Ubuhle Parthenon e-Athens

I-Parthenon e-Athens. Ubani ongakaze ezwe ngakho? Kuyacaca ukuthi iwuphawu Greece yesimanje kanye nenhloko-dolobha yalo, futhi emakhulwini eminyaka livele futhi uyaqhubeka ukuba waqonda njengoba lizinga ubuhle, omunye incarnations engcono ka isiko lasendulo. Kodwa yini enye Sazi ngalokhu lesikhumbuzo bokwakha? Ake sizame ukuba afingqe kafushane Amaqiniso aziwayo.

Indawo

I-Parthenon-Athene. It lamiswao eliphakeme (156 metres) nge ngobumnene ezitshekile esiqongweni sentaba, elisendaweni edolobheni --Acropolis engasenyakatho. Acropolis - umqondo yomlando yamaGreki asendulo. Thanda okhokho bethu, lwamaSlav, abakhileyo eGrisi lasendulo kuyingxenye ebalulekile umuzi wabo wakhiwe endaweni ephakeme futhi uqinise. Ahambisana Naleli okuvimbezela elise umbusi esigodlweni, iningi amathempeli ukubaza eziningi anikezelwe onkulunkulu baseGibhithe-abashisekeli. AmaSlav ngokuthi inqaba umuzi wabo detintsem kamuva lo ezibiyele, namaGreki - the lalinjengenqaba. On -Acropolis engasenyakatho ase-Athene akayena nje Parthenon, kodwa amanye izakhiwo nangenkathi ezahlukene.

Yakha isikhathi

I-Parthenon e-Athens Yakhiwa mayelana iminyaka engu-10, no-446 ku-438 eminyakeni BC. Khona-ke eminye iminyaka engu-6 Ngaqhubeka umhlobiso sculptural lesi sakhiwo. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-Athene yayiyikomkhulu hhayi nje isiphetho, futhi idolobha-state. Imithetho yaleli mini-isimo Pericles - indoda eyaduma ngoba ubugagu namakhono akhe uyayala waba umsunguli yelinyenti. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe, Athens ehlotshiswe amathempeli okungavamile, ama-altare, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu.

Uyini Parthenon e-Athene?

Lokhu ithempeli elalinikezelwe kuKhesari unkulunkulukazi Greek -Athena. Omunye izincazelo indodakazi uZeyusi kwaba "Parthenos" - "intombi nto, eyintombi, 'ngakho Parthenon - indawo yokukhulekela Athena Virgo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi phakathi neminyaka engu-khona-ke wakwazi uvakashele hhayi kuphela ethempelini lasendulo, kodwa futhi lombhishobhi obuKristu Blessed Virgin Mary (VI-XII leminyaka), kanye esontweni lamaKatolika (XIII-XIV ekhulwini), kanye mosque Muslim (xv-XVII eminyaka).

History of the isakhiwo

Umsebenzi kokwakhiwa kwethempeli wahola emangalisayo umqophi yamaGreki asendulo Phidias. Abacwaningi banamuhla baye bathola ukuthi ukuphelela ukwakhiwa ngenxa bawuhloniphe nemithetho edumile "Ingxenye laphezulu", lapho isilinganiso izingxenye ezithile iyonke obonakaliswe njalo, i- "kusho segolide."

Ukuze Parthenon wabheka ngokuvumelanayo,-Acropolis engasenyakatho singezelelwe esakhiwe indunduma enamandla. Phakathi ubude ethempelini, kanye nezigaba sentaba phambi Parthenon kanye isilinganiso segolide ubudlelwano ayekhona. Isakhiwo esakhiwe kusukela ngemabula, zalungisa ithusi, izinyo lendlovu, ukhuni olumnyama, umsayipuresi. I-Parthenon e-Athens isibe wesonto lesizwe ngempela - ukudalwa zobumba wezingcweti, ababazi, coppersmiths, nabakhi, abadwebi enameller, bezinhlamvu zemali. Ngokusho yetinsita lapho omunye izimbongolo esakuthwala amatshe Acropolis, nje senile futhi wakhululwa imisebenzi yansuku zonke, waqhubeka ukuza njalo ekuseni "emsebenzini" kuya Parthenon.

Ukwakhiwa wazibonakalisa eqolo. Kodwa lapho Pericles okunikelwe izakhamuzi ukuthatha zonke izindleko ku-akhawunti yakho (kanye ubhale ligama lakho isakhiwo), abase-Athene wala, emalini engu owenziwa umphakathi.

kwelanga

Ithempeli elalidume laliyisikhungo kwezinkolo ezazikulo muzi ngokuphelele iminyaka engaphezu kwamakhulu angu-17. Kodwa ngo-1687 ngu-oda jikelele Swedish Königsmark baseVenice wabhubhisa Parthenon. Athens bahlulwa, amakhulukhulu abesifazane nezingane bashonile. Ngeshwa, ethempelini wahlupheka kakhulu ngempela eminyakeni ezayo, asisakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yakhe. Kuze Maphakathi nekhulu XIX, abantu (kokubili amaGreki nabezizwe) okwalapha wadvonsa izindonga ebhidlikayo futhi izinsalela eziqoshiwe, abangu akhishelwe khona phesheya imisebenzi ezivelele yobuciko.

Lesi sakhiwo lakhiwa iminyaka 10, futhi cishe iminyaka engamakhulu amabili eyalandela, ukulithola. Uma lucky ngokwanele ukuba uvakashele eGreece, qiniseka ukuya ku-uhambo "I-Athene-Acropolis engasenyakatho. Parthenon "okufakaza omunye ezikhumbuzo enkulu yasendulo.