Macquarie - isiqhingi elwandle eliKhulu iPacific. Incazelo, isimo sezulu, izithombe

Macquarie Island (Engl Macquarie.) - endaweni encane izwe indawo 128 sq. km. Itholakala phakathi kwe-Australia ne-Antarctica engxenyeni eseningizimu-ntshonalanga ePacific Ocean. Le ndawo lwasendaweni surface ikamu homonymous yokhalo mlilo.

Amaphuzu esiphezulu sokuhlukanisa kokuphakama ezibhekwa upland Hamilton futhi Fletcher (mayelana 410 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle). Ubude side esiqhingini 34 km ukusuka enyakatho kuya eningizimu, has a ububanzi 5 km kanye nezici zayo Geological kukhona ngenxa yokuthi endaweni ukushayisana kuhlangana khona izingqimba zomhlaba ngenkathi ecindezela phezulu nje kusukela olwandle ingxenye encane uqweqwe wasolwandle. Futhi kwenzeka kanjalo esakha lesi siqhingi is ngokuyinhloko lavas basaltic futhi andesitic, kanye imikhiqizo ngokubhujiswa kwabo ngenxa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.

umsebenzi Seismic endaweni namanje eliphezulu kakhulu. Yingakho ukuze kuyiwe kwezinye izindawo avinjwe Macquarie Island. Kanjani ukuze uthole kule ngxenye yezwe, na? Nokho, yebo, nolwandle, breaking engaphezu kuka-1.5 ayizinkulungwane ukusuka esiqhingini Tasmania. Macquarie ngqo uhlela: 54 ° 37'S. w. futhi 158 ° 51 'e. d.

Umlando omncane

Kukhona kokuqagela olumayelana nokuvakasha kule ndawo ngo-basePolynesia ekhulwini 13-14, ndawo zesikhashana, kodwa kobufakazi bokuthi okwamanje ezitholakele.

Ngokusemthethweni, isiqhingi latholakala 1810. umkhumbi wase-Australia noKaputeyini F. Hasselboro wahlanganyela Whaling. Ngelinye ilanga izindiza eningizimu-ntshonalanga yePacific Ocean liyingxenye yezwe kutholwe ukuthi esikhathini esizayo futhi ngokuthi Macquarie. Lesi siqhingi sethiwa yaqanjwa ke Governor-Jikelele New South Wales Laklana Makkuori.

Okwamanje, le ndawo engaphansi kwe-Australia, ekubeni iphuzu yayo kakhulu eningizimu ye zwekazi likhulu lwekuphatfwa ngalokuyimphumelelo ingxenye State of Tasmania. Nokho, kwaba khona isikhathi lapho Russia bazifunela kuso. Kwathi ngemva kokuvakashela isiqhingi 1820, Russian uhambo lokuqala Antarctic eholwa Bellingshausen.

Ngo-1948 kwabonakala esiteshini Meteorological. It wadalwa Australia. Injongo eyinhloko esiteshini - ekutadisheni lase-Antarctica. Kusukela ngonyaka ka-1978, Macquarie - isiqhingi, okuyinto ngokusemthethweni unikezwa isimo esiqiwini. Futhi cishe ngemva kweminyaka engu-20, kusukela ngo-1997, endaweni ngaphansi ukuvikeleka uthethe ukuhlonywa kwe-UNESCO ngezinga lomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lesi siqhingi sinamabandla eziningi izici Geological futhi zemvelo eziyingqayizivele.

Isimo sezulu

Ngokuthi esiqhingini resort kunzima kakhulu, njengoba izimo sezulu sendawo, ukusho okungenani, ungakhululekile. izimvula njalo, imimoya enamandla, izinga lokushisa ongaphakeme - yilokhu ezokwenzeka kubantu abaye wavakashela isiqhingi Macquarie. Isimo sezulu ubuswa zinomswakama sub-Antarctic. Kusho ukuthini lokhu? Okokuqala, ngokushesha umoya inhlama, ngokwanele abandayo. Njengomthetho, umoya cishe akagcini unyaka wonke. Isilinganiso air lokushisa - mayelana +5 ° C (akukho umehluko kakhulu ehlobo nasebusika).

Kwezulu yonyaka ngokuvamile mayelana 1000 mm. Bayakhothama ngesimo Ukukhemezela unyaka wonke. Ngokuvamile kukhona fogs phezu siqhingi kwelanga lapha isivakashi ezingavamile.

izwe yemifino

Macquarie - isiqhingi lapho cishe azikho izimila. Lindela ukwehluka akudingekile, njengoba kukhona ezikhulayo kuphela izinhlobo ezimbalwa utshani: ikakhulukazi sedge, kanye sendawo Macquarie iklabishi. Emanzini asogwini we izimila zasolwandle evamile ensundu.

Ophila esiqhingini emva kwakhe?

Nezilwane zomhlaba siqhingi enezici ezingaphezu kuka simila. Luhlelo lolukhulu lwa kakhulu koloni lapha penguins, okuyinto amelwa 4 izinhlobo eziyinhloko: yesigodlo, imbongolo, Gentoo kanye sekuphenduke umkhuba. inani lawo iseduze 4 million, kanye nobukhulu imiphakathi ngabanye zokhahlamba kusuka ngabanye ayizinkulungwane 500 nemibhangqwana 200. Penguin Macquarie (Schlegel) kubanga kuphela kulesi siqhingi, kodwa abadala bachitha isikhathi esiningi kakhulu olwandle, zidla izinhlanzi ezincane, krill futhi zooplankton. Sahlala ogwini indlovu zamanzi, zamanzi ezinoboya, izimvu zamanzi. Ukuze zizalela oyikhethile kulezi zindawo albatross, petrels, cormorants, skuas kanye tern Antarctic. Macquarie - isiqhingi, esogwini evame imikhomo, ikakhulukazi ebusika. Kulezo zindawo lapho kukhona okuningi ulwelwe zingatholakala non-target kwezinhlobo zezinhlanzi ukuthi ukubutha lapha nemihlambi emikhulu.

Ukuthi bangabavumbululi esiqhingini ngesikhathi walethwa lapha amakati nonogwaja eyaba nomthelela omubi kwezemvelo wendawo. Kakade ngawo-1890, sinyamalale ngokuphelele zezinyoni ezingavamile upholi jumping Macquarie ophilayo lapha kuphela. Ngaphansi usongo kwenzakala izinyoni lokushutheka nezitshalo. Kuphela ngekhulu xxi, abavikeli yasendle wakwazi isiqhingi sisuka angaphandle kuye njengabafokazi, futhi manje akukho amakati noma onogwaja kwesokunxele.

labantu

Zabantu ososayensi e nenani abantu 25-40 kuphela lihlale endaweni. Zisebenza esiteshini Meteorological Macquarie Island indlela iwashi. Lesi sakhiwo Itholakala enyakatho yesiqhingi. Ukuze abasebenzi lapha ezakhiwa izakhiwo zokuhlala kanye izakhiwo. Ngokusemthethweni, isiqhingi ivaliwe izivakashi.