I avant-garde e Umdwebo kwekhulu lama-20: abameleli izibonelo

Ukuqala zenzeka ekhulwini lamashumi amabili kwaphawulwa ezihlukahlukene izenzakalo ezinkulu: emnothweni uyashintsha futhi lokhu ibalazwe sezwe sezombangazwe, isayensi nokuningi. Ungahlali ongangeneki art: i-avant-garde 'ubhedu kwezobuciko, cinema nezincwadi uye ishintsha umqondo bobuchule umbono umphakathi kuso. Imibono emisha ube revolution wangempela, okuyinto uyaqhubeka ukuba nethonya layo phezu kwezwe kuze kube manje.

Uyini avant-garde?

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili sekube eziningana Amathrendi zokuhlola ngemibono emisha emkhakheni wezobuciko. Igama lazo ovamile uwukuthi igama elithi "vanguard" ku kuhunyushwa kusukela French futhi lisho "vanguard". Umqondo omusha wawungakholelwa okuphambene academicism futhi baqhubeka isiko yesimanjemanje. Abamele avant-garde zobuciko wayekholelwa ukuthi ngokuphelele iyona edala, kunokuba umkhiqizo wokugcina. Le ndoda yaphenduka into yobuciko. I avant-garde kwekhulu lama-20, lo mdwebo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana eziyinhloko: Futurism, Surrealism, abstraktivizm, Pop Art, Dada futhi op-art. izici zayo kukhona isikhathi ifomu ukwahlukana futhi ngomqondo ongokomoya, inkululeko ngokuphahluka yokukhuluma oluhambisana yesayensi, ehlaziyayo ukuze inqubo.

Ukuvela nokuthuthukiswa

Isiqondiso entsha kwaba umkhiqizo the okungenangqondo, kudala ukungafani art sangempela ufake kuyo ngomqondo ongokomoya. Amanani yobuciko, ukunciphisa ukuze zokucabangela - yilokho ehlukanisa Umdwebo avant-garde. Abaculi kwenziwa isenzo ihlazo futhi wadala ongenangqondo ngesikhathi ukufakwa unganakile, egcizelela ukuthi imiqondo esemqoka nesekelayo wamanje. Kuze lomkhuba sokuntenga komnotho ezweni sihlalise igcinwe wokulahlekelwa lakhe elingaphakathi, uphonsa ucingo isibukeli - uma uzokwazi ukuhlukanisa phakathi kweqiniso amagugu amanga? Ngo yobuciko wesimanje, avant-garde bese uzama ukuwuthola emasikweni ubudala, umuzwa abanye ekushintsheni umqondo yasekuqaleni.

abamele ahlukahlukene

Ejwayelekile garde umqophi Duchamp limenyezelwe umsebenzi wakhe i isitsha abavamile, ibekwe esisekelweni. Endi Uorhol wadala laqanjwa amakopi. Ngo izenzo ezinjalo kakhulu, umahluko phakathi Umdwebo avant-garde namatshe aqoshiwe of yesimanjemanje - okushiwo sokuqala kobushiqela nokukhohlisa, inganakiwe futhi ibekwe endaweni esikoleni nobunzima, ukusetshenziswa izindlela ezilula inhlekisa baxgeki abafundisekile kahle hhayi izilaleli kwamasiko kakhulu.

