Irrationalism - ifilosofi engaziwa

Ngomqondo ebanzi, irrationalism - imfundiso zefilosofi ukuthi kuvimbela, ingabe isabaluleka kunoma zonke izinhlawulo uphike indima ingqondo njengoba ingxenye main nangokuthatha isinyathelo ngokushesha cognition. Lokhu avelele mkhuba futhi imigqa yezinye izinhlobo nezinhlobonhlobo okwenziwa umuntu - ugqozi, umcabango, imizwa, imizwelo engokwemvelo, umuzwa, ukuzindla nokunye nokunye.

Njengomthetho, irrationalism - le mfundiso uyiphupho eqaphela isisekelo yonke Akanandaba, futhi enye into. Empeleni kukhona ezintathu ongakhetha kukhona. Eyokuqala - isitatimende amathuba legumbi Absolutized of Komuntu futhi subconsciousness (irrationalism ka Schopenhauer). Esesibili - ukuqashelwa kaNkulunkulu njengoba obungangatshazwa essence yokumazi okuyinto ngenhla ingqondo kanye namakhono kungaba knowable kuphela ngokuhamba union ezingaqondakali. Inketho sesithathu siwukuthi irrationalism - okubizwa ngokuthi "indlela yokumazi," okuyinto, isimiso, a priori ezingafinyeleleki ukuqonda umqondo womuntu, kodwa ngesisekelo ukwazi futhi kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene. Lo mbono ovezwa imisebenzi Kant noFrank Spencer.

Irrationalism - nokuncipha indima ukwazi okunengqondo kanye intelligence. Ngezinye iphuzu yayo extreme kakhulu useduze umbono wokuthi uNkulunkulu akaziwa. Kodwa umbono wokuthi uNkulunkulu akaziwa igxile isimiso okuphelele emhlabeni ayikho indlela yokumazi. I yekucala lokhu efanayo imisinga zefilosofi, efana irrationality wakhonza ukungabaza. Pyrrho, umsunguli lalesi sikole yokucabanga uthi konke neissleduemymi ngokulinganayo, indeterminate futhi indiscernible. Ngenxa yalokho, akukho imibono noma ukwahlulela awukwazi babe abamanga noma kweqiniso. Scepticism (futhi lapha baye ukugeleza ezifana irrationalism ifilosofi) ahlobana ngokuqondile izimfundiso ezinjalo zefilosofi imiqondo njengoba relativism (isifundiso kwezinto kanye conditionality ukwazi futhi cognition) kanye nihilism (uyaphika emhlabeni eyaziwayo).

NgeNkathi Ephakathi kwaba ngesisekelo zonke nefilosofi irrationalism kanye nemfundiso yenkolo. Scholasticism nezimfihlakalo Christian esekelwe imiqondo Johann Eckhart kanti uBernard Klerosskogo bakholelwa ukuthi omuhle ungethele bayamazi uNkulunkulu, kodwa kungenzeka ukucabanga ezingaqondakali. Kakade kusukela Renaissance, kwakunokwenzeka ukuba bathi irrationality - kuba upholavuthondaba nelithothisi upholavuthondaba okwangempela ukudideka okukhulu. Nakuba abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye izinkolelo zamahlelo angase qualitatively kuhlukaniswe ngezigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko:

1. Irrationalism ngenxa yokuphatheka ukuze panlogism futhi rationalism ka Hegel.
2. Existentialism njengoba isifundo irreducibility nobuntu komunye intelligence kuphela.
3. isimo sengqondo sokugxeka amakhono bokusungula womuntu, okuyinto kuhlehlela emuva skeptizitsme lasendulo.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuvela futhi nehlumela irrationalism, futhi kamuva waba inkambo yokuzibusa - ngenhla existentialism, wasungula umqondo wokuthi essence lowo muntu - akusiyo ingqondo, kodwa uhlobo khona, esingenakubalwa esivezwayo, kodwa kungenziwa esachazwa ngokomzwelo futhi izinhlangothi engenangqondo yingqondo yomuntu.