Ukubiza we Legislative iKhomishana uCatherine II, yendima yayo ekuqhubeleni ukuthuthukiswa komthetho Russian

Umbusikazi uCatherine II yaqala ukubusa kwakhe nge kabusha emoyeni yomgomo "absolutism ukukhanyiselwa", liphefumulelwe umsebenzi ongqondongqondo amaningi aseYurophu. Njengoba wazi, "absolutism ukukhanyiselwa" kakhulu wagabadela ukulingana kwabo bonke abantu bezwe, kungakhathaliseki ekilasini yabo, phambi komthetho owodwa. Ngakho, ngo-1767 kwathiwa ibizwe Legislative iKhomishana Catherine 2, injongo owawungumnyaka ukusungulwa isethi entsha kwemithetho ukuthi bavikele izithakazelo zonke amakilasi yezakhamuzi. Empress babekholelwa ukuthi kwanele freestyle umqondo Russian uyobasekela abameleli ezinhlwini eziningi nezigaba, futhi ngenxa yalokho, aqinise isikhundla yayo phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi yasebukhosini.

Ngakho, Ikhodi Commission kuyinto ndawonye, manje ukuhlela imithetho yakhe, elaba amandla emuva 1649. Zonke umlando wonke uMbuso Russian ukuthi ibizwe amakomiti enjalo eziyisikhombisa. Kakhulu emikhulu ibilokhu ukubiza Legislative Commission uCatherine II, okuyinto babengafani ukumelwa odlule ububanzi (manje amasekela ukhetha avunyelwe izakhamuzi - omele umuzi, izicukuthwane abalimi nabezizwe). Ilungelo abaqokelwe amalungu ePhalamende bancishwa abameleli emandla akamoya futhi serfs. Laid Commission uCatherine II wawunamalungu 450, eziningi zazo abamele izakhamuzi (36%) gentry (33%) futhi izakhamuzi (20%).

Amasekela we Legislative Commission wanikezwa amaningi amalungelo. Ngakho, babethole umholo ezengeziwe, asikwazanga ngaphansi kuhlawuliswa, ukuzwisa ubuhlungu, nokufa, izigodi zabo ayikwazanga ashaqe ngaphansi kwanoma yiziphi izimo (ngaphandle izikweletu). Udelele iPhini ajeziswe ukunqunywa isigwebo sina.

Ukubiza we Legislative iKhomishana uCatherine II kwaphawulwa eyodwa mnandi ezakhamuzini emisha eRussia. Empress uqobo kwaba okubizwa ngokuthi "Iziyalezo" ukuze amasekela laliqondiswa lapho senza izinqumo ezibalulekile. Ngo "Iziyalezo" yakhe Catherine ebekwe imibono yayo phezu yezinselelo ezinzima kuyiLegislative Commission. Umbhalo idokhumenti lalinabashumayeli izahluko amabili, ihlukaniswe izihloko. Ezinye zazo zalotshwa umoya imithetho wesazi sefilosofi French Charles Lakho, ingxenye - emoyeni izincwadi Italian C. Beccaria, "Ngo-Crime futhi Izijeziso".

UMbusikazi wayeqiniseka ukuthi ifomu kungenzeka kuphela uhulumeni ezweni omkhulu njengoba iRussia kuyinto ohlanga ngokuphelele. Ukuze kuvikelwe izakhamuzi ekuhlushweni futhi nangobudlova ekuhlaleni kwenkosi esihlalweni sobukhosi kanye Legislative Commission kumele kusungulwe, okuyinto zamaphini Unelungelo baveze umbusi samanje umbono ukuthi, isibonelo, ukwamukelwa kwalesi simemezelo Akwamukelekile ngaphansi isimo samanje, kuphambene ngokubona Legislative Commission, futhi Ngakho-ke, ngeke ibe eyomphakathi. Of izihloko "Igunya" yayizimisele ekuthuthukisweni komnotho wezwe, ukwakhiwa kwamadolobha entsha, ukuthuthukiswa izimboni, ezolimo kanye ukuhweba.

Ukubiza we Legislative Commission ehlobo lika-1767. Lomlomo waso kwaphawulwa izimfundiso e kweNyuka Cathedral of the Kremlin nge uqobo uCatherine II. Wonke amalungu ngaphambi komhlangano Bafunga. In autumn 1768 kuqubuka impi phakathi eRussia kanye uMbuso WaseTurkey, zidinga ababekhona of amasekela eziningi izikhungo wezempi futhi empini. Marshal A. Bibikov kwamenyezelwa ekunqanyulweni wemihlangano yabo. Ukubiza we Legislative iKhomishana uCatherine II kwaba komhlangano wokugcina lolu hlobo abameleli amakilasi ahlukene of Russia. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, ngomzamo ukwakha umzimba ofanayo ekilasini-kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu Empress wamphakamisa emehlweni sabantu, ukukhulisa profile yayo embi kokubili eRussia futhi ngalé kwemingcele yayo.