Izinhlobo ze-necrosis, izimbangela, izimpawu, ukwelashwa nokuvimbela

Odokotela bavame ukubhekana nenkinga efana ne-necrosis. Izinhlobo, izimbangela kanye nokwelashwa kwalesi sifo zingabhekwa ngokuphepha esigabeni semininingwane yamanje yomphakathi wanamuhla. Phela, ngezimpawu ze-necrosis zamathiskhi namaseli, kunabantu abaningi ababhekene nazo. Futhi ngezinye izikhathi umphumela wenqubo enjalo kungaba umphumela obulalayo. Ngakho-ke, ukutadisha le nkinga kunengqondo.

Iyini i-necrosis?

Leli gama lisho i-necrosis yamaseli emzimbeni womuntu ekugcineni kwemisebenzi yabo. Okusho ukuthi umsebenzi obalulekile engxenyeni ethile yomzimba emva kokuqedwa kwezinqubo ze-necrotic akusekho.

Eqinisweni, zonke izinhlobo ze-necrosis zivela ngenxa yethonya le-stimulus eqinile kakhulu. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuvuthwa okubuthakathaka kuholela esimweni esinjalo. Kulesi simo, ukuchayeka kufanele kube isikhathi eside ukulimaza kakhulu. Njengesibonelo sokuthuthukiswa okuphuthumayo, kufanelekile ukuguqula i-dystrophy eguquguqukayo ibe ingenakuguqulwa. Le nqubo ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana ezibalulekile. Kuqondene ne-paranecrosis, lapho izinguquko zisengaguquguquki, i-necrobiosis (izinguquko azitholakali, kodwa amaseli asaphila) ne-necrosis, lapho ukuzolisa khona kwenzeka khona.

Ukuzimela ngokuzenzakalelayo kufanele kuqondwe njengeqiniso lokuzigaxa kwamathambo namaseli afa ngenxa yesenzo sezinyunyana ezithile. Eqinisweni, le nqubo iyadingeka kakhulu emzimbeni, ngoba yenza kube nokuphulukiswa okuphelele emva kwe-necrosis.

Umthelela wezinto ezihlukahlukene

Ukufunda lesi sihloko, kuyoba nengqondo ukulalela izici, ezingabangela izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-necrosis. Uhlu lwabo lufana nalokhu:

- Thermal. Umphumela wezinga lokushisa liwela ngezansi komaka ku -10 ° C noma lidlula izinga lika-60 ° C.

- Mechanical. Lezi yizinyembezi, ukucindezela, ukuchoboza.

- Ukujikeleza. Kungenxa yokuvimba igazi endaweni ethile yomzimba ngenxa yokuqothulwa kwesitsha noma ukuchitha isikhala eside. Umkhumbi ungaphinda uqine kakhulu noma uvinjelwe yi-thrombus. Akunakwenzeka ukukhipha umphumela we-tumor.

- Ugesi. Uma uxhumane namanje emzimbeni kungathinta ukushisa okubalulekile, okwenza i-necrosis yamaseli.

- Inobuthi. Izinhlobo ezithile ze-necrosis zingabangela ukuhlukaniswa kwamagciwane ezincane noma imiphumela yemikhiqizo yabo yomsebenzi obalulekile.

- Neurogenic. Ngenxa yokulimala emithonjeni yemisipha yomgogodla, izilonda ze-trophic zakhiwa.

- Amakhemikhali. Leli qembu lezici lihlanganisa umphumela wama-alkalis nama-acids. I-dissolve proteins yokuqala futhi ngaleyo ndlela ibangele i-necrosis eminyene yamanzi. Lokhu kudala kubangelwa ukugcoba kwama-protein futhi kuholele ekuthuthukiseni kwe-coagulation necrosis eyomile.

Njengoba ubona, isimo samaseli singathinteka yizinto ezihlukahlukene.

