Umhlaba wokulima - umthombo amasu ka isimo

emazweni Agricultural (SKHN) ziyisisekelo ukwenziwa ukudla okuyisisekelo, isilwane okuphakelayo bese izinto zokusetshenziswa for ezimbonini ezithile. Ngoba usethe umbuso ekhethekile ukusetshenziswa, ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa, ngcono wenzalo kanye ekuvimbeleni ehoxile kwegazi.

Izinhlobo SKHN umhlaba

Mthetho Ikhodi Izwe Russian Federation futhi zoMthetho Federal "Ngo Agricultural Land Ukuthengiselana" № 101-FZ inike ingxenye ezindaweni senzelwe ezolimo, lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo ezweni:

1. umhlaba wokulima - ezweni lenani eliphakeme, nge kuqala isimo futhi kuncike ukuvikelwa ngokukhethekile. Ziyakwazi indlela ukwenziwa ukudla okuyisisekelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba ingxenye yalezi zindawo ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana enothile kakhulu futhi ekhiqizayo, ukunikeza ukuphepha okwengeziwe.

2. Non-yezolimo (e bakhonze) umhlaba - umhlaba phezu yiziphi izinto (zemvelo kanye yokufakelwa) asetshenziswa kwezolimo, futhi okuqukethwe ezweni elizungezile.

Ngakho, SKHN izingxenye Kungase kube lula noma eziyinkimbinkimbi. Esimweni sokuqala, zenziwe kohlobo olulodwa lwamasosha izindawo, okungaba izinga alinganayo noma non-iyunifomu kanye nokusetshenziswa. A eziyinkimbinkimbi, esikhundleni salokho, yakhiwa kokubili kwezolimo futhi "ukukhonza" umhlaba e iphesenti ezahlukene.

Ngokwe-National Land Isikhwama, endaweni womhlaba wokulima eRussia kumahekthare ayizigidi ezingu-195,6, futhi endaweni ukusevisa SKHN umhlaba - kumahekthare ayizigidi ezingu-207,6.

Umqondo umhlaba wokulima

Ngokwe- "Uhlu Land kanye ne-accounting amagama," le evunywe i-Ministry of Agriculture komuzi USSR 21.07.1970, umhlaba wokulima - leli zwe isetshenziselwa nezolimo, njengoba iyindlela eyinhloko yokuthutha ukukhiqizwa: umhlabathi olimekayo, yifusi, izitshalo zisetshenziswa (ngaphandle endaweni ihlathi) ngokwedlulele ukuthi lezizindawo zezikhotha kanye namadlelo (akukho inyamazane). Bangabaholi izindlela zokukhiqiza kanye non-umfaniswano isakhiwo kwayo, izinga kanye tikwele.

Leli gama kubonisa izimfanelo ukusetshenziswa ukusebenza insimu ngenxa izakhiwo zayo zemvelo (inhlabathi, impumuzo) kanye khona kuso izisetshenziswa edingekayo yokuqhuba ezithile imisebenzi. Esebenzisa leli gama, ukucacisa umbuso zezomthetho amasayithi athile.

Sakhiwo emazweni SKHN

Ngo Art. 79 LC RF isakhiwo ecacile we umhlaba wokulima (olimekayo, notshani, nenhlanga, emadlelweni, izitshalo zisetshenziswa). Ngo inombolo isimemezelo 104 Federal State Izibalo Izikhungo 20.12.2007 (isigaba 41) kanye nenombolo 95 kusukela 30.11.2005 (izigaba 12.5-12.1 1) Izinhlinzeko zalo elandelayo benziwa:

1. Plowland - a yokulima, okuyinto ehlelekile kusetshenzwe futhi usetshenziswa ngaphansi izitshalo zokudla, Njengoba kanye nokubekwa zokugcina (hothouses, zokugcina) nombhangqwana (okusanhlamvu, imifino, izitshalo uwoyela, utshani zisetshenziswa kanye nokunye.). Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama:

• Net (black) - endaweni eshayisa ekwindla ka ngonyaka odlule izitshalo ebusika kulo nyaka.
• Rocker - izindawo lapho vysokostebelkovye ukutshala izilimo ngoba ukuboshwa iqhwa ebusika okuphambili kanye nempi yokulwa ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi.
• umquba oluhlaza - endaweni nihlwanyelwe okusabhontshisi, okuzokwenza eminye kusetshenzwe ku umquba oluhlaza.

2. Haymaking - umhlaba wokulima, ehlelekile esetshenziselwa haymaking (blank aklaba utshani).

3. nokuklaba - endaweni lapho njalo kokudla (nedlelo) izilwane.

4. Ezikhula iminyaka eminingi - phansi elalihlala ekutshaleni yokufakelwa izihlahla izihlahla zezithelo kanye namakhambi, yakhelwe kwezinye izihlahla ukuze zithele yezithelo, amajikijolo, amakhambi kanye nemikhiqizo lobuchwepheshe.

Ekusebenteni, ukuhlukanisa lezi zinhlobo komhlaba, njengoba yifusi. Lokhu umhlaba wokulima ngaphambilini ezisetshenziselwa umhlabathi olimekayo kodwa hhayi corn esalayo 1 unyaka hhayi okulungiselelwe ngaphansi par.

Ngokuvamile futhi ezihlongozwayo ukwenza uhlu welithi "emazweni esingesihle" - izindawo SKHN engafanele wezolimo noma ngokudinga yokutakula evamile (nosawoti, usawoti ikhotha, kwaluqeda, umhlaba Stony, njll ..). Futhi endaweni womhlaba wokulima kungaqhutshwa engenamsebenzi ngenxa izici zemvelo (ukuguguleka, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi waterlogging njll), izenzo zomuntu (ngokweqile) noma izinhlekelele ezenziwe umuntu.

