I-nehrosclerosis yezinso ("izinso ezinamanzi"): izimbangela, izimpawu, izimpawu, ukuxilongwa kanye nokwelashwa

Isifo esinjalo, njenge-nephrosclerosis, sasihlala isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokudokotela. Kuze kube ngekhulu le-19, kwakungekho incazelo ephelele yalo. Waqala ukubheka njengesifo sokuzimela kuphela eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kamuva, lapho kuvela ulwazi mayelana ne-etiology. Lesi sifo sasihlotshaniswa nomonakalo ezithweni ezithintekayo ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwabo yi-cholesterol. Isibikezelo sakhe asihlali ngaso sonke isikhathi. Iziguli eziningi ngemuva kokwelashwa kufanele zibhekane nezinkinga ezinjengokuphuphutheka, ukungasebenzi kahle kwe-ventricular. Ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza komzimba, ezimweni ezinjalo, ukuhlanzwa okusheshayo kwegazi ngendlela yokufakelwa kuyadingeka.

Ukubhekisela kwe-Anatomical: i-nephrosclerosis yezinso

Kuyini? Lesi sifo, lapho izici ezisebenzayo zelungu (parenchyma) zithathwa yizicubu ezixhunyiwe. Lezi zinsuku zidlala indima yohlobo lokungathathi hlangothi, kodwa aluhambisani nemisebenzi eyisisekelo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi yiyiphi inqubo ye-pathological, kubalulekile ukuphendukela ekubhekisweni kwezinto eziphilayo.

Izinso ziyilungu elihlangene, elibunjwa njengebhontshisi. Ingxenye yayo eyinhloko yi-parenchyma, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umchamo. Okunye okubalulekile yi-calyxes kanye ne-pelvis, ekhombisa isimiso sonke sokuqoqa nokuphuma komchamo. Ukuhlunga kwenziwa nge-nephrons we-parenchyma. Zonke izinso zihlangene nenethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe yezitsha ezincane ezithatha kusuka kumthamo omkhulu.

Izinso zenza imisebenzi eminingi, phakathi kwazo yiziphi:

• Ukwenziwa kwe-renin - into echaphazela isimo sezindonga zegazi;
• Ukuqedwa kwezinto eziyingozi emzimbeni;
• Ukugcina izinga elithile le-asidi;
• Ukukhiqizwa kwe-erythropoietin, okuthinta ngokuqondile inqubo ye-hematopoiesis.

Lokhu kusebenza okuningi kwezinso akusivumeli ukungabazi ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani emsebenzini wenyama yonke. Ngakho-ke, noma yiziphi izinqubo zokwelashwa kule ndawo zingathinta kakhulu isimo sempilo yabantu.

I-nehrosclerosis yezinso - iyini?

Lena inqubo yokuguqulwa okulandelanayo kwe-renteryma ye-renal enezicubu ezixhumeneyo, okubangela ukwehla (ukuchofoza) kobukhulu besigungu nokunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo. Uma kungekho ukwelashwa, ukuphela okuphelele komsebenzi kungase kwenzeke.

Ngaphambilini kwakukholelwa ukuthi imbangela enkulu yalesi sifo yi-glomerulonephritis. Namuhla, odokotela bahlaziye leli phuzu ngokukhomba isifo sikashukela kanye nomfutho wegazi ophezulu njengabaxhasi abakhulu.

Ngendlela yokuthuthukiswa, i-nephrosclerosis eyinhloko neyesibili yezinso ihlukile. Yonke yezinhlobo zesifo isinezinto ezidingekayo zokuvela, kanye nezici zesici. Kulolu daba kubalulekile ukuhlala ngokuningiliziwe.

I-nephrosclerosis eyinhloko

Ifomu eliyisisekelo lesi sifo liba nomphumela wokuphazanyiswa ekusebenzeni kwemithambo yegazi, ukunciphisa ingxenye yokusebenza yomthamo we-artery. Umphumela we-ischemia iningi lokuhlaselwa kwenhliziyo kanye nezibazi. Enye imbangela yenqubo yokwelashwa ingabhekwa njengenguquko ehlobene neminyaka, uma iholela ekujuleni kwegazi eliyingozi.