Izinhlobo ze-necrosis

I-necrosis yamathambo namaseli angazibonakalisa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Futhi umehluko ngezinye izikhathi kubalulekile. Nazi izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu ze-necrosis:

- I-Gangrene. Lona i-necrosis yezicubu ezihlangana nemvelo yangaphandle. Kungaba eyomile (coagulation necrosis) noma okumanzi (ukubhujiswa kwezicubu ezihlanganisiwe). Kukhona nefomu legesi ngenxa yemiphumela yezinambuzane ezincane ezenza ama-spore.

- Sequester. Le ndawo enesizalo, esesigxeni se-sequestral, ihlukaniswe namathiski enempilo futhi igcwele ipus.

- I-infarction. Ukufunda i-necrosis, incazelo, izinhlobo kanye nezici zesifo, leli fomu kufanele linikezwe ngokucophelela. Lesi yisayithi sesitho noma izicubu eziye zathola i-necrosis ngenxa yokuphelelwa kanzima kwegazi. Eqinisweni, sikhuluma nge-ischemia. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi i-necrosis ivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-ischemic.

- I-Wet, iphinde ihlanganiswe. Kule nkinga, engakwazi ukusebenza, izicubu ziyancibilika yizinsalela ze-putrefactive.

- I- necrosis eyomile (i-coagulation). Ukuthuthukiswa kwayo kusekelwe ekutheni amanzi aphelelwe amanzi futhi amaprotheni coagulation. Izicubu ngokwazo ziba zinyene, zinkimbinkimbi, zine-atrophic futhi zomile ngale ndlela ye-necrosis. Leli fomu kunzima ukwelashwa kwe-hydrolytic futhi kaningi kwenzeka ngaphansi kwezimo ze-aseptic.

Izinhlobo eziqondile nezingaqondile ze-necrosis

Ukucabangela i-necrosis, izimbangela, izibonakaliso, izinhlobo nezibonelo zalesi sifo, kufanelekile ukulalelisisa ukubonakaliswa okubili kwalenkinga, umehluko omkhulu okuyiyona ndlela yokwenzeka.

Okokuqala kulawa yi-necrosis eqondile. Kule nqubo, kuyimpawu ukuthi amaseli afela ngokuqondile endaweni lapho i-agent elimazayo yenza khona. Lokhu kungaba ukulimala kwamakhemikhali noma amakhemikhali, umphumela wamandla omswakama, amabhaktheriya, kanye nama-toxin awakhiqizayo. Lokhu kubandakanya i-necrosis ye-allergen kanye nalabo okulimala okuwumphumela wemiphumela ebulalayo ye-alkalis ne-acids egxile kakhulu.

I-necrosis engaqondile ibonakala ngendlela ehlukile. Umehluko oyinhloko yiqiniso lokuthi inqubo yezincuba kanye nokufa kweseli kungenzeka endaweni ethile ukusuka endaweni lapho ummeleli olimazayo enza khona. Lapha kunengqondo ukufaka izinhlobo ezinjalo ze-necrosis njenge-trophinoneurotic ne-vascular.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi lapho usemncane kunesimo esivamile esivamile sokulimala kwezicubu, okubangelwa ikakhulukazi emithonjeni yezinyosi kanye nezici ezihlukahlukene ze-microbial.

Imiphumela ye-apoptosis

Lokhu kuyindlela ekhethekile yokubonakaliswa kokubhujiswa kwamangqamuzana namathishu. Kubalulekile ukuyilalela, uma umgomo ukuqonda ukuthi iyiphi i-necrosis. I-Apoptosis, izinhlobo zokubhujiswa okukhulunywe ngenhla, ishiya eceleni ngenxa yephethini yayo engavamile yentuthuko. Okubalulekile ukuthi ukufa kweseli kulesi simo kwenzeka ngenxa yokusebenza kwamagciwane akhethekile ku-nucleus. Empeleni, ukuzibulala kwakhe kwenzeka. Akusekho umbuzo wethonya langaphandle, ukubhujiswa kuhlelwe ngumzimba ngokwawo.