Concept futhi izinhlobo umhlaba abangekho kwezolimo

umhlaba abangekho kwezolimo - leli zwe, ebusweni okuyinto isisekelo (isisekelo) yokuhlala insiza ethile wezolimo (zesevisi, ukuvikelwa kanye nokunye.).

Amafomu yalolu hlobo ngezizathu efakwe ohlwini e Art. 77 LC RF. Uhlu kuhlanganisa:

1. Namazwe elalihlala nezihlahla, ezidingekayo zokusivikela ezweni izigigaba ezingezinhle. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukutshala azisebenzi izinsiza ihlathi futhi ngokugcwele esomnikazi, abangase bachithe kubo ngokubona kwayo (isiqeda). Ngokwe-National Land Isikhwama, endaweni kanye nezwe nge bok izihlahlana zokutshala uhlobo okuvikela kumahekthare ayizigidi ezingu-19.

2. Izwe esisogwini kubo ivaliwe yabulala namachibi ezinhlanzi. Ngu mithandazo kwakusho amachibi, amaxhaphozi (hhayi agugula) kanye umsebenzi wanisela, ngokusho h. 2 tbsp. 8 Ikhodi WaseRussia Water, kungukuthi sibeke impahla. Kusukela ngomhla ka-2016, endaweni womhlaba ngaphansi emizimbeni ivaliwe yamanzi safinyelela kumahekthare ayizigidi ezingu-13.

3. Earth, ezihilela imigwaqo yangaphakathi nokuxhumana wezolimo (sokufunwa izinhlelo, ngenkasa amashubhu, njll ..). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphansi imigwaqo kusho imigwaqo ezindaweni (okungagunyaziwe, samonakatannye) emizileni Ruts, ezakho WaseRussia, esifundeni noma umasipala. Land for imigwaqo kulo lonke elaseRussia hlala endaweni amahektheli angu-2.3.

4. Iziza nge izakhiwo kanye izakhiwo ezisetshenziselwa ukucutshungulwa (primary), ukukhiqizwa futhi isitoreji imikhiqizo yezolimo (Mills, emafektri, kanye nezinye ngemoto yalo.).

Abangekho kwezolimo izwe into esiyinhlanganisela, lapho izwe into esemqoka, futhi ezihlukahlukene lezinto - izesekeli.

umhlaba wokulima njengento

Ngokuvamile phansi kule nomthetho ubonakala into ezimele amalungelo endawo, noma isetshenziswa lapho bekhuluma impahla. Ngokwesibonelo, Art. 58 Izwe Ikhodi WaseRussia likhuluma yokulima, reindeer emadlelweni, okuyizinto impahla izakhamuzi noma izinhlangano, futhi Sec. 2, Art. 4 yoMthetho № 101-FZ "phansi" ubuyisela welithi "umhlaba".

Nokho, lokhu esikhundleni ngokuyisisekelo okungalungile ngisho eyingozi kwezibalo ukubala SKHN izindawo ezweni eRussia futhi ukuzimisela isakhiwo sabo. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi "phansi" akuyona imingcele ngabanye futhi hhayi kufakwe cadastre isimo njengoba into ezimele. Esikhathini inzuzo civil (ukudayiswa, eziqashisayo, njll). Kungaba iqhaza kuphela endaweni ethize.

Imikhawulo ezindaweni kwegazi umphakathi SKHN

Inzuzo SKHN iziza kwenziwe ngokuvumelana nemithetho komthetho we-civil kanye umhlaba futhi acabangele ukulinganiselwa ekhona. Lesi sakamuva libhekisela ukwenqatshelwa eyasungulwa PPA noma izimo ezikhawula abanikazi bamalungelo inqubo ubunikazi noma ilungele isimo esithile ezweni SKHN.

UMthetho Federal № 101-FZ sihlinzekela imikhawulo elandelayo:

1. Ukukhandela nabezizwe (abantu, izinkampani kanye iqhaza angaphandle ezingaphezu kuka-50%) ukuthola umhlaba wokulima. Kulokhu, imali yokuqasha yakhuphuka yaba izwe izinto eziningi angenamkhawulo ayikwazi akuvumelekile.

2. Ukungakwazi ukushintsha yilokho ofuna ukukufinyelela ngaphandle kwesizathu ebekiwe ngumthetho. Ukusetshenziswa komhlaba wezolimo ngaphandle ngenhloso yokuqhuba imisebenzi efanele akuvunyelwe.

3. Misa SKHN yosayizi ezweni kungenziwa okungewakho omunye umuntu noma inhlangano. izinkomba Specific zinqunywa ezingeni esifundeni ezisukela ku-10% kuya ku-90% endaweni Imininingwane komhlaba umasipala othize.

4. Ilungelo lwezinto ezibalulekile ngokulandelana kwazo futhi isihloko isifunda esiphethe ukuthenga SKHN indawo uma ukudayiswa yayo.

Imikhawulo kwegazi ngenxa yokuthi izindawo yezolimo izinto amasu, ukuqinisekisa ukulondeka kokudla yezwe. Izinto Ezithiya kutungeletela izwe emthethweni cishe kuwo wonke amazwe, futhi eRussia abasakwazi esithambile. Ngokwesibonelo, eDenmark inhlangano alinalo ilungelo ukuthenga noma ukuqasha indawo futhi abathengi ebusweni kanye ngokomzimba kumele baye baphila okungenani iminyaka engu-8 ezindaweni zasemakhaya.