I-nephrosclerosis eyinhloko inezinhlobo ezimbalwa: i-atherosclerotic, i-hypertonic, i-involutive. Esimweni sokuqala, imbangela eyinhloko yokwehlukaniswa kwemikhumbi ibeka phansi ezindongeni zazo ezinamafutha. Ngenxa yalokho, i-lumen iyancipha, okubandakanya izinso ischemia. Ingxenyeni yelungu iba amaqhinga, futhi izibazi zesimo esingavamile zibonakala kalula kuwo. Loluhlobo lwempilo lubhekwa njengesiphephelo.

I-nephrosclerosis ye-hypertensive ukubonakaliswa kwe-vasospasm enamandla, ebangelwa yisifo esifanayo. Umphumela wenqubo ye-pathological ukunciphisa imishanguzo kanye ne-ischemia enzima. I-hypertensive ye-nephrosclerosis yezinso ingaba yinhle futhi iyingozi.

Uhlobo oluthile lwesifo luhlobene nezinguquko ezihlobene nobudala. Isibonelo, emva kweminyaka engama-50, abantu abaningi emadongeni emithambo yegazi baqala ukuqoqa i-calcium, okusiza ukunciphisa ukukhanya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kuneminyaka yobudala ukuthi i-atrophy yezinto zokuvuthwa kwe-urinary canaliculus ibonakala. Ngakho-ke, ukusebenza komzimba kuyawa.

I-nephrosclerosis yesibili

I-nephrosclerosis yesibili iqala ngokumelene nesimo senqubo yokuvuvukala kanye / noma ye-dystrophic eyenzeka ezinso. Izimbangela zenqubo ye-pathological zingaba izifunda ezahlukene kanye nezinkinga:

1. Sikashukela. Ukwandisa amazinga kashukela egazi kwenza kube nezinguquko ezindongeni zemithambo yegazi. Ziba denser futhi zivule, kodwa ukugoqa kuyanda. Ngenxa yalokho, amaprotheni angena egazini, okwandisa i-coagulability ukukhokhela lesi sifo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lamanje linciphisa phansi, okuholela ekunqothulweni kwezinso nje, kodwa nezinye izitho.
2. I-glomerulonephritis engapheliyo. Ngalesi sifo, ama-immune complexes awawa, kodwa awe ngqo ezintsheni. Zilimaza izibilini zezinto ezise-glomeruli. Ukukhokhela izinqubo eziqhubekayo, ukuhlanganiswa kwezinto ezandisa ukwanda kwe-thrombogenesis kuqala.
3. I-Pyelonephritis. Lesi sifo sihambisana nokungena komfula webhaktheriya ku-glomeruli ne-tubulus ye-renal, lapho ifomu le-thrombi likhona khona. Kuzo zonke izikhathi zihlanganisa i-leukocyte. Ngemuva kokubuyiselwa ezindaweni ezonakalisiwe, izibazi noma ifomu le-abscesses.
4. Urolithiasis. Uma umchamo ukhona, amabhaktheriya aqala ukuphindaphinda kuwo. Uma kwenzeka umchamo we-urter, i-pathogenic flora ingalimaza izindonga zangaphakathi zamatululini omchamo.
5. I-Lupus Erythematosus. Lesi sifo sesimiso sibonakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwama-immune complexes, okungaqala ukuhlaselwa kwezitho zabo siqu.
6. I-Nephropathy yabesifazane abakhulelwe. Ngesikhathi sokubeletha kwengane, isimiso se-hormonal sowesifazane sibhekana nezinguquko, lokhu kuholela ekuhlulekeni okuhlukahlukene. Enye yalezi ziphazamiso yi-capillaries ye-spasmodic. Ngenxa yalokho, ukucindezeleka kwegazi kuphakama, futhi ukunikezwa kwegazi ezinso kuphazanyiswa. Owesifazane uqala ukuvuvukala, futhi ama-nephron aqala ukufa.