iqembu Fauves

Omunye Amathrendi kunazo yesiteleka okwethulwa avant-garde imidwebo, kwaba Fauvism. Iqembu abalandeli babemelene Impressionists nesifiso kuzuzwe verisimilitude ezwakala ingokoqobo. Ukuze Fauves libhekene ukusetshenziswa zezingoma esimnandi, nokunqatshelwa ngombono bendabuko. Abaculi baye bakuphikisa Ukuthanda wobunxiwankulu futhi salon art, ukudala izigcawu yesikhumbuzo. Abamele kungenziwa ngokuthi abaculi ezifana Raul Dyufi futhi Marquet. Lesi sakamuva, emsebenzini wakhe imukile Fauvism ukuba okwangempela - e kuwebhu "Notre Dame," wakwazi adlulisele enemininingwane ngokunemba umthunzi amanzi Seine, le zezinkulumo yezakhiwo lombhishobhi kanye nomswakama, futhi akuthanjiswanga wabuka yayo. Abandoned ngenxa ngokoqobo Vlamin abaculi kanye Freese Umshado izindikimba primitivist wasebenzisa u-Andre Derain. Ehlanekezelwe izithombe ezingaqondakali zakhiwa Georges Rouault. Naphezu eziningi ezibangela ubunye izici Fauves hhayi isikhathi eside kakhulu waphila njengesidalwa union, futhi ngokushesha yahlakazeka.

Henri Matisse

I engumFulentshi, kuze kube phakade langena umlando yobuciko, waba omunye abaculi ezibaluleke kakhulu okwethulwa avant-garde imidwebo. Matisse imidwebo ukuveza umqondo wakhe eziyisisekelo yokudala ngesikhathi kukhishwa umbala namandla phezu emidwebweni. Wayekholelwa ukuthi umdwebo kakhulu efana umculo olunikezwa amanothi eziyisikhombisa kuphela, futhi wazama ukudlula okuhlangenwe nakho kwawo siqu ngalokho akubona kulowo imisebenzi.

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, Matisse balithanda ebaziwe ye-Afrika, i-Arab art zokuhlobisa futhi Woodcuts Japanese, okuyilona elisebenzayo futhi kubonakala emsebenzini wakhe. master imidwebo kukhona shades okukhulu: esiluhlaza ezijulile, Emerald oluhlaza, ezijulile ophuzi. Imisebenzi eyaziwa kakhulu zihlanganisa imidwebo:

• "Dance", wadala ngaphansi kwethonya Diaghilev zonyaka Russian e-Paris nesiGreki vase imidwebo.
• "Umculo" nge umfanekiso ukucula nokudlala ezihlukahlukene zomculo izingcezu.
• "Fish Red" nge force omkhulu imibala kanye yasekuqaleni Planar ukwakhiwa Umdwebo nge ukwenqaba ngombono nokujula.
• "Umnenke", omunye wemisebenzi zokugcina, wadala kusuka ezicucwini zamaphepha, pre-ababethi imibala efanele.

abstractionist Kandinsky

Bhá Russian avant-garde ukupenda emelelwa lo mculi. Kandinsky amabanga amade futhi wathola isiqondiso kuleli medieval art Russian nesiFulentshi. namathafa yakhe zisekelwe umbala dissonances futhi umdlalo amathoni futhi imigqa ukuthi uyogcina indawo ngokuphelele emsebenzini wakhe izithombe zangempela. Ezinye imidwebo yakhe ziphefumulelwe izisusa Russian ejwayelekile - isibonelo, "Lezi zintokazi e crinolines" noma "ukuphila colorful". Esikhathini esiyiminyaka emva kwempi, umculi wadala uchungechunge ingcaca "Imihlaba Small," okuyinto phendla Ukuthanda lwakhe ukusetshenziswa Suprematism sobuhle bayo kuhlangene zokuhlobisa elikhanyayo. Ngo-1922 Kandinsky wamenywa ukufundisa ngesikhathi Bauhaus. Kuyo yonke le minyaka, umculi bazama ngokuphindaphindiwe ne inqubo kanye uzuze imiphumela umxhwele abstractionism - nemibukiso yakhe yayiqhutshelwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, futhi umsebenzi theory baba nempumelelo emhlabeni jikelele, echaza ngokuningiliziwe imibono ukuthi ine avant-garde imidwebo. Lezi zibonelo zihlanganisa inkathi umsebenzi "Ukwakheka 8" futhi "iphuzu futhi umugqa indiza."