RCC "Zircon": izici, ukuhlolwa. Hypersonic cruise missile "Zircon"

Kuleli zwe lanamuhla emncintiswaneni izingalo siphumelela kakhulu, ngisho ikhumbula yokuthi impi wokugcina global livelile iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi ayisikhombisa edlule. Nokho, hhayi izingxabano bendawo kusukela lapho kumile, ngakho njalo ngonyaka kuleli zwe bayatfutfuka izikhali ezintsha bese entsha ngokuchitha izinkulungwane zezigidi zamaRandi kulo. Yiqiniso, njengoba omunye ayizikhondlakhondla enqubeni imatasa futhi WaseRussia. Lesi sihloko sigxile kakhulu omunye ngentuthuko yakamuva yezwe - ASM "Zircon". Okokuqala, ake baqonde lokho RCC, futhi kanjani lobu buchwepheshe. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi kuyoba kungenzeka ukuya ngqo kokucubungula ASM kakhulu "Zircon".

RCC umlando

RCC - lokhu anti-umkhumbi kweminsalo, okungukuthi, uhlobo izikhali eklanyelwe ukunqoba ngenhloso amanzi. Amaphrojekthi yokuqala yale isikhali wabonakala ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, lapho onjiniyela lempi babenamaphupho izimoto unmanned zasemoyeni, okungase sebehamba ngokukhululeka besuka ezweni ngokusebenzisa emoyeni futhi ushaye igoli abaphikisi sika. Nokho, okokuqala iphrojekthi enjalo kwakungekho ephepheni, kodwa eqinisweni usuvele izikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Ngo-1943, eJalimane uye wasebenzisa ngempumelelo okufanayo anti-umkhumbi missile - futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukukhiqizwa asebenzayo yalolu hlobo kwezikhali.

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, la kweminsalo ngamisa nase-United States of America, kanye ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi nahlanu kwempi, lo RCC lokuqala athuthukile yasetshenziselwa eSoviet Union - kwaba nangomcibisholo P-15 "iziduli". Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, emazweni amaningi ehlukene ukukhiqiza ezihlukahlukene anti-umkhumbi ebekaphaphela njalo ithuthukiswe futhi ngcono. Uma PKR wokuqala German 1943 ubengase ukuhlasela kusuka ibanga amakhilomitha 18, iSoviet yemibhalomfihlo 1983 U-750 "meteorite" kuzofuneka ukuthi ukumboza ibanga 5.500 amakhilomitha.

Nokho, zanamuhla kwakungekhona isici esibaluleke kunazo ukuhlaselwa ezahlukene ngisho amandla aso nesihlalo ngokubona - namuhla umkhankaso "meteorite" ukuthi eside kumele kweso obonwa radar kanye wadubula phansi mayelana nantathu amamitha. Yingakho ezicitshwayo yesimanje mancane kakhulu ngobukhulu, kodwa kungaba, isibonelo, iningi ibanga bangandiza kwaleli chibi kakhulu, ngesikhathi esifanayo engabonakali isitha radar, bese kwesokudla phambi umgomo ngokucijile fly kuze kube kakhulu ngempumelelo ukuhlasela le target.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, abaklami lanamuhla sisebenza ukusungulwa RCC, okungase ukhethe umgomo wabo siqu futhi wabeka umzila wakhe, ngaleyo ndlela kwande ukusebenza kahle izinsimbi izikhathi. Nokho, lokhu American Abaklami - kodwa kuthiwani Russia?

Lapha yilapho kudingeka ukushintshela ASM "Zircon". Ukuthuthukiswa kwale missile sekuqhubeke isikhathi eside, futhi isivivinyo kubonakala waqala ngo-2012, kodwa lolu lwazi baqinisekisa. ASM "Zircon" kufanele abe igama elisha emlandweni izingalo uhlanga - kodwa kuthini olimele? Yini idatha emayelana abe aziwa umphakathi?

Hlobo luni missile?