Njengoba kunikezwe ulwazi olunikeziwe, iziphetho eziningana zingadonselwa. I-nephrosclerosis yezinso eziyinhloko ngokuvamile iqala ngokumelene nengxenyana yokuphazamiseka kwegazi emzimbeni. Indlela yesibili yenqubo yokwelashwa ngokuvamile ilandelwa ukuphazamiseka okulimazayo-okulimazayo.

Ngokwehlukana, kufanele kuqashelwe iqembu lama-factor provocateurs, kusukela ekuthekisweni okukhulu kwesifo. Okokuqala, ukuhlukumeza utshwala kanye nezithasiselo zokudla, ukubhema, ukusetshenziswa okungalawulwa kwemithi. Ukuphila ngokwemvelo kanye nezifo ezithathelwanayo kwandisa ingozi yokuthuthukisa i-nephrosclerosis. Ngakho-ke, isilinganiso esiyinhloko sokuvimbela kwawo ukuqedwa kwalezi zici.

Izinyathelo zokuthuthukiswa kwesifo

Izinhlobonhlobo zezicubu zezinso ziyafa kancane kancane, ngakho-ke lesi sifo siqala ngezigaba. Esigabeni sokuqala kukhona isithombe esibangelwa isifo esithile esashukumisa inqubo ye-sclerotic. Lesi yisigaba sokuqala se-nephrosclerosis yezinso. Lokho okusongela isiguli, kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi ngabe ungayinaki yini ukwelashwa okwenziwe udokotela.

Isigaba esilandelayo ukufa kwezingubo ze-nephron, ukushintshwa kwazo ngezicubu ezixhunyiwe. Inqubo yokwelapha iholela ekwenzeni ukuhluleka kwenqunu, okuqhubekayo ngezigaba.

Okokuqala, kukhona ukwehla kwamandla okusebenza nokulimala kwenhlalakahle jikelele emva kokusebenza ngokomzimba. Ngezinye izikhathi i-polyuria iqala. Isiguli singase sihlukunyezwe ukoma okunamandla, umuzwa womile emlonyeni. Esikhathini esilandelayo, umfutho wegazi ophakeme uhlala, ongalokothi ubolekise imiphumela yemithi. Iziguli zikhathazekile ngekhanda elibi, isicanucanu. Uma isiguli sinqunywe ukudla okuqinile e-nephrosclerosis yezinso ngesikhathi esifanele, kanye nokwelapha izidakamizwa, zonke izimpawu ezingathandeki ziyophela ngokushesha.

Isigaba sesithathu senqubo yokwelapha sibonakala ukungabi nesifiso, ubuthakathaka obuqinile. Umuntu onjalo ubonakala sengathi ungumlutha wezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane. Ngokumelene nesimiso sokoma njalo, ivolumu yomchamo ekhishwe yanciphisa kakhulu. Isikhumba siba ngumthunzi obala obala. Esigabeni sesine, umchamo awusoze waxoshwa. Ukuphuza ngokweqile kukhula ngokushesha, inqubo yokweqa igazi iphazamiseka. Kulesi sigaba, izinguquko ezibhalwe phansi azivumelekile.

Isithombe somtholampilo

I-Nephrosclerosis, eyaziwa nangokuthi "izinso ezinamaqabunga," kunzima ukuyiqonda ezinyathelweni zokuqala, ngoba azikho izimpawu zesici. Isiguli asizizwa singakhululekile ngesikhathi esisodwa. Kuphela uma ukhuluma nodokotela nezinye izikhalazo nangemva kokuhlolwa kokuxilongwa, kungenzeka ukuthi ubone izinqubo ezingavamile.

Uma lesi sifo sithola uhlamvu oluzinzile, izimpawu zalo ezilandelayo zivela:

• Ukuvuvukala ebusweni nasemaphethelweni;
• Inombolo yezikhalo zokuvuthwa zikhuphuka, kodwa umthamo we-urine ukhishwe unciphisa;
• Ubuhlungu ehlane elingezansi;
• Ukoma okunamandla;
• Umfutho wegazi ophezulu;
• Ukukhathala, ukukhathala;
• Ukushaya isikhumba.

