Poet Yakov Polonsky: emfushane biography, ubuciko, izinkondlo kanye amaqiniso athakazelisayo

imbongi Hhayi kuvame ukukhumbuleka JP Polonsky (1819-1898) wadala imisebenzi amaningi akugcini nje ngokuba izinkondlo kodwa temibhalo yephrozi. Nokho, namanje ikakhulukazi emisebenzini yakhe yothando iqala ukuba umuntu omthandayo. Poet alien emhlabeni kakhulu, kodwa akakushalazeli isiphetho njengezitha zezwe lokhokho. wayewazisa kakhulu "Bell" yakhe.

lenkaba encane

I ezithule ka Ryazan, edolobheni elincane esifundazweni, ebusuku-6 kuya ku-7 Disemba 1819 umntwana ozalwa, okuyinto ngemva kwamasonto amabili babiza ekubhapathizweni uJakobe. anti lakhe elalikhona ibhola umbusi-jikelele, kodwa ngemva kokuzwa ukuthi udadewabo ngokuphephile zilethwe lapho ezalwa kwesokunxele ibhola ukuletha imikhonzo yabo. Rhode Polonsky wayesemdala, owahamba basePoland ukungena inkonzo Ivanu Groznomu. Polonsky waba elingenamikhono izingalo kungemuva azure okuyinto bachazwa inkanyezi lezimpondo eziyisithupha, isigqoko peacock ngezimpaphe bese inyanga abasha. Uyise imbongi imfundo enhle ayikwazanga ukuthola, kodwa wafunda ukufunda nokubhala, futhi waba wesandla enhle. Yena wayengumbulali isikhulu esihle, futhi umkhaya omkhulu adingekayo ke izindleko amba eqolo. Yakov kwaba ingane endala, futhi ngaphezu waba nezingane eziyisithupha. Esikhathini lokuzalwa lokugcina unina eshona, Natalia Yakovlevna. Ingane wahlupheka kakhulu kwaba sekufeni kwakhe, futhi kwakubonakala sengathi kuye ukuthi unina wangcwatshwa ephila. Ngiseyingane, Yakov Polonsky ngokuvamile babone amaphupho esabekayo. Wayengumuntu wethukile. Imagination iqala ukusebenza, avele izithombe senkondlo. Umfowabo omdala wayewatshela inganekwane kusungulwe abancane, waba ngasese nokubhala izinkondlo.

ngemva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme

Yakov Polonsky Ryazan kuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme e-1838. Ngalesi sikhathi, nobaba lwaphuka ngokuphelele futhi ngemva kokushona komkayo othandekayo, wayesekhonze iminyaka emithathu eCaucasus, wabuyela ezweni lakubo. Endabeni izingane, akangenelanga. Kodwa uJakobe wayechitha isikhathi umcimbi lapho abantu wayebacabangela oyingqopha-mlando wendikimba zokuphila kwakhe. Ngo-1837 wahambela Ryazan Tsesarevich Aleksandr Nikolaevich, ephelezelwa VA Zhukovsky. Young uJakobe Polonsky ethulwa umbusi eyodwa esizayo ngendalo yakhe. Lo mhlangano ixhunywe wonke kwemicabango uyinsizwa imisebenzi yobuciko. Kusukela eminyakeni 1838 kuya 1844, Yakov Polonsky study eMoscow University. Futhi akazange acebe kakhulu, ngoba umndeni ngakhungatheka ngokuphelele, futhi ungakwazi kuphela ancike emandleni abo. Qasha izindlu emijondolo kwadingeka enze isinqumo esibonisa ephila lokufundiswa futhi izifundo ngasese. Kwakuba nezinsuku lapho kwasemini futhi wayengekho ngalolo. Lokho nge itiye roll. Phakathi nale nkathi lapho eduze bajwayelane A. Grigoriev futhi A. Fet, othumele izilinganiso ithalente imbongi abasha. Inspired, wanyathelisa e "Amanothi we lawobaba" ngo-1840, le nkondlo "Engcwele izinsimbi onesizotha ezikhishwayo." Circle labangane eMoscow lase likhule. Endlini luka-Decembrist UNikolai Orlov, Yakov Polonsky ihlangana ne UProfesa T. Granovsky, isazi sefilosofi P. Chaadaev. Futhi ngo-1942, abangane ukuphila kwethu konke nge-Ivan Turgenev, okuzokwenza ukusekela ukuxhumana.

