Izindlela zokudluliselwa kwe-anthrax. Izindlela zokuvimbela

Naphezu ezingeni lelisetulu ukuthuthukiswa imithi, okwamanje namanje unemisebenzi kwamagciwane kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwabantu nezilwane yezifo ezithathelwanayo. Abaningi babo ngokuphelele amenable yokwelapha, futhi abanye kufanele silwe isikhathi eside. Sizokwenza ukukhuluma esinye salezi zifo - cabangela indlela ukuthuthukisa i-anthrax. I-ejenti causative, ukudluliswa endleleni, ukwelapha isifo izobuye ichazwe kulesi sihloko.

Siyini isifo

Wathi isifo eyaziwa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ngoba sonke lesi sikhathi, yena yashintsha igama lakhe, kodwa eRussia ithole igama ngalokho wawutholakala ikakhulu basakaza ezindaweni yeSiberia. Ngenhlanhla, manje amacala lesi sifo ezingajwayelekile kakhulu.

Anthrax ukudluliswa indlela ihlukile, kodwa noma kunjalo kuba impela abukhali futhi iyingozi isifo esithathelwanayo ukuthi kubangelwa anthracis silwanyana Bacillus. Ukuqhubeka kwesifo akunakugwenywa, kusukela isikhumba itheleleke avele carbuncles ethize lapho ifomu isikhumba noma ezinye izimpawu libizwa.

Izimbangela zesifo

ukutheleleka Provocateur kuyinto facultative anaerobic igremu-HIV igciwane. Ngaphansi kwe-microscope, kubukeka sengathi induku nge semikhawulweni sinqunyiwe. Esimweni-mpilo uqala sporulate.

Pathogenicity kunqunywa ukuba khona exciter kanye exotoxin zamagama capsule. Toxin olukhiqiza igciwane uyakwazi umzimba abantu nezinkomo isinyathelo ukuvuvukala futhi asebenzise ebulalayo. Imiphumela emzimbeni ngokuvamile sibonakalise:

• izicubu edema;
• ukwephulwa kwezicubu kwezimila;
• okusithiyayo of phagocyte.

amafomu vegetative lwegciwane kuyinto ngempela engazinzile in imvelo, cishe ujuqu uma abilisiwe noma ukufuthelana phezu degrees 60. Kodwa ngalokhu impikiswano ngeke kusho umzimba. Bona ukugcina nokusebenza sabo emanzini futhi inhlabathi iminyaka eminingi, ngisho imizuzu embalwa abilayo is hhayi bancishwa ikhono ukusebenza kwawo ukuze likhiqize.

Lezinhlamvu isikhunta singase nje ulinde phandle kwezimo ezingezinhle, kodwa futhi ukuze ikhule. Imizila yokudlulisela anthrax kungaba ezahlukene. Through the inhlabathi - omunye wabo. Ngakho-ke, kufanele izinyathelo ezithathiwe, ikakhulukazi kulezo zindawo lapho amacala lesi sifo eqoshiwe.

Imithombo ukutheleleka ngoba abantu

Anthrax idluliselwa ku indoda, njengoba kuye kwashiwo, ngezindlela eziningi, futhi lokhu kuthinta zako emtholampilo. Ngaphambi ukuhlangabezana nabo, ake sibheke indlela umthombo ukutheleleka kungenzeka faka umzimba womuntu.

Imizila yokudlulisela yalesisifo kungenzeka lokhu okulandelayo:

• xhumana-yasendlini;
• air-uthuli;
• ukudla.

Ake sibheke ngalinye kulawa kabanzi.

Transmission ukutheleleka ngokuthintana okuvamile,

Njengoba udle kwathiwa unesifo "-anthrax" lwegciwane? indlela yokudlulisela ihlukile, kodwa ezivamile nje ezinye zazo. Ngokuvamile itheleleke:

• inakekelwa izilwane ezigulayo;
• uma kwakukhona contact nge uketshezi kusukela izilwane ezigulayo;
• nabo uboya, inyama kanye isikhumba kweziguli abameleli emhlabeni isilwane;
• ngenxa ukuxhumana izidumbu zezilwane;
• ukusetshenziswa kwemikhiqizo ngezinto angcolile, ezifana isikhumba noma izinwele.

