Mikhail Tukhachevsky: isithombe, umlando omfushane Tuhachevskogo Mihaila Nikolaevicha

Tukhachevsky kwaba omunye izinduna abanamakhono kakhulu futhi owaziwa iRed Army ngesikhathi kulwiwa. Umyeni wakhe wayephakathi ezinhlanu zokuqala Onogada zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Tukhachevsky wadutshulwa ngo-1937 ngesikhathi ekuqothulweni ku iRed Army.

Kukhethwa career lempi

Tukhachevsky wazalwa Februwari 16, 1893 emkhayeni zasebukhosini. Umfana ekuqaleni kuka ebuntwaneni asithandayo umculo. Wafunda ukudlala i-violin. Esikhathini eside kamuva, lempi baba abangane ngalo kanye umqambi Dmitri Shostakovich.

Ngobusuku obandulela Lokuqala kweMpi Yezwe Mihail Tuhachevsky Alexandrov ephothula esikoleni lempi. Wayengumuntu okungcono ngekubayala nangekubacondzisa ukusebenza academic ontanga yabo. Ngaphambi Tukhachevsky wavula amathuba ama-career ezikhangayo. Ehlobo lika-1914, ibutho lezempi watimisela kuya le Semenov ibutho. Esikhathini esizayo, wayengase ukuya Academy e-General Assembly Abasebenzi.

Ngonyaka owandulela e Moscow, Mikhail Tukhachevsky, ngesikhathi ukugubha iminyaka engu-300th we Romanov lwamakhosi, wethulwa uMbusi uNicholas II. Esikhathini esizayo, zonke izinsuku zokuphila kwakhe a induna, futhi kamuva Soviet wafuna ukuze kuzuzwe esiphezulu ku ensimini yabo umsebenzi. Ngokungangabazeki, yena wayezifunela udumo futhi okunenjongo. abangane abaningi nezihlobo bavuma kuqhathaniswa ukuba Napoleon. Ngokwesibonelo, isifiso sakhe esisuka e Umlando wakhe, eyanyatheliswa ngo-ePrague ngo-1928, uyakhumbula nengane efunda nayo esikoleni, uVladimir Postoronkin.

I tsarist ibutho

Izikhathi eziningi, Mikhail Tukhachevsky kakhulu babezifaka engozini futhi aba nesibindi izenzo edidayo ukuze ukusizakala amathuba aqhamuka phambi kwakhe. Njengoba kwezempi ngaphambili, akakwazi waba nenhlanhla kakhulu ukuba ngesikhathi lapho Russia lakuthola Okokuqala Umhlaba futhi kulwiwa.

Ngobuciko, futhi isiqephu esilandelayo. Ngisho ngezikhathi zokuthula, ukufunda kusukela ngonyaka senior esikoleni lakhe lempi, Mikhail Tukhachevsky wabhala umbiko kubaholi, eyabika emibi amasosha junior. It ukuqala. Ngenxa yalokho, Junkers ezintathu (Krasovskiy, Avdeev futhi Janowski) abazibulalayo.

ekuthunjweni German

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe I, Tukhachevsky lathunjwa amaJalimane. Ikamu, e Ingolstadt, wazana nomongameli French esizayo yomfowabo kaCharles de Gaulle. Khona-ke izimo lokuthunjwa kwakungafanele ezifana, isibonelo, abasemakamu okuhlushwa eJalimane lamaNazi. Iziboshwa ngoshwele ikhefu ehlala edolobheni eliseduze. Ukusebenzisa lesi simiso, ngupapa, induna babaleka.

Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich, Biography emfushane okuyinto njengoba lempi ensimini waqala ekuthunjweni isiJalimane, wazonda eJalimane. Kakade eSoviet Union, njengoba iSekela Commissar Wezokuvikela, wayevame ukudlala nge diatribes ngokumelene kuleli zwe.

umkhankaso Polish

Ngemva Okthoba Revolution, Tukhachevsky wajoyina amaBolshevik. Esikhathini iRed Army, washeshe baphumelele nodumo. Entwasahlobo ka-1920 Tukhachevsky waqokwa induna Western Front, lapho iRed Army ilwa Poland. Kuleli qophelo, ukunyakaza White wahlulwa cishe kuyo yonke indawo. Manje, amaBolshevik bakwazi ukudlulela nokusetshenziswa kwecebo ayenawo emhlabeni. Uma iRed Army yahlasela iPoland, abasebenzi ukuvukela Ungaqala lonke elaseYurophu. Lenin wayesezibeka phambili isiqubulo adumile "A Warsaw ukuba Berlin naseParis."

I apogee of ukuqala Tukhachevsky kwaba ukuvela kwezindaba iRed Army emadolobheni asemaphethelweni inhlokodolobha Polish ngomhlaka-14 Agasti. Nokho, ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbili ke lowacala Pilsudski counteroffensive. Ngenxa yalokho, i-nabasePoland wafika Minsk. Kwakuyisikhathi ekuchithweni ngokuphelele. Wayengahlezi exhumene ukwehluleka Tukhachevsky uqobo, kodwa umane alichaza izizathu inhloso. Russian balwa iminyaka 7 kusukela ekuqaleni kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala. Bakhandwa isiphelile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwemizwa wamavukelambuso wezisebenzi Poland zaba ntekenteke kakhulu ukwedlula isifiso uzimele geqe. Ngoba abantu baleli zwe ukufika amaBolshevik kwaba ngokuyinhloko ukufika Russian.

Storming ka Kronstadt

I isivumelwano sokuthula Poland sasayinwa ku 18 Mashi 1921, ngesikhathi lapho Tukhachevsky wacindezela ukuvukelwa Kronstadt. Wafika Petrograd 5 izinombolo. Wayethunywe ukuba ukubhekana amatilosi edlubulundayo esiqhingini esiseduze kuze kube nguMashi 8, lapho kuvulwa nalehleliwe X iCongress of the Party.

Waqala Storming odumile amasosha, omasha yonkana eqhweni eGulf of Finland. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uLenin emhlanganweni Bureau Political bavumelana ukukhansela insalela-ukwabiwa kanjalo nigcwalise omunye nezidingo amatilosi eyisihlubuki, umkhaya owawunamalungu angadle ngabuhle obutheni yindlala ngenxa yokungaholi amaBolshevik bangiphuca sonke isivuno sabo. Ukuvukela ukuyiveza ngemva ukuhlasela kwesibili ngo-March 18. Ngobusuku obandulela amatilosi edlubulundayo ezabeka ngayo phansi izikhali, geza emphemeni walindela Isiphelo sakhe. Ezinye zazo bethuthele Finland.

Ukucindezelwa wokuvukela ongumlimi

I Kronstadt kuvukela kwaba ingxenye yokuqala emkhankasweni wempi ka amaBolshevik ngo-1921. Ngemva kokunqoba amatilosi Tukhachevsky waya Antonovskiy ukucindezela kulokhu kuvukela. Lokhu ukuvukela ongumlimi waqala esifundazweni Tambov maphakathi no-1920. Umholi amavukelambuso Wayengubani u-Alexander Antonov, ngenxa yalokho waziwa ngokuthi esiphikisayo Abavukeli "Antonovites". Awujabuli iziphathimandla zaseSoviet bakule ndawo wathatha izikhali futhi zakha Union of abantukazana ukusebenza. Le nhlangano yamukelwa ngisho zayo zezombuzaswe. abantukazana imfuneko ukugumbuqela amaBolshevik wazonda kanye ababamele LoMhlangano. Antonov Kuvezwe ngenxa yendlala esabekayo edolobhaneni ngenxa ezisalayo kanye ochithayo nemigomo impi nobukhomanisi.