Isizathu sokubandakanya izakhi zofuzo ze-apoptotic yi-activation ye-protopymic protein p53, ekwazi ukuvumelanisa nezici ezihlukahlukene kakhulu zemvelo ye-extracellular. Inqubo efanayo efana nayo ingaba nokuhlelwa kabusha kwezakhi zofuzo ezihlukahlukene.

Kusukela ku-necrosis evamile, i-apoptosis ihlukaniswa yiqiniso lokuthi inqubo ebhubhisayo iqala ngokushesha ku-nucleus yeseli, futhi kuphela lapho ukufa kwe-cytoplasm kuhleliwe. Ngendlela yeklasi, konke kwenzeka ngenye indlela: i-cytoplasm yisigaba sokuqala somonakalo, futhi i-nucleus iyona yokugcina.

Omunye umehluko wukuthi uma i-apoptosis ibulala amangqamuzana ahlukene emzimbeni wonke, kuyilapho i-necrosis evamile ibonisa inqwaba enkulu yokubhujiswa.

Izifo

Ulwazi mayelana nenkinga efana ne-necrosis (izigaba, izinhlobo, umphumela) ngeke zisebenzise kakhulu uma i-necrosis yamaseli noma amathishu engatholakali ngesikhathi. Ngakho-ke, isiphetho sesiguli sincike kakhulu ekuxilongweni kochwepheshe.

Uma kunezizathu zokusola i-necrosis yezitho zangaphakathi, kuzomele usebenzise lezi zindlela zokuhlola ezilandelayo:

- I-Radiography;

- i-MRI;

- ukuskena kwe-radioisotope;

- Computed tomography.

Ngenxa yalezi zindlela kunokwenzeka ukuthi kunqunywe ngokunembile usayizi nendawo yendawo ethintekile. Inhlolovo enjalo ibuye ikuvumele ukuba ubhale izinguquko eziyingozi kwisakhiwo sezingcuba bese unquma ngokunembile uhlobo lwesifo, kanye nesigaba saso.

Umphumela

Inkinga enjalo, njenge-necrosis yezicubu, ingaba nokuqedwa okuningana okunengqondo.

Eyokuqala yi-resorption yezicubu ze-necrotic, emva kwalokho ibuyiselwe ngokuphelele. Isibonelo ukuphulukiswa kwezindawo ezincane ze-necrosis esibindi noma esikhumbeni.

Ukucabangela i-necrosis, izigaba, izinhlobo, umphumela Futhi imiphumela yalesi sifo sonke, kuyadingeka ukuba unake iqiniso lokuthi ngezinye izikhathi inqubo yokufa kweseli iphetha nge-resorption ngokubunjwa kwesibalo. Kungaba isikhumba esikhumbeni ngemuva kokuchazwa kwezici ezishisayo noma zamakhemikhali, kanye nokulandelana kwezicubu zenhliziyo, ikakhulukazi uma i-infarction ye-myocardial idluliselwa.

Kwezinye izimo, inqubo yokubuyisela kabusha ingabangela ukwakheka kwe-cyst. Lokhu kuvame ukuvela ebuchosheni ngemuva kokushaywa ischemical okunesimo senhliziyo.

Esinye isiphumo se-necrosis sinqatshwa uhlobo lokuguqulwa kwamatshe noma ukuguquka. Esikhathini sokuqala, sisho inqubo yokwenqatshwa kwezitho noma izingxenye zayo. Isibonelo ukulahlekelwa kwezinzwane ezinezinyosi. Ukuphazamiseka kungase kwenzeke nase-epithelium emathunjini noma amaseli e-epidermal, ahlongakele.

Ukucaphuna nokufa okuphelele

Njengomphumela owengeziwe we-necrosis, kungenzeka ukucacisa ukufakwa kwe-process encapsulation. Lesi simo sesishukela siyabonakala lapho singenakwenzeka ukuxazulula noma ukuwenqaba. Umphumela onjalo unokwenzeka ngesifo sofuba.

