Ubuciko kanye Ezokuzijabulisa, Art
Umculi Russian Pavel Tchelitchew: Biography, lokusungula
Pavel Fedorovich Chelischev - umculi Russian eyaziwa, owadubula waduma emhlabeni. Lesi sihloko presents yomlando wakhe futhi lokusungula, kanye izithombe eminye yemisebenzi yakhe.
Bhala ngalomuntu akulula. Wokuphila ungavumelani ngokuthi ezinye izenzakalo zokuphila Pavel Fedorovich nekuhumusha zabo, akukho iphuzu elilodwa umbono emaqinisweni, izinsuku, futhi ukuhlolwa ezahlukene umsebenzi wakhe futhi imvelo, izinkolelo zefilosofi nezenkolo, kanye nokuchazwa imidwebo yakhe. Yiqiniso, izazimlando zobuciko Kusafanele ukuqonda imisebenzi kanye Biography of the umculi omkhulu Russian.
Imvelaphi ebuntwaneni Chelishchev
Chelischev Pavel Fedorovich wazalwa ngo-September 21, 1898 esifundazweni Kaluga (isigodi Dubrovka). Uyise wayengumGreki Fedor Sergeevich Chelischev - zomninindawo.
umculi Ikusasa, ngokusobala wakhula ingane esathambile ngomdlandla. isithakazelo sayo kuhle ekuqaleni art iyagcinwa Chelishchev wenza ekumeni ipensela kodadewabo ezintathu, wenza entsheni. Fyodor Sergeyevich asekelwe ithalente kwezobuciko nentshisakalo ubuciko sendodana yakhe. Wamema uthisha wakhe ngasese owamnika izifundo in umdwebo. UTheodore S. wabhalisela ukuthunyelelwa omagazini i "World of Art". Siyazi futhi ukuthi ngo-1907, Wezingane Art School eMoscow wathola ilungelo ukufundisa uPawulu Chelishchev.
Ngenxa yakho konke lokhu, umculi esizayo nesithakazelo kakhulu ngezindlela ezahlukene inkulumo zokudala. Ngesinye isikhathi esededelwe, njengoba kufakazelwa imithombo oluchaza, yayinesithakazelo kakhulu ballet. Nokho, umdwebo baba uthando lwakhe main. art esikoleni izingane Akukhona nje BakaJehova eMoscow iye yakhoselisa kuye. Ngo-1907 Chelischev khona nasemhlanganweni art amakilasi, esebenza ngaleso eMoscow University.
Kukhona nganekwane othi umsebenzi kaPawulu, okuyinto wayifeza esemncane, wake watshengisa Konstantin Korovin ecela Chelishchev ukuthatha abafundi. Nokho, wathi uPawulu ayenalo kakade umculi, futhi akulutho ukumfundisa.
Inguquko in the Chelishchev phetho
Biography kaPavel Fedorovich kungenzeka siqhubeke abaningi abanamakhono art abathanda, ulwazi MUZHVZ irisidi noma Academy of Fine Arts, kwavama ukuba uhambo yokudala, iqhaza izinhlangano ezihlukahlukene art. Nokho, njengoba inguquko. Ngo 1916-1918 GG. Paul Chelischev namanje wafunda e Moscow, kodwa ngo-1918 umkhaya wakhe, ngokusho legend, kwi-oda siqu Lenin ukuthi axoshwe Dubrovka. Wathuthela Kiev ukubalekela ukushushiswa neziphathimandla.