Uma lokhu esangweni ukuhlaba zingene izifo ezithathelwanayo izilonda ezihlukahlukene ezihlala esikhumbeni. Uma lwegciwane singene ngaphakathi, kuleli qophelo kwakhiwa carbuncle ezungezwe nge Bubbles ketshezi. Skin okungukuthi emhlabeni, siyakhukhumala - ngakho kuthinta umthelela ushevu ezikhishwe igciwane. Yephula kwegazi legazi, okubangela edema nokufa ihlule.

Lwegciwane nekucala zanda ngokusebenzisa lymphatics lalingabulawa kalula ukungena egazini, bese kwamanye amathishu kanye nezinhlaka, kanjalo okubangela ukwehluleka kwabo kanye ukungasebenzi.

Ukungena komoya-uthuli yizifo ngokucindezela

Kodwa uphethwe "-anthrax" lwegciwane zidlulele kubantu, futhi ngomoya. Kulokhu, esangweni ngenxa Ukungena lengculaza ipheshana zokuphefumula. Impikiswano ngemva kokungenisa athunyelwa emaphashini. Ucala ukulwa izivikeli mzimba ngokumelene namagciwane, kwabe ezidudula ukuba-lymph, ogama msebenzi ukususa umzimba kusuka ejenti angaphandle.

Kodwa ezinhlamvu webhaktheriya futhi siqaphe futhi ohlelweni lymph ukubulala amasosha omzimba bese ngokukhululekile lingene egazini. Kube iqala inqubo ukwanda kwabo asebenzayo, ukukhiqiza ezinobuthi, okuyinto ukuletha umonakalo esindayo wonke umzimba.

Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi ezinsukwini ezingu-7 kwala magciwane zande ukuze izitsha ungami bese uqala opha. Igazi ukulahlekelwa kungenzeka iphazamise ukusebenza kwezitho eziningi ezibalulekile avame ebulalayo.

Ukudla ngendlela ukutheleleka

Sesixoxe ngezindlela ezimbili yokudlulisela anthrax, kodwa kukhona eyesithathu - ukudla. Lesifo kulokhu kwenzeka uma bedla inyama kwezilwane ezinegciwane emva ukwelashwa embi ukushisa. Gateway ngoba kwema- pathogen kulokhu ulwelwesi lwamafinyila yaleli pheshana emathunjini.

Ngemva ngegciwane enjalo avame kwenzeka lesion cecal. mucosa Its embozwe izilonda, bese uqala abune away. ezinhlamvu Amagcikwane kuthiwa uyiswa lymph node, nokuthuthukisa bacteremia.

Kancane kancane ukwandisa inani amagciwane ohlelweni lymph, futhi isiguli ascites futhi isimiso emathunjini.

Ngale ndlela ukutheleleka kuhilela kwezinye izimo ukuthuthukiswa zokugula ku oropharynx, umonakalo ke kungabonakala ifomu izilonda isikhumba emnyango emnyangweni.

izinhlobo isifo

Njengoba usulibonile, ngempela isifo esiyingozi - yalesisifo. ukudluliswa indlela ihlukile, futhi kuncike ke ukuthuthukisa izinhlobo ezithile zokugula:

1. Cutaneous. Wabuye has izinhlobo:

• karbunkuleznuyu;
• edematous;
• bullous.

2. Generalizovannnaya fomu. Kulokhu, kukhona:

• zinhlobo yamaphaphu;
• E .;
• ukonakala.

Njengoba sekushiwo, ukudluliswa indlela anthrax futhi ukucacisa uhlobo lesi sifo. Ngamunye ububonisa izimpawu zako kanye nemiphumela, sibheke kubo.

izifo Cutaneous Izimpawu

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi lesi sifo has a esifushane bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi, kungaba isikhathi eside kusukela amahora ambalwa kuya ezinsukwini ezimbalwa. Futhi akunandaba okuyinto agent causative anthrax, indlela yokudlulisela kubangela. Ubuningi amasonto amabili, lesi sifo iqala ukubonisa izimpawu zaso.

