibuse okugcwele waba Tajik SSR, futhi umfelandawonye republic kanye ukubukelwa. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva Uzbekistan ubekade kwelifa loonyana Karakalpak ASSR. Insimu yase-Ukraine ngaphambili adjoined Republic of Moldova, owahamba wakhe sebeneminyaka engu-ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha nyunyana, kokushiya ingxenye zindawo. Lesi sakamuva republic kwakhiwa baba zaseTuva. Ngemva yethula inani izinhlangano ezizimele awushintshanga eminye iminyaka engamashumi amathathu.

ukuqhubeka

Kusukela ngo-1990, futhi waqala ukuba ukuma republic Russian (uhlu uzonikezwa ngezansi). Nokho, manje, imfundo kwakubangelwa yokufuna wangaphambili izinhlangano ezizimele kanye izifunda kobukhosi ngokuphelele. Ehlobo lika-1990 futhi lifinyelele nokwaneliswa republic ngamunye, kanye ezindaweni eziningi ongakayisebenzisi babekwazi. Sekube noshintsho Adygeya, Khakassia, Gorno-Altaisk futhi, ngaphandle kwalokho Karachay-Cherkessia izindawo. Khona-ke kwenzeka behlukana Chechnya futhi Ingushetia ukuthi uma yahlanganiswa Republic. Phakathi izikhonzi nezinqubo yokufuna ukuzibusa yena yanikezelwa isihloko eNgophezukonke. Nokho, kuyafaneleka ukuthi kube nini nanini akazange akhulume isihloko kokuthola republic ukuzimela okugcwele kanye noqhekeko phakathi komuntu ezindaweni Russian. Ngemva kokuthola uzibuse, izakhiwo ezintsha ziye zashintsha ngendlela ehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuthinta nje kwakhiwa Republic Adjara futhi Nakhichevan, owakhonza iminyaka eminingi babe isimo autonomies, ihlanganiswe ne nezinye izinto. Ngakho, zaba ingxenye zokwakheka Georgian kanye nesi-Azerbaijani. Abkhazia kuyinto republic eSoviet, wayehlele ukuba ahlale ingxenye inyunyana ithi lelitimele, kuyilapho Georgia akazange ayisekele lo mbono. Inkinga efanayo Transnistria, ngaphambili kubhekwe ukuba yingxenye ukuzimela eMoldavia ngaleso sikhathi nganquma ukuba indawo ezimele. A isixazululo esinokuthula alutholakalanga, ngakho sekuqala ezempi. Abazange ukusiza Georgia ne Moldova ukuze siphinde sithole ukulawula, kodwa yaba nomthelela ukusheshisa kumiswa republic amabili amasha - Abkhazia futhi Transnistria.

uhlu

Akwaziwa amabili nambili imfundo ezizimele. Njengomthetho, zonke imithombo republic Russian basakaza alfabhethi. Ngakho, ohlwini ngu:

• Republic of Adygea;
• Altai;
• Bashkortostan;
• Buryatia;
• Dagestan;
• Ingushetia;
• Kabardino-Balkar Republic;
• Kalmykia;
• Karachay-Cherkess Republic;
• Karelia;
• Komi;
• Republic of eCrimea;
• Mari El;
• Mordovia;
• Saha (Iakutiia) ;
• North Ossetia - Alania;
• Tatarstan;
• Tyva Republic;
• Isi-Udmurt Republic;
• Khakassia;
• I Chechen Republic;
• Chuvashia.

eRepublic

Kuyafaneleka ukuxoxa ngale ndaba esigodini iVolga. On ibhange kwesokudla iVolga upland itholakala khona, futhi ngakwesokunxele - flat ndawo. Kulesi ingxenye iVolga uthola nemingenela Sura, Anish futhi Tsivil. Esikhathini 2nd yeminyaka BC, kwisayithi ye-republic samanje uhlalwe Balanovskaya isidumbu nobuzwe. Ngemva namakhulu ambalwa eminyaka ngemva sazo sivalwe izizwe Gorodets. ikoloni Active lwaluqala 7-9 eminyaka AD. On the Lower iVolga esifundeni kuyilapho zizwe zafuduka suwar futhi baseBulgaria. Ngemva kwalokho, kusukela lezi zizwe kwakhiwa Isi-Chuvash. Ngu ubudala 10-13, iVolga Bulgaria kwamiswa. Kodwa ngekhulu le-14 isimo uye wawela kwamazinyo. Lokhu kwakubangelwa Ukuhlasela yamaMongol. Ngakho, kwaphela amakhulu eminyaka izwe wadlulela baseBulgaria, amaMongol-AmaTatar-ke emiswa Kazan Khanate (ngo-1546 insimu ka ikusasa Chuvashia kwaba ngaphansi kwejoka yayo). Ngenxa yalokho, abantu bacela usizo isikhathi ebusa Ivana Groznogo. Ngekhulu leshumi nesithupha base lebhalwe Russia uqobo. ERepublic kwadingeka insimu yawo nezinqaba ambalwa. Phakathi kwabo, ezifana isibonelo Yadrin, Tsivilsk.