Missile 3M22 "Zircon" - ingenye ngentuthuko yakamuva ye-Russian ubuchwepheshe lempi. Eqinisweni, uma sichaza nephrojekthi kafushane, lokhu anti-umkhumbi missile ukusetshenziswa hypersonic tekusebenta. Umsebenzi ukuthuthukiswa, ukukhiqizwa, ukuhlolwa nokubeka waqala ngo-2011 - yayisikhuphuka kukhulunywa okokuqala emaphephandabeni. Nokho, empeleni, umsebenzi kungenzeka kwenziwe ngaphambi, kodwa lolu lwazi othile singenakwenzeka izokhipha noma uqinisekise. Ukukhiqizwa lokhu missile ubelokhu 'NGOs ubunjiniyela "- futhi ngesisekelo lolu lwazi, kunezinye amahemuhemu, okungukuthi ukuthi 3M22" Zircon "missile kuyinto ozalweni omunye umsebenzi kamakhi efanayo," Fireball "uhlelo missile.

eminye imininingwane

Ngakho manje wena ukwazi yiziphi Namarokhethi "Zircon", kanye nentuthuko yabo seluqaliwe. Yiqiniso, zikhona abasekela imfundiso yokuthi wonke le nqubo iye waqala ngisemncane kakhulu, kodwa theory kungenziwa beveza eziningi. Njengoba amaqiniso, kukhona amaphepha, ngokuhambisana okuyinto eyenzeka ngo-2011, kwakuhlelwa eqenjini elithile Abaklami ezimbonini ehola, lapho umsebenzi ukuthuthukiswa missile futhi uhlelo missile sisonke eyayibekwe.

Kwakungenxa 2011 zihlanganisa imidwebo wokuqala kokubili missile futhi subsystems zalo ezihlukahlukene. Zonke izenzakalo Kwakuseshwa ku "NPO Machine Isakhiwo", kanye nezigaba zawo kwesakhiwo, kuhlanganise UPKB "Ngokuningiliziwe". Nokho, ngaphambi nje ekukhiqizweni ngalezi namarokhethi ayokwenziwa isofthiwe "Umcibisholo" emzini Orenburg. Lezi idatha kwangaphambilini ukuthi esikhathini esizayo zingase zishintshe, kepha kungathi 2016 sihlelwe ukusebenzisa Orenburg "Umcibisholo", ukukhiqiza micibisholo "Zircon".

ukuthuthukiswa ukumiswa

Ngo-2012, cindezela waqala avuze Imininingwane emangalisa - kunobufakazi bokuthi missile entsha "Zircon" engasoze azalwe. imithombo eminingi libike ukuthi iphrojekthi kungenzeka ivalwe ngokuphelele noma okwesikhashana izinguquko ezinkulu. Abukho ubufakazi ngaleso sikhathi akazange amlandele, ngakho abantu mangiqagele kuphela ukuthi umsebenzi kuqaliswe le phrojekthi.

Ngenxa yalokho, uhulumeni wanquma ukuzinika hlanganani ukusebenza esakhiweni "NPO Machine Isakhiwo" ne "Raduga" - lesi sinyathelo sathathwa ukuze uqhube umsebenzi obaluleke kangaka womkhakha lempi iphrojekthi zwe. "Zircon" kudingeka zibhalise Navy we Russian Federation kumnyama noma kubomvu, ukuze wonke izinyathelo ezidingekile zithathiwe nephrojekthi iye defrosted.

Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi rocket liqale, futhi entwasahlobo 2013 umphakathi ngafunda ukuthi phakathi nonyaka odlule kuke kwaba nobunzima, ngakho umsebenzi wokwakha yamiswa ukusebenza, kodwa ukuqedwa ukuthuthukiswa yezikhali ezicitshwayo "Zircon" inkulumo akukwazi.

Isimo samanje

Kwenzekalani okusalungiswa eminyakeni yamuva? Yiqiniso, ngesikhathi 2013 no-2014 kwaba intuthuko esebenzayo yephrojekthi - Nokho, njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, kukhona ngisho ulwazi ukuhlolwa kwakhe kuqala Kwakuseshwa ngisemncane kakhulu, lokhu kwaziswa akekho uyavuma. Ngokusho imithombo ezisemthethweni, kuba kuphela ehlobo lika-2015 kwamenyezelwa ukuthi kweminsalo zilungele ukuhlola. Cishe, ukuhlolwa okuqala awazange zenzeke, kodwa ngo-2015 kwaba kakade nokulingwa ngokugcwele ezingeni wombuso.

Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-February 2016 kwabikwa ukuthi ukuhlolwa isivele isiqalile - futhi uma sebeqedile iphrojekthi uzobe umemezele ezilungele ekukhiqizweni. Ngo-April 2016 kwabikwa ukuthi isivivinyo izothatha unyaka wonke futhi liyophelela 2017, futhi ngo-2018 ekukhiqizweni kakade ka RCC "Zircon" kuzokwethulwa. I izici zalesi missile ingakamiswa kudalulwe ngokuphelele, kodwa siyazi impela eningi imininingwane, okuzoxoxwa olwengeziwe.

imishini ukuziqalela

Hypersonic cruise missile 3M22 "Zircon" zizambalekela Russian missile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu 11442M. Ngokwemvelo, akunakwenzeka ukuqalisa rocket ngaphandle impahla eyengeziwe ngokumane yokulayisha emkhunjini. Yingakho Cruisers idatha uzobe ifakwe isiqalisi ekhethekile 3C-14-11442M. Lokhu ukufakwa kwethulwa mpo, ethuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza lolu hlobo isikhali. Nokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi lezi zibalo Nokho kukhona sasivumela fresh, kodwa uhlala ziwukuqagela - ngokuhamba kwesikhathi izinto zingashintsha, kodwa ulwazi lakamuva kakhulu yilokho namuhla.

isilawuli nesiqondiso uhlelo

Control nesiqondiso uhlelo, ezizosetshenziswa ukuze actuate le "Zircon", imicibisholo Russian zakhiwa eceleni. Lokhu kunengqondo, ngoba kulezi zinhlelo kanye namathuba main amanga RCC. Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, anti-umkhumbi ezicitshwayo wokuqala ayikwazi ukundiza kude kakhulu nelanga, isiqondiso kwenziwa kunalokho yokwedelela. Ezimweni ezweni lanamuhla zihluke kakhulu, ngakho ekuqaleni-up, ukuphathwa, futhi missile nesiqondiso basingatha okuningi.

Manje PKR ingandiza emachibini eliphansi kakhulu ukugwema isitha radar kanye badedele endleleni zakho umgomo, okuyinto kwaphumelela kakhulu, futhi silungise njengoba ihamba. Systems ngoba imicibisholo evuthayo "Zircon" Kuye kwasungulwa ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, uhlelo sasilokhu lokuzula inertial yasungulwa ngo-NGO "Granit-Electron", futhi uhlelo lokulawula ngokwayo - e "NPO Electromechanics". Futhi, ezinye izakhi eziye zasungulwa "NPO Machine Isakhiwo" okubhekiselwe kuwo ngenhla, okungukuthi UPKB "Ngokuningiliziwe".

izinjini

Ngokuqondene izinjini, oyoletha i missile Empeleni babethi kuye kwasungulwa 2009-2010 - Yiqiniso, akekho ngokusemthethweni izitatimende benza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi izinjini Kuthiwa aklanywa futhi akhiwe ngokuba ikhasimende yangaphandle, Nokho, cishe, lolu lwazi eqonda eyewash kuphela. Ngakho, njengoba kuqale unyaka ka-design lwamarokhethi "Zircon" izinjini ngoba kwase okulungiselelwe kanye ihlolwe in practice.

izici lobuchwepheshe

Omunye izikhathi ezithakazelisayo kakhulu, yebo, yiwona izici lobuchwepheshe missile. Yini-ke ongayenza? Hlobo luni mncintiswano kuzodala ehola RCC yesimanjemanje? Kubalulekile nokukhumbula ukuthi zokugcina imodeli ngempumelelo RCC, niqinisiwe Insimu Russian Federation, bekulokhu P-800 "Onyx" - lokhu missile kungaba ukuhlasela at ibanga amakhilomitha angu-300 futhi zadlula ngejubane Mach 0.85. Yini ukunikela ASM "Zircon"?

Ijubane lokhu missile iyamangalisa futhi imele omunye izinzuzo ezinkulu yephrojekthi. Ngokusho idatha wokulungiselela, kungaba ukufinyelela isivinini esingamakhilomitha Mach 4.5, kodwa kukhona iziphakamiso ukuthi yokugcina isivinini umkhiqizo ongafinyelela ngisho eziyisithupha yathuthuka. Njengoba for ibanga, okuyinto ezosebenza missile, lapha abadali kukhona siyamangalisa. Ngokusho idatha wokulungiselela, kuzoba 300-400 amakhilomitha, kodwa lezi idatha ayisiqondisi. Kukhona ulwazi mayelana lokuthi ngesikhathi ukukhiqizwa kwethulwa mass uhla RCC "Zircon" akuyona amakhilomitha esingaphansi 800 futhi ingafinyelela ngisho izinkulungwane amakhilomitha.

ukuhlolwa

Njengoba sekushiwo, Ovivinyweni lokuqala esemthethweni missile "Zircon" lwenziwe kuphela ngo-2015, kodwa emithonjeni eminingi ibonisa ukuthi lokhu akulona iqiniso lonke. Ngempela, isikhulu soMbuso ezingeni nokulingwa wokuqala kwaqala ngo-2015, base egujwa 2016 futhi liyophelela 2017. Ngokusho imiphumela yabo ukuthi kuyonqunywa ku engadinge ukuhlela kabusha, okwathi ngemva kwalokho RCC okuzokwamukeleka ayifake ekukhiqizweni.