Ifomu cutaneous yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi. On the epidermis, endaweni lapho isifo osendlini, yakheke e uma liqhathaniswa nendawo ethile amamilimitha angu ambalwa nje ububanzi, ubomvu. Ngemva kwesikhashana kuba ithusi-bomvu futhi nezishiwo ngenhla isikhumba. Isisulu ngalesi sikhathi wokuhlupha ukulunywa futhi okuncane esivuthayo isasasa.

Ngemva kwamahora ambalwa kuphenduke papule ukuze vesicle okuqukethwe serous, lapho emva kwesikhashana igazi itholwa ukungcola konke ngokuhuheka. Uma isimila ecwaninga, le Ukuvutha vesicle futhi kukhona isifo ukuthi uye wasiphakamisela emaphethelweni. Ngokusho kwabo kukhona vesicles yesibili.

Kuthatha amasonto ambalwa, futhi maphakathi isilonda livela black utwayi, kancane kancane zandise izinto ngobukhulu. Kumiswa It is ngenxa izicubu necrosis waqala.

Isici esibalulekile salo lesi sifo ukulahlekelwa ukuzwa e koqweqwe emhlabeni kwakheka isiguqo ukuvuvukala umbala onsomi. Kanye azungeze livela edema, okuyinto ikakhulukazi liphinyiselwe ezindaweni izicubu ongama okuxekethile, ezifana ebusweni. By the way, kwasendaweni zokugula ebusweni kuyingozi ngempela, ngoba ukuvuvukala kungathinta ipheshana zokuphefumula futhi kubangele asphyxia nokufa.

At ekuqaleni (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yilona ejenti causative anthrax, izindlela yokudlulisela) izimpawu pathologies ezilandelayo:

1. izinga lokushisa emzimbeni okuphezulu.
2. ubuhlungu bekhanda.
3. Ukudakwa.
4. Ivela ukuqaqamba umzimba, ikakhulukazi esifundeni lumbar.

Phakathi isifo kungenziwa amisiwe carbuncles eziningana, inombolo yabo uyakwazi ukufinyelela 10. Anthrax (umzila yokudlulisela is hhayi ukudlala indima) kungaba kobukhulu nokulinganisela ezinzima. Uma izilonda ivele ekhanda, emqaleni nasemhlane, umlomo, lesi sifo singumbulali nzima futhi kukhona ingozi sepsis.

Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanele ukwelashwa predpolagate umphumela ngefomu cutaneous ka lesi sifo ngempela evumayo.

Symptomatology ifomu yamaphaphu

Sibheke izindlela of ukudluliselwa kwezifo umbendeni, kuhlanganise uthuli emoyeni, lapho eba lolu hlobo sifo. Ngemva kwesikhathi bayashintshana ekufukameleni izobanjelwa, omunye zingabuka izimpawu ejwayelekile ye lesion umgudu wokuphefumula. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka lokuqala isifo ikhombisa izimpawu ezilandelayo:

• ikhanda;
• ukucobeka jikelele;
• amehlo zamanzi;
• ubuhlungu bemisipha;
• ukukhwehlela kanye amakhala yisisu;
• tachycardia;
• iphika.

Ubude besikhathi ukubonakaliswa izimpawu ezinjalo kufikela kuzinsuku ezingu-2, bese lesi sifo ingena esigabeni yayo yesibili - iqala ukudakwa enamandla i umzimba, okuyinto livezwa lokushisa lenyuka laya ku 40-41 degrees. Ubuhlungu esifubeni, Ukugodola, ukukhwehlela, lapho isuka isikhwehlela okuxutshwe negazi.

Uma udokotela uyawalalela nesineke, kungaba kwesifuba wezwa, indawo enkulu onokuqundeka phezu emaphashini.

Esigabeni sesithathu asathuthuka ukwehluleka zenhliziyo, edema yamaphaphu futhi oliguria. ubude bayo - kufika emahoreni angu-12.

Kuleli fomu, ungakwazi futhi bathi amenable yokwelapha, uma uqala ngendlela esifike ngesikhathi.