Ngo-April 1921, Efraim Sklyansky, isandla wangaphambili kwesokudla Trotsky nephini lakhe ku Revolutionary Military Council, uLenin wathumela imemo lapho wasikisela ukwenza Tukhachevskogo ikakhulu obhekene ukunqotshwa amavukelambuso Tambov. I hero kulwiwa, Nokho, abakwazanga ukulwa kwabantu bakubo. Kwavunyelwana ukuthi Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich umiselwa umkhuzi yedwa esifundazweni Tambov, ngaphandle emphakathini emaphephandabeni. Military unikwa inyanga ukuqeda "Antonov engamalungu amaqembu ezigebengu." Ngesikhathi esifanayo Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich ithole kusukela maphakathi sinenkululeko engenamingcele yesenzo. Ukudlula kwesikhathi kuye kwabonisa ukuthi wathatha it off.

Impi nge abashokobezi

Ngo-May 6, Tambov weza Mikhail Tukhachevsky. A biography emfushane umuntu isibonelo legciwane futhi akumangalisi ukusuka umsebenzi. Njengoba ayenqotshiwe ePoland, induna ubeke isiphambano ikusasa lakhe. Kodwa ngo-1921, yena sibonga ukucindezelwa we Kronstadt kuhlubuka kuvukela Antonovskoe, ayikwazanga kuphela ukulungisiswa amehlo Politburo, kodwa futhi uthole ithuba phambili ukukhuthaza isikhulu iRed Army.

Njengoba wayeqhutshwa emhlabathini, Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich ku 12 Meyi ikhiphe inombolo isimemezelo 130, owawuthi abashokobezi babe abalimi sokunikela. Uma umfundi oyisichwensi akazange walala izingalo zabo, umndeni wakhe uboshiwe. Izihlobo amasonto amabili igcinwe okuhlushwa ekhethekile. Uma umlimi engakaze wamemezela futhi ngemva kwalokho, umkhaya yahamba eSiberia.

Ngenxa yalokhu, ngo-May 28, lo iRed Army waqhubeka ecasula. Juni 11 kwaba i-oda entsha, umlobi okwakunzima Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich. Manje, amasosha ithole ilungelo ukudubula abenqaba bazibiza ngegama. Ngo-August, ukuxoshwa usebhekene imindeni ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 70. Ngokuthakazelisayo, i-Army Tukhachevsky ukuyiveza kuvukela Antonovites futhi iqhawe esizayo esineminyaka engu-26 ye-Great Patriotic neMpi Georgy Zhukov.

Ukusetshenziswa ezikhali zamakhemikhali

Esifundazweni Tambov Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich wathatha iqhinga elisha empini. Kakade 30s, kuyilapho ngesikhathi zenith kwenkonzo yakhe, wabhala futhi imibhalo lempi theory. izinto eziningana besishumayela ezikhali zamakhemikhali. Sebenzisa abafundi igesi Tukhachevsky aphakanyisiwe kusukela Eagle. Lokhu ubuchwepheshe isetshenziswa fumigate abalimi emahlathini.

Negesi waqala ukuqala ukubambezeleka kuphela ngemva eMoscow alethwe buso. amacebo okusha yathela izithelo. Phakathi no-July 1921, uLenin bathole umbiko amandla Soviet yasungulwa esifundazweni Tambov yonke indawo. Umbhali iphepha kwaba Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Biography impi engu-28 kwaphawula esinye kokunqoba inhloko yabangamashumi iRed Army. Antonov nokucindezela kwavukelwa ongumlimi kwaba iphuzu esiphezulu umkhuba yakhe ebuthweni. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, uye wabambelela izikhundla eziphezulu, kodwa impi akwenzekanga.

"Demon ka kulwiwa"

Yini okubaluleke kangaka ngoba umlando eSoviet Tuhachevskiy Mihail Nikolaevich? Biography of lo muntu isibonelo esiphelele ukusetshenziswa isikhulu wenkosi iRed Army. AmaBolshevik liqala ukubusa, sakwazi ukunqoba kulwiwa, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yokuthi yaqala ukuba ubambisane ochwepheshe ezempi owayekhonze kumbusi.

