Ithempeli Lika-Arthemisi e-Efesu - esinye sezimangaliso zomhlaba

Ithempeli Lika-Arthemisi e-Efesu libhekisela omunye sezimangaliso eziyisikhombisa zezwe. Esikhathini sethu, itholakala ensimini ka Turkey yesimanje, eduze kwedolobha Kusadasi. ukwakhiwa kwalo kuhlehlela emuva 560 BC, lapho umbusi wokugcina Lidii Krez wanquma ukwakha ithempeli elihle ngokubabazekayo ukukhulekelwa kuka-Arthemisi, unkulunkulukazi inyanga, umvikeli zamantombazane nezilwane.

Indawo ukwakhiwa umbusi engcwele awuzange ekhethwe ithuba, ngoba kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo lalisetshenziselwa nemicikilisho ehlukahlukene namasiko enkolo. yenhlabathi ethambile boggy yayiwukuvikela Ithempeli lika-Arthemisi kusukela njalo endaweni ukundindizela.

Indaba zokungabi kokwakhiwa kwethempeli wakhonza njengephayona limestone namatshe amhlophe amaningi ukuthi sasithathwa ezintabeni wendawo. Kwakukhona eyakhiwa cishe ngo-120 amakholomu umthwalo eziveza zemabula, okuyinto safinyelela kwamamitha angu-20. Bona lalinabashumayeli amabhlogo omkhulu ukuthi ziboshelwe ndawonye zensimbi esetshenziwe.

Indaba for the ophahleni kwakungamadodana lwemishayo yemisedari futhi iminyango zazenziwe ngokhuni, ngokukhethekile zilethwe nomfanekiso wemikhumbi yaseKhupro. Uphahla nethempeli lika-Arthemisi awuzange embozwe ngobumba zemabula tile.

Ngaphakathi kwezindonga isonto zambozwa namatshe amhlophe. Iphele ukubukeka zokuhlobisa anikwa abaculi ngubani zaveza izindonga enhlobonhlobo. Eziqoshwe wazenza ngethusi zadalwa umqophi abadumile Phidias, futhi Kresilusom Polikletisom. Maphakathi ithempeli sibalo omkhulu lika-Arthemisi. Inganekwane ethile ithi kwaba ukuphakama mayelana 18 metres, futhi esifanekisweni ngokwayo senziwa ngokuphelele lwendlovu, futhi ngaphakathi ngegolide.

Nethempeli -Arthemisi e-Efesu kwaba omunye ezakhiwe elikhulu ngaleso sikhathi, futhi izikhathi eziningana kunangendlela ubukhulu ngesiGreki Parthenon e-Athens. U-Arthemisi Ipulatifomu ethempelini ifinyelele ubude 131 metres uphinde uthele kancane ububanzi 79 amamitha. Abaseduze kwakhe babe ezimbili zezitokisi ezingu-zamatshe amhlophe emhlophe.

Sethempeli sadabuka uthathwa njengohlaka wezombangazwe ezimele, futhi bamxosha bagibele abapristi. Noma ubani wazithola bengahlomile ensimini engcwele lika-Arthemisi, aluthola amasosha omzimba. Ithempeli futhi wakhonza izakhamuzi ebhange kanye yengcebo. imali yabo agcinwa ngabanye ezizimele kanye isimo, yamaPheresiya namaGreki.

iminyaka engu-200 kamuva, Ithempeli Lika-Arthemisi e-Efesu labhujiswa (ngo-356 BC). Gerostat lwayo lwashisa ngubani nje sifuna nakanjani ukuba ngibe usaziwayo. Neziphathimandla zedolobha ziye zathi ukuphimisela igama umhlaseli, hhayi ukufeza iphupho lakhe. Nokho Herostrat namanje owavusa icebo lakhe, ngoba kwaba seminyakeni eyizinkulungwane kamuva igama lakhe usakhunjulwa.

Ngemva kokufunda iminyaka embalwa Aleksandr Makedonsky babeya e-Efesu bay futhi bayalwa ukuba ubuyisele emanxiweni ethempelini. Heyrokrat nokwakha kabusha kwenziwe, umakhi ngesiGreki. Phakathi kwezinto azenza, yenze ezinye izinguquko design yabo: ephakanyiswe esigabeni kuya Ithempeli Lika-Arthemisi e-Efesu zazilengela phezu izakhiwo ahlukahlukene esakha ababemzungezile e emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Ukusungulwa amanxiwa engcwele isibe amahle enkulu nakakhulu wema amakhulu eminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu.

Ngakho-ke, waba khona ngaphambi kokuba BC III ekhulwini Kancane kancane odakeni bay skid e-Efesu futhi kamuva aphanga yi Goths.

Lapho uTheodosius I ethempelini lika-Arthemisi e-Efesu ivale ngokuphelele phansi bavakashile ngoba umbusi wamenqabela ukwenza isiko yobuqaba. Ingxenye wetincenye teluhlaka we steel esetshenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezinye izakhiwo. Esikhathini ibandla Hagia Sophia, elisedolobheni waseConstantinople, abanye amakholomu porfirovanye efakiwe.

Kuze kube manje, engcwele ihlala wanyamalala ngokuphelele e ixhaphozi, futhi esikhundleni sabo imele ikholomu eyodwa kabusha, futhi ezinye izingxenye zencwadi base. Abavubukuli wathatha isikhathi esingaphezu kweminyaka eyishumi, lokuphinda ukubukeka yokuqala once omangalisayo, isakhiwo.