Izenzo amafomu emathunjini

Lokhu ezihlukahlukene sifo kunzima ngempela, futhi kukhona ingozi enkulu ukuthi ukuphela ingaphumelelanga. Anthrax indlela yokudlulisela okuyinto sicabanga, kulesi simo lingena ngokusebenzisa leli pheshana emathunjini.

Isigaba sokuqala lesi sifo has a obuphelele encane - amahora angu-36 futhi ubukisa izici ezilandelayo:

• ikhanda;
• isiyezi;
• ubuhlungu emphinjeni;
• Ukugodola;
• ukushisa.

Lapho isigaba sokuqala indawo a yesibili, khona-ke ijoyina omunye ubuhlungu besisu, isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, kuxutshaniswe negazi, uhudo. I indle nazo streaks wegazi.

Isigaba sesithathu iyona ayingozi kakhulu - kuwukwanda decompensation inhliziyo. Iziguli uhlangabezana kokwesaba, ukukhathazeka livela. Umuntu uzuza umbala bluish-pink. Ngezinye izikhathi esikhumbeni kwakhiwa oluhambisana ngamawala. Esikhathini emathunjini inesikhala aqoqana uketshezi, okuholela ekwandeni esiswini.

inqubo ezithathelwanayo sanda kancane kancane futhi iziguli zingase zibhekane ukuhlukumeza ukugwinya, ukopha, ezinkingeni okwagcina kungaholela ekufeni.

Izimpawu ifomu ukonakala

Le ndlela isifo singakabi njengoba ezivamile futhi angagcina nje kokuthi kwakuyoba umphumela ukugeleza esindayo kwanoma iyiphi yezinye izinhlobo. Iqala kusukela lokuthi imbewu eletha-anthrax ubuthi bayo zenziwa aluka ngemithambo yegazi futhi kuthinte kwezicubu ezahlukene eziyishumi nemitshingo. Umthelela ongemuhle pathogen futhi imikhiqizo yayo umzimba kungaholela ukuthuthukiswa ukushaqeka ezithathelwanayo-anobuthi.

Iziguli leli fomu zokugula we zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukwanda lokushisa lomzimba kuya 41 degrees.
• Ukuphelelwa ngumoya.
• Chills.
• kwezimila ukhulise isilinganiso.
• Kukhona ubuhlungu esifubeni.
• Ukukhwehlela kanye phlegm negazi.
• Ubuhlungu besisu.
• Ukucanuzela kwenhliziyo nokuhlanza kwegazi.
• izigqiki Liquid futhi igazi.

Uma ungathathi izinyathelo esiphuthumayo, kungase zonke iphele izinyembezi.

uphethwe isifo

Ukushaya ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe, kubalulekile ukuba zidlule izigaba ezintathu:

1. luhlolo ezincane.
2. Ukuba Wedwa isiko lama-bacterium awusizo ngu inoculation isikhathi esiphakathi nendawo kanye izakhi.
3. Bioassays e izilwane zokucwaninga.

Uma kukhona i-anthrax lwegciwane ukudluliswa endleleni kumuntu lapho ethola ukuthi unesifo ayibalulekile. Ukuhlolwa kwegazi ongabonisa:

• Ukuncishiswa leukocyte.
• Yandisa lymphocyte.
• erythrocyte sedimentation izinga iyakhula.

Ukuze uthole ukusazi ngokunembile isifo esikuphethe ukuhlola izinto ezilandelayo:

• Igazi.
• carbuncle kokuqukethwe kanye vesicles.
• Thatha uqweqwe ehlukanisiwe.
• Lapho ifomu yamaphaphu ka isikhwehlela wahlola.
• Uma kukhona izinsolo ifomu emathunjini, ukuhlola sezinyawo nihlanze.

Izindlela ezisetshenziswa kakhulu futhi serological zokuxilonga, lezi zibandakanya: ukuphendula termopretsipitatsii ka Ascoli, Fluorescent ukuhlaziywa serological nabanye. Iziguli esolwa umbendeni, ukuchitha yokungezwani komzimba cutaneous uhlolo "Antraksinom".