Umqalisi sale nqubomgomo nezimo baba usihlalo Revolutionary Military Council Lev Trotsky. Ukuzibandakanya izikhulu ezifana Tukhachevsky Mikhail Nikolayevich, e kulwiwa wabonisa indlela efanele, Lev Davidovich. Ziyakwazi ngezindlela eziningi, ngasendleleni, ayefana. Trotsky ngokuthi "idemoni zokuvukela umbuso." Lev Davidovich ngokwakhe kuyancomeka Tukhachevsky. Uma esho induna yempi njengoba 'ngedemoni kulwiwa. "

onogada ngesibhamu

Ngo-1929, isevisi intelligence German umkhankaso ulwazi olunganembile ukuthi ejenti ye-German Jikelele Abasebenzi akuyona ubani nje, futhi Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Ukaputeni Photo ngalesosikhathi jikisa indaba eyimfihlo amaphoyisa Soviet imfihlo. Ngisho phakathi komuzi kwaba umkhankaso evamile ye ekuqothulweni ku iRed Army. Amasosha Kuboshwe izikhulu tsarist latinkhulungwane letinyentana. Ababili babo (zintathu nokungafi Kokorin) anikeza ubufakazi ngokumelene Tukhachevsky. abangaphansi Owabe bammangalela uzungu uhulumeni kanye isifiso ukuhlela umbuso wezempi.

On bephenywa Kokorin futhi zintathu kubikwe uStalin. Yingaleso sikhathi-ke, ngo-1930, umholi izizwe isinqumo isiphetho Tukhachevsky. Ngo nomholi wezempi yafakwa black uphawu. Noma kunjalo, uStalin kuyiminyaka embalwa nje, kancane kancane ukulungiselela ukuhlanzwa isamba iRed Army eyathatha Esibhicongweni Omkhulu.

Esikhathini namathathu banesifo esibi ekuseni Tukhachevsky wayeyinhloko yabathathu Leningrad Military District. Novemba 7, 1933, usuku lokukhumbula October Revolution, wahola umbukiso ku Red Square. Ngo-1935, waba ngomunye wabokuqala ezinhlanu Onogada zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa. Ngemva konyaka, umlawuli wamabutho useqokwe Isekela Defense Commissar Voroshilov.

falling

Ngalesi sikhathi, isimo esishubile wakhula eYurophu. EJalimane, amaNazi athatha izintambo. It kuyeza impi, nokungathembani kukaStalin lwaqina. Kwaba yokwesaba kwakhe ngamandla akhe siqu ukuthi yisona sizathu esikhulu ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu kule iRed Army. Popular, ngokulinganiswa ayemncane futhi wafundiswa Marshal Mikhail Tukhachevsky empini enkulu Stalin akudingekanga.

May 1, 1937, ngemva mbukiso, Ubuholi obuphezulu wamaSoviet waqhubeka ukugubha efulethini iholide ngesikhathi Voroshilov. Stalin ke ukuba ubhontshisi wathi "izitha" kuleli zwe uzohlonzwa futhi ubhujiswe. I ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu usuvele uqalile, kodwa ibutho ongakabi wathinta. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa le yesehlakalo Tukhachevsky okunenjongo yaxoshwa yiPhini Yabantu Commissar Wezokuvikela. Wathunyelwa yala iVolga Military District.

Kwangathi 22, 1937 Marshal waboshwa ngo Kuibyshev. Phakathi bephenywa Tukhachevsky wavuma ukuthi silungiselela umbuso wezempi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kusolakala ukuthi wayehamba ukuhlela Red Army kokunqotshwa empini ezayo nge amaJalimane noma Japanese. Juni 11 Tukhachevsky isigwebo sentambo ngokuba ubunhloli nokuceba. UZulu wadutshulwa ngenhlamvu busuku. Marshall ukuthi ngemva kokufa kwakhe avuselelwa ngo-1957.