Nokho, nge ezizathwini ezithile namanje ekufanelekelayo ukufundwa. Ngokwesibonelo, kwenye indawo kodwa khona Julayi-Agasti 2012, lenzeka ukuhlolwa Simoni we missile kusukela izindiza Tu-22M3 ku Akhtuba - ke sasisibi futhi imithombo eminingi ukuthi kwakungadingekile yalesisizathu yentuthuko yomklamo imisiwe ngawo lowo nyaka.

Ngemva kokushikashikeka unyaka wonke lapho, e Akhtubinsk, ke lwenziwe nolunye uvivinyo - missile kwaphinde Nokho sesehle sisuka izindiza, futhi lokhu kwethulwa khona ukuhluleka, indiza bebumfishane kakhulu. Izizathu sokukholelwa ukuthi rocket wayelingana ncamashí ASM "Zircon", unika i interview inhloko Tactical Missiles Corporation, athi kuyo ukuthi Russian Federation isivele ine ebekaphaphela bangandiza hypersonic.

Ngo-September ka lowo nyaka sasiqhutshelwa phezu Akhtuba lwesithathu rocket kwethulwa kusukela izindiza - wasephinda akuphumelelanga. Ezimweni eziningi, lokhu kwaba sibonelo we rocket "Zircon", noma yimuphi omunye prototype leSupersonic, okuyinto lwavivinywa ngesikhathi eRussia.

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ehlobo lika-2015 isidingo ukuqalisa imfihlo wayengaselona, njengoba kwamenyezelwa mayelana ukulungela RCC "Zircon" ukuhlolwa isimo ngokugcwele. Futhi ukuhlolwa kokuqala kwenzeka ngo-December ngomnyaka ofanayo - ke akabange esabhekwa uqale kusukela izindiza. Ngesikhathi landfill eyayibekwe Nenoksa phansi kwethulwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, kusukela lapho kokuqala olusemthethweni wayephelele. Nokho akabanga nayo impumelelo - rocket, endiza emoyeni, cishe ngokushesha bawela phansi.

Konke lokhu ukuhlolwa zehlulekile Nokho, kufanele futhi kwaba rocket wake ukundiza. Kwathi ngo-March 2016. Zonke uhla efanayo Nenoksa zisuka lwenziwe phansi kwethulwa eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto waphumelela. Yingaleso sikhathi lapho abezindaba baziswa ngokomthetho ukuthi ukuhlolwa kwe-ASM entsha "Zircon" waqala.

iziphathi

Ngakho PRK "Zircon" Isivivinyo sekuqhubeke isikhathi esingangonyaka, kwaqedwa vivinyo ehleliwe kulo nyaka futhi, nge inhlanhla, kwethulwa ekukhiqizweni. Kodwa lapho ngeke la kweminsalo, lapho esekulungele? Siye kakade ukuthi bayoba ahlomile impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu 11442M, okuyinto okwamanje asitholayo sesimanje ukuze bakwazi incurring la kweminsalo.

Nokho, kukhona izinhlelo ukwenzeka ngemva kwesikhathi eside. Okokuqala, RPC "Zircon" izofakwa kwi impi esheshayo engahlomile kakhulu 11442 "Petr Veliky", the sesimanje okuyinto ihlelelwe 2019. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la kweminsalo Siyonikwa ngwenya isizukulwane wesihlanu "Husky". Lezi multi-purpose ngwenya yenuzi ongakabi ngisho wangena ekukhiqizeni. Ziyakwazi esigabeni design. Kodwa anti-umkhumbi micibisholo "Zircon" yakhelwe kakhulu sinombono zokuhlanganisa kubo zaya "Husky" uhlelo ezokwenza idatha ngwenya Liyindawo esiyingozi futhi ebulalayo ngempumelelo.