Ukuphila Kiev
Paul F. baqhubeka imfundo lakhe kwezobuciko eKiev. Esikhathini kusuka ngo-1918 kuya 1920 wafunda i-Chelischev isithonjana workshop, wathatha Umdwebo izifundo kusukela Adolf Milman futhi Aleksandry Ekster, waya Academy of Fine Arts. Ekhatsi Kiev, umculi wabhala namathafa lyrical, bese udala kuwebhu isitayela cubist. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ayeyisebenzela ethiyetha Chelischev KA Mardzhanashvili. Ngo-1919 kwenziwa imidwebo kwenkundla kanye zokubhukuda ngenxa Awe-Operetta "Geisha" S. Jones ekwelashweni I. Carillo. Ngeshwa, ukukhiqizwa lokhu ukusebenza akazange athathe indawo. Ngawo lowo nyaka, umculi bajoyine Zinikele Army, lapho afike wakhonza khona njengomdwebi wamabalazwe.
Ukuhambisa eConstantinople
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kwabanye imithombo, wathuthela e-Odessa-1920 (lapha Pavel Fedorovich uma umculi wasebenza yaseshashalazini). Eminye imithombo yobufakazi mayelana aye Novorossiysk ngawo lowo nyaka, nokuyilapho okusolakala ukuthi bathutha eConstantinople nebutho Denikin sika. Ukuqinisekiswa kuphela yokuthi zokugcina: Chelishchev efika eConstantinople ngo-1920.
Kulomuzi edala indawo ngoba ballets eziningana Viktor Zimin futhi Boris Knyazev. Amaphepha kwalesi sikhathi enye ngokwanele kungayithonya kakhulu Exter. Knyazev, kanye entwasahlobo ka-1921 Chelischev kuhanjiswe ku Sofia. Lapha azidala incwadi esihloko sithi "Eksodusi kuya eMpumalanga. Premonitions kanye akufezile. Adoption Eurasians", futhi ubhale ekumeni ambalwa.
Inkathi wokuphila e-Berlin
The Inkampani Knyazev ekwindla 1921 Chelischev esezinzile Berlin. Lapha ngasekuqaleni 20-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule kwakukhona okuningi abaculi Russian: kl Boguslavskaia, A. P. Arhipenko, M. Z. Shagal, I. A. Puni, SI Sharshun njll Kulomuzi Chelischev. ngaqala ukupenda ekumeni oda, namanje Lifes kanye namathafa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba umculi yaseshashalazini, yena wabambisana yaseshashalazini Russian romantic (abasebenze imihlobiso yayo), Keniggrettsershtrasse yaseshashalazini, cabaret "Blue Bird". Chelischev ngisho wadala indawo ngenxa Berlin Opera, okuhleliwe opera "Golden Cockerel" by Rimsky-Korsakov.
Paris iminyaka
Nge qembu Borisa Romanova, ngubani ephethwe ethiyetha Russian romantic ngo-1923 Chelischev kwesokunxele Berlin futhi waya eParis. Lapha ekugcineni siqala sina aphishekele Umdwebo (ngaphambi umculi wasebenza ninodwa kule sheduli - incwadi, imidlalo yaseshashalazini, njll ...). Namanje Chelishchev "Basket strawberry" wancoma ngokwayo Gertrude Stein, okuyinto aluthola. Ngaleyo minyaka, umbhali unedumela elikhulu emibuthanweni kwezobuciko e-Paris. Chelishchev phakathi kwakhe waqala ubungani. abavikela Gertrude Pavel Fedorovich, wamsiza ngokwezimali futhi wamethula azifake egunjini lakhe, okuyinto wavakashelwa kuphela abameleli abanamakhono kakhulu futhi owaziwa ubuciko entsha.
Chelischev hola ukuqashelwa futhi uye waba ngempela master ethandwa. Kusukela ngo-1925 eqala iqhaza nokucwala abaculi, ligcinwe njalo ngonyaka. Ikakhulukazi, Chelischev nengxenye Salon d'Automne. Esikhathini igalari "Drouet" ngo-1926 kwaba embukisweni lokuqala abaphika entsha, imisebenzi kaPavel Fedorovich okuyinto sahlanganisa.