Kuyadingeka ukuze sicacise ukuthi uma sicabangela iqiniso lokuthi anthrax isifo esiyingozi futhi bathelela nabanye, bonke izifundo ziqhutshwa laboratories ekhethekile ivaliwe.

Ukwelapha isifo

Sibheke izindlela yokudlulisela yalesisifo nokwelashwa kufanele futhi zihlolwe. Asiqale elashwe, okubandakanya izindlela ezilandelayo:

1. ukwelashwa ukumnika. Uma lokhu kwenzeka emthanjeni ukumnika izixazululo, lesekela nokuphelele cell ivolumu kanye uketshezi intracellular emzimbeni. I izixazululo kungenzeka wathela: colloidal ( "Poliglyukin"), crystalloid (isixazululo glucose solution, Ringer sika), imikhiqizo yegazi ( "albumin" plasma)
2. Ukuthola ama-antimicrobial. Akunikeze imithi, okuyinto igciwane ebucayi, avame izidakamizwa kusukela iqembu penicillins. Ukungabekezelelani "penicillin" uqoke:

• "Tetracycline".
• "Ciprofloxacin".
• "Levofloxacin".
• "Doxycycline".

• Uma lesi sifo siphela kanzima, wabe esesebenzisa steroid. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi ngokuphathelene amafomu ukonakala lesi sifo.

3. Isingeniso protivosibireyazvennogo immunoglobulin. Iqukethe amasosha omzimba ngomumo eyenziwe. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze udale amasosha omzimba kuya lwegciwane. immunoglobulin Iphathwe can kokubili ngezinjongo zokwelapha kanye nokuvinjelwa.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukwelashwa uyonika imiphumela emihle, uma isikhathi ukuxilongwa kanye therapy ezanele.

ekuvimbeleni izifo

Sibheke izindlela yokudlulisela yalesisifo zokuvimbela kuzonciphisa ingozi yokutheleleka. Lihlanganisa izinyathelo ezilandelayo:

• Ukugonywa zabantu abangase babe ingozi okusezingeni eliphezulu batheleleke.
• amasevisi Veterinary kufanele uhlole njalo ezifuywayo for nokuba khona lwegciwane.
• Kuphethe yokugoma izilwane.
• Abasebenzi basepulazini kufanele unikezwe izingubo ezivikelayo: buso, imijiva, amagilavu.
• Ukwenza umsebenzi we-control sanitary wezilwane phezu zokuthutha, isitoreji, ukucutshungulwa imikhiqizo inyama.
• Kuphethe imfundo impilo phakathi kwabantu.

Uma sicabangela izindlela anti-ubhubhane ezibakhathazayo:

1. Ukukhomba elinegciwane kusaqalwa.
2. Ukubhaliswa zonke izimo lesi sifo futhi umbiko kuziphathimandla ezifanele.
3. Ukuqala kokusetshenziswa ezokuthutha ezokuthutha ekhethekile, okuyinto ke kuncike magciwane.
4. esibhedlela ngesikhathi esifanele iziguli ezinegciwane.
5. Esibhedlela kuyinto isiguli kungenzeka kuphela ngemuva ukululama ephelele, lapho ukuhlolwa futhi izifundo ukuqinisekisa engekho lwegciwane.
6. abathwali ezithathelwanayo (inyama izilwane) kumele babhekane ekubhujisweni.
7. Thola lesi sifo ezilwaneni babahlukanisa ngendlela efanele usaqala.
8. I izidumbu zezilwane onesifo akufanele nje bangcwabe futhi eshisa.
9. Uma-anthrax umuntu efa, isidumbu sakhe zihambisana oilcloth, futhi phansi lomngcwabo wathela bleach.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi lesi sifo manje yivelakancane, amacala akhe e sezilwane ezifuyiwe nezasendle kuyagcinwa ngezikhathi ezithile, futhi umuntu ngamunye kufanele ukuthi iyiphi indlela yokudlulisela anthrax ukuba wenze okuningi ukuze bazivikele ezifweni. Uma une imfuyo, udinga umeme njalo odokotela bezilwane ngokuthatha ukuhlolwa kanye nokuhlolwa besikhumba saleso silwane. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze uphephe siqu.