Izimpawu ezibhalwe ohlwini lwe-nephrosclerosis yezinso kumele kube yisizathu sokuthola ukuhlolwa okujulile kwezokwelapha. Ngemuva kokuthola imiphumela yalo ungaqala ukwelapha.

Ukuxilongwa okunzima kwezifo zezinso

Izici ezingenasici zalesi sifo zinzima kakhulu ukuxilongwa. Ngokuvamile imibuzo enjalo isetshenziselwa izikhungo ezikhethekile zezinkanyezi. Napha futhi, izinqubo ezihlukahlukene zokuhlinzekwa komzimba zenziwa .

Uma usola isifo, kufanele ufune usizo kulesi sikhungo noma uchwepheshe wendawo. Lo mfundi, ngemuva kokufunda isithombe esitholakala emtholampilo, anganikeza isiqondiso kumchwepheshe omncane.

Ukuxilongwa kwesifo kuqala ngokutadisha izikhalazo zesiguli, umlando wakhe nokuhlolwa komzimba. Uma kuxoxwa, isazi sezinzwa singase siphinde sibe nesibindi esiswini. Lezi zindlela ezingenhla zivumela ukuba sibheke ukuhlolisiswa kwangaphambili futhi sichaze ezinye izindlela zokuhlola.

Esikhathini esilandelayo, isiguli sinikezwa ukuhlolwa kwelabhorethri. Isibonelo, i-blood biochemistry ingase ikhombise izimpawu ezilandelayo zokusebenza komuntu ongasebenzi kahle:

• Khulisa urea, creatinine;
• Ukunciphisa okuqukethwe okulinganiselwe kwamaprotheni;
• Nciphisa potassium, futhi ukwanda kwe-phosphorus ne-magnesium.

Ekuhlaziyweni komchamo, amaprotheni nama-erythrocyte atholakala, kodwa ubukhulu bawo buyancipha kakhulu. Lapho uhlola ukuhlolwa kwegazi, kuvela ukuthi izinga lamaplatelet ne-hemoglobin liyancipha, futhi okuqukethwe okwanele kwama-leukocyte kwanda.

Ukuze uhlolwe ngokwengeziwe umsebenzi weziphathimandla, sebenzisa izindlela zokwenza iziguli ezihlolwe nge-nephrosclerosis. I-ultrasound yezinso, isibonelo, ivumela umuntu ukuthi ahlole usayizi wabo kanye nesimo se-cortex. I-urography ekhethiwe. I-Angiography inikeza umfanekiso ophelele wesimo sezimpahla esithombeni esithintekile.

Ngokusekelwe emibhalweni yokuhlolwa, udokotela uqinisekisa noma aphikisana nokuhlolwa kokuqala, wenza izincomo zokwelashwa okwengeziwe.

Ukusetshenziswa kwemithi

Ukwelashwa kwalesi sifo kwenziwa ezikhungweni ezikhethekile zezinkanyezi. Iyancishiswa ukuqeda i-main factor-provocateur. Imizamo yokubuyisela umsebenzi wezinso olahlekile ngaphandle kwesinyathelo sokuqala ngokuvamile ayize.

Ukwelashwa kuhlale kunzima futhi kunesikhathi eside. Kuye ngesithombe somtholampilo kanye nesimo jikelele sesiguli, imithi elandelayo ingadingeka:

1. Ama-anticoagulants ("i-Heparin") ekuvimbeleni ama-clots wegazi.
2. Izidakamizwa zokunciphisa ukucindezelwa kwegazi.
3. ACE inhibitors ("Diroton", "Berlipril") yokwandiswa kwemithwalo yegazi yezinso.
4. Izidakamizwa ezisusa uketshezi okwedlulele emzimbeni.
5. Ukugqugquzela ukwandiswa kwemithambo yegazi, abaphikisi be-calcium ("Falipamil").
6. Izakhiwo ezihlukahlukene ze-Polyvitaminic.

Ngezinye izinkinga ngenxa yokukhubazeka kwezinso, izidakamizwa zikhethwe ngabanye.