Ifomu lokugcina nelinzima kakhulu ukuthi umphumela walesi sifo ungaba nokufa okuvamile. Isizathu sokuqedwa kwenqubo ye-necrosis kungaba uhlobo oluthile lwe-necrosis yi-factor etiologic Imiphumela - kusuka ekulimazeni kwamakhemikhali ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo.

Ukufa kwenyama yonke kungabandakanya izigaba ezimbili: imitholampilo kanye nemvelo. Esimweni sokuqala, inqubo ingabuyekezwa, ngethuba lesibili akukho mphumela omuhle - umoya uphelalala, umsebenzi wezinhliziyo uyanyamalala futhi ukuhamba kwegazi kuyayeka.

Isizathu sokufa emtholampilo kungaba ukulahleka kwegazi okukhulu, ukushaqeka nokucindezeleka.

Ukwelapha

Uma izinguquko ze-necrotic ezicukheni zitholwa, khona-ke izikhungo ezibhekene nezifo esibhedlela.

Ngokuvamile, ukufezekisa umphumela oyifunayo, ukuphathwa kwezidakamizwa kusetshenziselwa ukubuyisela ukugeleza kwegazi ezindaweni ezithintekayo zomzimba, kube yisitho noma izicubu. Uma kunesidingo, ukwelapha ukuxilongwa nge-detoxification noma ukuphathwa kwama-antibiotic kungenziwa.

Kwezinye izimo, okuwukuphela kwesilinganiso esifanele ukungenela okuhlinzayo, okufana nokungahambi kahle kwezicubu ezifile noma ukuxoshwa kwamalungu.

Kodwa kuye ngokuthi uhlobo lokuphathwa kwesifo lungaba kanjani umehluko omkhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu lwe-necrosis luyi- vascular, ludinga indlela ekhethekile, ngoba empeleni iyisifo senhliziyo.

Ukungenelela kokuhlinzwa

Endabeni yokuhlonza i-necrosis yesifuba esiningi kanye nemilenze ephazamisa kakhulu umsoco wamangqamuzana, i- lympho- kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi, kanye nokugcinwa kwegazi, i-necrotomy yenziwa. Lokhu kuyisisombululo sezicubu ezafa ngenxa yeqhwa, ukushisa nezinye izizathu. Ngesizo salo, ungadlulisa ngokushesha imfucumfucu emanzi ibe yomile.

Ukuziqhenya nokukhishwa okunjalo kwezicubu ezifile kuqhutshwa kuphela emva kokunquma imingcele ye-necrosis besebenzisa isisindo somshini. Lokhu kungaba ukuthinta ibhola lesensimbi, ithuluzi lokuhlinza noma inaliti ekhishwa esiveni.

Nge- gangrene eyomile, ngezinye izikhathi ukuhlinzwa kubambezeleka kuze kube yilapho izicubu zesifo sochungechunge sezikhishwa ngokuphelele. Ngokufanayo nalokhu, kubalulekile ukuqhuba i-prophylaxis efanelekayo ekuthuthukiseni imfucumfucu emanzi.

Ukuze ungabheki ukuxilongwa okunobungozi njenge-necrosis, kubalulekile ukuqala ukunakekelwa kokuvimbela ithonya lalezo zici ezingalimaza izicubu namaseli, ngaleyo ndlela zibangele inqubo ye-necrosis yabo.

Imiphumela

Ngemva kokucabangela izinhlobo ze-necrosis kuye ngezimbangela nezinye izici, kungaphetha ngokuthi lesi sifo siyingozi kakhulu futhi sidinga ukuxilongwa okusheshayo ngokushesha. Ngaphandle kokunakekelwa kochwepheshe, isimo siyoba nzima ukushintsha. Ngakho-ke, into engcono kakhulu engayenza ngezimpawu zokuqala ezibonisa i-necrosis ukuvakashela ngokushesha udokotela.