Bastille namuhla isici elihlobene ne-French Revolution. Ngemva kokushikashikeka unyaka wonke lo Bastille kwakuyisiqalo ngoshintsho epochal kuleli zwe. Futhi ngisho hhayi kuphela eFrance, kodwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu. Kodwa ubani owayephambili Bastille? Kungani kwakubalulekile ukuba nalokho umcimbi kuphawuleka kakhulu?
revolution izimfanelo
Abacwaningi abaningi yomlando, ukutadisha noma ukuthi izenzakalo wamavukelambuso, njalo bezama ukuthola ukuthi amasede amabili izizathu: kuzuze amaqembu athile nomphakathi kuleli zwe futhi izimo ngokushesha, okwenza ukuba afeze ukuguqulwa. Ekupheleni kwekhulu XVIII France khona ohlanga ngokuphelele, lapho amandla senkosi esekelwe bureaucratic kakhulu isimo kulandzelana nekuhlunga tinsita. Nokho, uhlelo namanje enjalo okuqhubekayo wangaphambili Emashumini amahlanu eminyaka edlule, i-isikhathi esishiwo ifa kanye savela ukuphendula. Ukuthuthukisa imiqondo Ukukhanyiselwa sonke isikhathi, ikakhulukazi, imibono yesivumelwano kwezenhlalo kanye ukumelwa ku izakhiwo ePhalamende, ekungqubuzaneni naphakathi kwenkosi basebukhosini kuphela, ebukhosini futhi onxiwankulu, abantukazana futhi wonke amakilasi engenhla, ukuxhashazwa omkhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwatholakala ukuthi lo okuthiwa i-Old umbuso kuphela nomthelela akhombisa emuva England. izenzakalo Revolutionary ngokushesha okwandulela obumbi ePhalamende kuleli ngokwezibalo zika-1787 kanye 1789, kubangelwa yini okudingwa yileso Okwesithathu bezindlu (ie ephansi) amalungelo ezinkulu zezombangazwe (i bona zaba 96% yesizwe sonkana). Umzamo yenkosi ukuncibilikisa ababamele LoMhlangano limise ukuhamba kwabo.
Ubani wathatha Bastille? Futhi kungani kwakudingekile?
izibhelu IMisa impi kubantu baqala 12 Julayi, 1789. Ukungahlaliseki baqhubeka Paris Ezinsukwini ezimbili ezilandelayo. I Bastille kwaba ejele zezombusazwe, efanekisela bobukhosi umbuso zonya ngaleso sikhathi ngokumelene nalabo nesibindi sokukhuluma ngokumelene nalo. Bastille ingenye izimpawu eziyinhloko inguquko - umzabalazo wokulwa despotism monarchical. Nokho, labo wathatha Bastille, kwakungewona neze bamangale kakhulu. Kuleli qophelo, iziboshwa eziyisikhombisa kuphela wagcinwa etilongweni. Nokho, okwakubaluleke yokuthi ngokuwa salesi siphephelo.
revolution Imiphumela
Ngo-August 1789 ke wamukelwa French Declaration of Human Rights kanye isakhamuzi. Ngemva kweminyaka emibili, owokuqala emlandweni waseFrance (eyesine emlandweni Europe) iye samukelwa ngokomthetho-sisekelo. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kwaqhubeka waze 1794, lapho kwenziwa Reaction Thermidorian, eseyiqedile Jacobin ubushiqela Maksimiliana Robespera, ngakolunye - kuze 1799, lapho kwakukhona Icebo lika entsha, okwaholela amandla Napoleon Bonaparte. Ngeshwa, akuhlali Revolution kuholele imiphumela oyifunayo abantu. Futhi njalo izithelo kukhona amabutho ukushayela. Ngakho labo wathatha Bastille, futhi akazange uthole oyifunayo. Kakade emva umcimbi engamashumi amane ibuyiselwe esihlalweni sobukhosi lwamakhosi we Bourbons. Nokho, abantu waseFrance (futhi kakade yonke iYurophu) babe nesipiliyoni yimpumelelo ekubhekaneni iziphathimandla uyakhulula. Okulandelayo French Revolution kwenzeka kakade 1848 futhi uye sisabalale zwekazi. Lezi izimo wanika isiqalo kuba Paris. Bastille futhi waba uphawu lokuhlala okufanayo. Namhlanje usuku uthatha ejele ahlonishwe eFrance njengoba shrine kazwelonke, futhi ngo-July 14, lugujwa minyaka yonke ngendlela enkulu, ufana ekugubheni Independence Day.