Ukungenelela kokusebenza

Esikhathini sesigaba sesishiyagalolunye senqubo yokwelashwa, imithi ngokuvamile ayisebenzi. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isiguli siboniswa i-hemodialysis noma ukufakelwa kwezinso zezinso. Okuyinhloko yenqubo yokuqala kuncishiswe ekuhlanjululeni kwegazi kusuka ezintweni ezinobuthi. Kulokhu, isihlungi esikhethekile sezinso sezinso sisetshenziswa. I-periodicity ye-hemodialysis inqunywa isimo sesiguli, izinga lokuqina kwenqubo ye-pathological. Inqubo kumele ihambisane nokuphathwa kwezidakamizwa.

Ukwelashwa okuphathelene nokuhlinzwa kuhilela ukufakelwa kwezinso zezinso. Lokhu kungenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zokusebenza, lapho isitho singasuswa kokubili kumuntu ophilayo, nasesidumbu. Ngesikhathi sokuphumula, isiguli sinikezwa imishanguzo eqinile nokuphumula okuphelele.

Izici zokudla

Ukwengeza okuhle kakhulu ekwenzeni ukwelashwa ukugcina ukudla okuqinile. Ukondleka kwe-nephrosclerosis yezinso kukhethwe udokotela ngesiguli ngasinye ngabanye. Ngokuvamile, lezi zimiso ezilandelayo ziyabonakala:

1. Ukuvinjelwa kokudla kwamaprotheni. Kulesi simo, awukwazi ukuyilahla ngokuphelele. Uma ukhetha ukudla kwamaprotheni, ukhetho kufanele lunikezwe inyama, izinkukhu, izinhlanzi nemikhiqizo yobisi. Amazambane, okusanhlamvu nesinkwa kubalulekile ukuqeda ngokuphelele ekudleni.
2. Ukudla kumele kufaka phakathi ukudla okulwandle, kepha akufanele kusetshenziswe kabi ngenxa yezinga eliphezulu le-phosphorus.
3. Ukuvinjelwa kokusetshenziswa kosawoti etafuleni. Uma kunoma yikuphi ukubonisana, isazi sezinkanyezi sizosho ukuthi ngezigaba ezingu-1-2, kufike ku-15 amagremu kasawoti ngosuku, futhi ngo-3-4, lesi sinani sinqunywe isigamu. Kwenqabe ngokuphelele le spice ayikwazi, ngoba amathuba okukhulelwa kwamanzi ayanda.
4. Qinisekisa ukufaka ekudleni kokudla okune-potassium. Ngokwesibonelo, ubhanana, ama-apricot omisiwe, omisiwe.
5. Ukudla kufanele kube nokulinganisela ngangokunokwenzeka, kuqukethe inani elidingekayo lama-calories namavithamini.

Ukudla okunjalo, iziguli eziningi ziphoqeleka ukuba zihambisane nokuphela kokuphila.

Isibikezelo

I-nehrosclerosis yezinso yisifo esingapheliyo. Ezingeni zokuqala zentuthuko yayo, kungenzeka ukugcina imisebenzi yezinhlaka, kodwa lokhu kuyadingeka ukuba ulandele izincomo zikadokotela futhi uhambisane nemingcele ethile. Isibonelo, iziguli ezixilongwa lokhu kubalulekile ukunciphisa ukudla kwetafula usawoti, ziqaphele njalo i-calcium ne-phosphorus egazini. Ngokwenyuka komzimba ngamunye kudingekile ukufaka isicelo sosizo lwezokwelapha kanye nesikhathi ngasinye sokudlula ukwelashwa.

Ukwambula esiteji 3-4th 'izinkontileka izinso "kudinga indlela ahluke kancane. Kulokhu, zonke ukulinganiselwa zethu kuqine kakhulu. Buyisela elahlekile isitho izicubu engasakwazi. Ngakho-ke, ezimweni ezinjalo, ayikho indlela yokuyelapha ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza nephrons asele. Kwesinye isikhathi lokhu akwanele.