Ukwenza i-ballet "Ode"
Chelischev eParis futhi waziwa ngokuthi umculi yaseshashalazini. Ngo-1928, uPavel Fedorovich waklama ballet "Ode" I-qembu Diaghilev. Ukusebenza lufakwa Lomonosov ODE. USerge Lifar, umuntu ohamba phambili, wakhumbula ukuthi Diaghilev lokuqala ethunywe ekwenziweni kwanoma ubani protege yakhe, kodwa akazange lingatholi umugqa wesikhathi, ngakho kwadingeka ukuba mathupha ngiwuphatha endaweni ukudideka jikelele futhi ezinzima kwesikhathi ingcindezi. I ukusebenza ekupheleni zaphumela kakhulu ezintsha ngisho waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha esidlangalaleni esihlukile yinkimbinkimbi.
Ukuzalwa isitayela sakhe Chelishchev siqu
Ngalesi sikhathi e ukucutshungulwa nokuhlanganisa isitayela sakhe Chelishchev siqu ozalwa ukuthambekela cubic kanye namaqiniso. Mid-20s kwaphawulwa neo-romanticism emsebenzini wakhe (Neo-Humanism). Layidalile ekumeni iningi labangane bakhe nabantu ayebajwayele. Umdwebi waqala bayanda umfanekiso okushiwo lwabangelwa umuntu, hhayi ukubukeka kwakhe. Nokho Chelishchev eni of the 1920 babesayenza wabulawa ngendlela enengqondo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lo mbono we igunya ezifuywayo okuqukethwe, lanqoba bakhe nokubukeka lalenziwa okubizwa ngokuthi "yokwakheka" noma "neon" ikhanda. Bona show nje yasekhaya yomuntu kudivayisi.
Ubungane Edith Sitwell futhi Charles H. Ford
Ngo salon Gertrudy Stayn , uPawulu Chelischev wahlangana abantu ababili abanombono ofana esadlala indima ebalulekile ekuphileni kwakhe - Edith Sitwell (Imbongi eyiNgisi) uCharles Genri Forda (Umbhali waseMelika nowaseNingizimu imbongi).
Nge-Edith Chelischev wahlangana ngo-1928 waba umngane wakhe omkhulu iminyaka eminingi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Sitwell baba umxhasi entsha Chelishchev emhlabeni art. Yena ehlelekile mbukiso, kokubili ngokokuziphatha futhi ngokwezimali kusekelwa Pavel Fedorovich. Ngo-1930, i-ajwayelane Charles G. Ford. Ngo-1934, abangane wayeshiye Paris waya eNew York. Emva kwesikhathi wathuthela e-Italy. Kuphela noPawulu Chelishchev ukufa (ngo-1957) Wahlukana yabo. Ubufakazi ubungane Edith Sitwell noCharles Ford babe imidwebo eminingi futhi ekumeni. By the way, esikhathini esithile ekumeni umdwebi yaqala ukubonakala njalo omunye umlingisi - actress Ruth Ford, udadewabo Charles.
New York kwesikhathi
Chelishchev Art e-New York iqhakazile force egcwele. Umdwebi yaqala ukusebenza ezindaweni ezintsha ihluzo - ukudala nesembozo omagazini VOUGE futhi Buka, kanye yakhelwe ilebula iwayini. Chelischev usukhululekile ukusebenza imidwebo, hhayi ukukufuna azinikela kohlaka ukuba silandele isitayela esithile. Ngalesi sikhathi, ekumeni ezingokwengqondo, wadala ngendlela enengqondo, side by side nge "metamorphic namathafa" - a imidwebo emthethweni, wabulawelwa umoya ukukukholelwa. Umdwebi e yakhe imisebenzi-blendes ukusebenzisa izithombe izilwane, abantu, izihlahla, amaqabunga, utshani, nezinye izinhlobo nemvelo. Isithombe se-yemisebenzi le nkathi - "Amahlamvu Ingane" (1939) - umelwe ngenhla. Phela, lo wokuqala ezifana izithombe, efayiliwe nge surrealistic izibalo kanye namafomu, uPavel Fedorovich wabhala emuva ngo-1920, cishe iminyaka engu-10 ngaphambili Breton, uDali, Magritte nezinye surrealist neyaziwayo namuhla.
