Ithempeli Lika-Arthemisi e-Efesu

Ithempeli Lika-Arthemisi e-Efesu ngokwabantu, isithombe zazo namuhla amelela amakholomu ambalwa nje, kubhekwe esinye sezimangaliso zezwe lasendulo.
Ngokusho yetinsita-Arthemisi - udadewabo lomthala Apollo - anakekela izilwane nezitshalo anakekela imfuyo nezilwane zasendle, kungabangela ukukhula wethu ngezihlahla, izimbali nezihlahla. Ningazishiyi zodwa zichayeke ke ukuba bawanake nabantu, ubanika injabulo umndeni nesibusiso ukuba babe nezingane. Abesifazane bavame alethwe isisulu sakhe njengoba ube ngumsizi wabaningi, ukuzala.

Ithempeli lokuqala lika-Arthemisi yakhiwa kuleli kwelesithupha BC leminyaka edolobheni Greek-Efesu, ngubani manje esifundazweni Turkish Izmir. Phakathi nekhulu lesine leminyaka BC kwashiswa Gyrostat, labuye lakhiwa futhi futhi wabhubhisa namaqaba Gothic.

Ithempeli Lika-Arthemisi wema kusayithi kukhona endaweni lonkulunkulukazi engcwele Carian, njengomvikeli okuzala. Izimali i-ukwakhiwa kwalo eyanikelwa edumile Lydian yinkosi uCroesus ocebile, izimpawu zazo namanje walondoloza phezu kwezisekelo amakholomu, futhi lo msebenzi, ngokuvumelana uStrabo, ke kwadalwa wezakhiwo Hersifronom kusukela Knossos. Lapho-ke kwamiswa emphemeni futhi udonga, futhi lapho efa, ukwakhiwa waqhubeka indodana yakhe, ngemva - abakhi ka Demeter futhi peons.

A elikhulu elimhlophe itshe ithempeli lika-Arthemisi kwathathelwa bazisa futhi ukumangala. ulwazi olungenaphutha ngemithi kwathiwa ehlotshisiwe kahle indlela ngaphakathi, hhayi esekhona. Esikwaziyo ukuthi umhlobiso sculptural ka esinye sezimangaliso zomhlaba zamandulo amakhosi engcono, futhi esifanekisweni unkulunkulukazi lenziwa lendlovu nangegolide.

Le ndawo engcwele ayengasetshenziselwa nje ezinkonzweni zenkolo kanye nemikhosi, ke cishe ngokushesha kwaba ibhizinisi futhi isikhungo sezimali ka emzini wase-Efesu. Ngesikhathi begijima kuphela ibhodi zabapristi, wayengumuntu cishe esizimele neziphathimandla zedolobha.

Ngo 356 BC, ngobusuku Aleksandr Makedonsky wazalwa, Herostrat ize zokufuna udumo, umlilo lo ithempeli elihle kakhulu. Nokho, njengoba kuqale unyaka ka eyesithathu BC leminyaka, ethempelini lika-Arthemisi kabusha ngokuphelele futhi ithole ifomu efanayo. ukuvuselelwa imali eyabelwe Aleksandrom Makedonskim, futhi umsebenzi kwenziwe Heynokrat wezakhiwo, ngubani ngalesi sikhathi ephakanyiswe isakhiwo emhlabathini ngisho ephakeme. Ubukhulu kwethempeli kwakuyizingalo umxhwele: 51 imitha ububanzi futhi 105 - ubude. Roof isekelwa 127 amakholomu imigqa eyisishiyagalombili.

Ithempeli Lika-Arthemisi, isithombe, ngeshwa namuhla amelela ikholomu kabusha eyodwa kuphela, ngaphakathi ehlotshiswe eziqoshiwe kanye imifanekiso Scopas futhi Praxiteles. Efesu, ukwazisa Aleksandru Makedonskomu, ngaphambilini isithombe sakhe, okuyinto ayeveza jikelele omkhulu njengoNkulunkulu uZeyusi - ngombani esandleni sakhe.

Futhi phakathi nekhulu lesithathu le Goths wabhubhisa ithempeli lika-Arthemisi. Kamuva endaweni yayo esontweni elincane lakhiwa, nayo acekela.

Ukubhekana namatshe amhlophe kwaphangwa, le Uphahla adiliza ngokushesha umbhoshongo banyukubala ngenxa yokwephula ubunye somklamo. Falling amabhlogo itshe ekugcineni ukusivumela ixhaphozi, lapho ithempeli lika-Arthemisi lakhiwa. A kwamashumi eminyaka embalwa kamuva, indawo lapho kwakukhona khona kuphela omunye wemisebenzi engcono yokwakha Ionia, ngisho ukhohlwe.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi wathatha British umcwaningi voodoo ukuze ukuthola okungenani amanye iminonjana ethempelini, futhi ngo-1869 wagcina lucky. Umsebenzi ku kuvulwa isisekelo sethempeli yaqedwa kuphela kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo nazo ezitholakala iminonjana izinsika samuntu lokuqala Gyrostat wokushiswa.