Ukuze ionic futhi incazelo yalo

ukuze ionic ingenye oda ezintathu eminingi yasendulo yesiGreki. Ngakho, ke ihlukile Doric, esadaleka phambi Ionian, inkululeko enkulu ekukhethweni kuka olinganise, kanye nokuntuleka izingxenye ezingakenziwa kusukela ngaphansi decor. Abakhi yaseGrisi yasendulo walithanda oda ionic, futhi wayekubheka njengelungelo "abesifazane" ngenxa ubunkimbinkimbi kanye eziningi ubucwebe.

The main lolwehlukanisa le ionic oda yezakhiwo - design izihloko ezithile. Capital siqukethe volutes amabili ziyalingana (volute - zinyakaze ku umumo Kuvunguza nge circle encane phakathi nendawo).

Isikhathi esiqondile nendawo ukwakhiwa kwalesi ionic amakholomu ayaziwa, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi phakathi nekhulu lesithupha BC futhi ugu olusenyakatho ye-Asia Minor , ngokulandelana. Isakhiwo ezinkulu kuqala kakhulu, lapho esetshenziswa ionic amakholomu kwaba ithempeli ku Samos, eyakhiwe ozinikele Roikosom unkulunkulukazi Gueret. Ngeshwa, ngemva kwesikhathi esithile lo thempeli labhujiswa komhlaba.

Futhi ithempeli lika-Arthemisi e-Efesu ngokwabantu, nalo ionic oda, njengoba wazi, iye waqaphela njengesinye sezimangaliso zomhlaba. Nokho, akazange aphile ngokuvumelana izinsuku zethu.

ukuze ionic kunezici ezimbili ezingafani: elisophahleni nase-Asia Minor. Eshiya samuntu Minor, lapho frieze alikho, ezibhekwa njengezincwadi yokuqala, elisophahleni ngokuvamile njengenkulumo enye ehlukile, futhi ukuguqulwa kuphela, ukulungiswa banded.

Ikholomu ngokuvumelana nezimiso wokwakha ionic yizinqamu ezintathu: inhlokodolobha, umgqomo futhi base. Kumila, njengoba umthetho, kusekelwe ibhodi square ebizwa ngokuthi skirtings. Isigamu-imiphini (imiphini ngamzali munye babembiza ngokuthi ayizindunduma base ilungu) ahlotshiswe umhlobiso futhi anemifantu ovundlile. skotsii ngilugweda ngokuvamile kwesokunxele bushelelezi.

Njengoba sekushiwo, isici esiyinhloko oda ionic - volutes amabili izihloko. On the olungaphambili lwesonto kukhona volute curls ezinhlangothini le volute esifanayo exhunywe kwi-balyustrami okuthiwa, okuyinto zifana kakhulu zale miqulu. Uma volute okuqala ayengelona kuphela indiza eyodwa, base kwakumelwe benze konke ezine, ngenhlanhla, ukulondolozwa ionic oda kusuka ukugxekwa, owawuthi phezulu ikholomu kufanele ibukeke okufanayo kuzo zonke izinhlangothi - ke wayedabuka ku Doric, kodwa hhayi ngokushesha avele ukuze ionic.

Cutting owawuvame ehlotshisiwe ovami (kusuka lesiGreki futhi lesiLatini elisho ukuthi "qanda"). Lokhu Iqanda emise izakhi okuhlobisa ku ikholomu futhi enye ngemicibisholo ezahlukene, kanye namahlamvu. Inombolo ngokubethwa kwemitshingo nezinye izinsimbi (umtshingo - a umshushuluzo mpo Scape) kushintsha njalo ngokulandelana ionic, kodwa wagcina eseyekile ngu 24. Lokhu value sathathwa ngesizathu: inombolo ngokubethwa kwemitshingo nezinye izinsimbi kalula kungenzeka uphucwe Ingxenye ububanzi ikholomu kanye umtshingo, ngisho noma ikholomu ukuphakama ibilokhu ngasizathu simbe is overstated.

Uma ubona amakholomu amabili, ionic futhi Doric, uyobe ngokushesha uqaphela ukuthi sleeker ubukeka ionic oda. Ukwakha kusekelwe imithetho eyisisekelo: ikholomu ukuphakama kumele okungenani eziyisishiyagalombili noma abayisishiyagalolunye diameters yayo. Yingakho lolu hlobo oda ihlukile ubuhle obunjalo.