"Ikhanda zemimoya"
Ngo-1940 Chelischev wadala uchungechunge "amakhanda elifanayo ezintweni eziphilayo" (omunye wabo ngenhla). On isitayela misebenzi washiya uphawu art kohlaziyo Pavel Filonov. izibalo Human kule imidwebo Chelishchev ayevumela ukuze ISIZINDA ebonakalayo, imithambo yegazi, amathambo.
Kuthathwa ngokuthi kulezi imisebenzi, umculi wazama ukuveza okushiwo indoda. I "Ingqikithi" umdwebi waqaphela amandla. Waqale bagxila umfanekiso imizwa nemithambo yegazi, ngokomlando Chelischeva kukhona amandla yokudlulisela izindlela. Kamuva uPawulu Chelischev saphela ukumela "indlela." Waqala bhala kakhulu amandla emelelwa nokwakheka lemiklamo elikhanyayo, ovals nemibuthano (owodwa ekumeni enjalo eboniswe ngezansi).
Eyokuqala embukisweni solo
Ngo-1942 yena waba ngokomthetho e-New York kanye emhlabeni wonke, uPawulu Chelischev imidwebo ngaleso sikhathi base bekhona kakade kakhulu kahle aziwayo. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke, ngo-1942, ngesikhathi MOMA kwadingeka embukisweni yakhe yokuqala uwedwa, owawungumnyaka ibe yimpumelelo enkulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umsebenzi Chelishchev 'Fihla bese Funa "(ngezansi) isibe omunye imidwebo ethandwa kakhulu Museum, kanye umsebenzi" Guernica "Picasso sika.
"Rayonism okusha"
Chelischev ezimpilweni zabo babhekana ukungaqondi. Udumo, washaya umculi, nakakhulu uyembulile isizungu lakhe kwesixuku sabalandeli ababengakwazi imibono nemibono. Chelischev ekupheleni 1940 cishe belahla umphakathi. Mhlawumbe ngenxa yalokhu, imidwebo yakhe ekugcineni saphuthelwa yiwo engokomfanekiso. Umdwebi kuhanjiswe ku Abstraction. Waqala ukwakha bobunjwa eziyinkimbinkimbi weJiyomethri. Chelischev wafuna ukubonisa kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona ray ukukhanya endaweni evalelekile. Lesi sitayela kamuva ukuba uqambe Rayonism entsha. Esinye isibonelo mafilimu - "The Apotheosis" ngo-1954. Izithombe yalo msebenzi lapha ngenzansi.
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe. Tomb Chelishchev
Bored Europe ngo-1951, umdwebi waya Italy singena nge-villa eduze eRoma elisendaweni Frascati. E-Italy, wayephila iminyaka eminingi, uPawulu Chelischev. Umculi ngaleso sikhathi ayedumile omkhulu eYurophu. UMbuso omkhulu impumelelo kwase kunezinto ezimbili okufanele solo nemibukiso, ayeba Paris. Paul Chelischev wafa ngo-1957 e Frascati. Washona ngemuva kokuhlaselwa yisifo senhliziyo, eyamukelwa ngoba i-pneumonia.
Okokuqala, uPavel Fedorovich wangcwatshwa Frascati, e umpheme sezindela sangakubo Orthodox. Khona-ke u-Alexander Zausaylova, udadewabo, zingcwatshwe nomlotha umculi ngesikhathi Pere Lachaise emathuneni eFrance. Nokho, endaweni yokungcwaba lokuqala St Paul Chelishchev futhi ukulondolozwa. Okwamanje, izidumbu zabo ezitholwe lomdwebi kuthiwa wangcwatshwa emathuneni of Pere Lachaise.
ukukhuthaza lokusungula
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