Ukuqoqwa "Gamma"

Ngo-1844, Petr Yakovlevich Chaadaev ngenkuthalo lokuqoqa okubhaliselwe imali ukushicilelwa encwadini yokuqala imbongi abasha. Esihlatshelelwayo Lermontov washiya uphawu kuso. Kodwa Belinsky sisonke unika ukubuyekeza evumayo. Nomcwaningi kuphawulwe evesini "okumsulwa izinkondlo isici". Nikolai Gogol ilibhala kabusha bona omunye izinkondlo. VA Zhukovsky wethule abasha izimbongi iwashi okubonisa ukuthi ubazisa ithalente lakhe. Lev Sergeyevich Pushkin wamnika liyisipho esingenakulinganiswa - iphothifoliyo okuqondene ubuhlakani umfowabo.

Odessa

Ngemva kokuthola iziqu kanye bathuthela eningizimu kanye Biography of the impilo Yakova Polonskogo nengangibajwayele egcwele abantu embuthanweni Pushkin sika. Harmony nokucacisa elichaza eqoqweni lesibili imbongi, "Poems 1845". Nokho Belinsky asitholanga ke yimuphi umkhiqizo yimpumelelo.

Caucasus

Isifiso uthole esiqala ezintsha kuholele Yakov Petrovich e Tiflis ngo-1846. He is ehhovisi umbusi MS Vorontsov futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo abasebenza ephephandabeni "Herald we Transcaucasian" umhleli umsizi. Kuyo, nezikhangiso ezinyatheliswayo. On the impahla exotic eCaucasus, uzama ukusebenza uhlobo yendabuko ballads netinkondlo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, lisebenzisa bungavami raznostopnye osayizi. Ngo 1849 imbongi ukhiphe iqoqo "Sandazar". Kodwa ngo-1851, wafika ezweni Russia njengoba ufunde mayelana ukugula okungathí sina kayise.

Petersburg

Ngakho Yakova Polonskogo biography isitshela indaba ephindela eRussia, lapho Wamukelwa ngemfudumalo abafundi futhi abalobi. Kodwa izinto inhlalakahle akanayo. Ngo-1857, waphoqeleka ukuba abe repeater. Kulo msebenzi, uhamba nomndeni SA Smirnova-Rosset, ine sibi kakhulu futhi kunzima Switzerland. Kodwa eminyakeni 38 - lokhu akuseyona engu lapho ungakwazi ukubekezelela whims abaqashi. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa uya okuthunyelwe nokuhanjelwa Geneva, Rome, Paris.

imbongi sikhangwe

Enhloko-dolobha French kwakukhona "umhlangano ebulalayo" njengoba yayibizwa kanjalo imbongi, nomkakhe esizayo. Le ntombazane, Elena Ustyuzhskaya, wayemncane, othandweni nomshado kwadingeka alinde isikhathi esingangonyaka. Ngo 1858, kokushada waya Petersburg. nengoduso yakhe kubhekwa esikhathini esizayo umyeni izikhulu kwangaphakathi. Alas, umshado waba owesikhashana. Eminyakeni emibili nje eyathatha injabulo yabo. Ekuqaleni sonakala iconsi Yakov nge droshky. Yena abalimala kakhulu emlenzeni wakhe, okwayinika akukho ukuphumula kuze kube sekupheleni kokuphila, futhi kwadingeka ukuba isebenzise izinduku. Khona-ke uyafa olunezinyanga eziyisithupha indodana, futhi ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, nomkakhe. Nasi Biography emfushane Yakova Polonskogo ezihlobene umshado wakhe wokuqala. imbongi Wistful zingena out okusekujuleni "We-seagull" umphefumulo senkondlo, "I nobuhlanya usizi," "Uma kuphela uthando lwakho ...".

umshado wesibili

imiklomelo Literary kwenzeke Yakov Petrovich, futhi uqala ukusebenza ku ikomidi ukucwaninga angaphandle. iminyaka 6 ngemva kokuwa ngomshado wakhe wokuqala, wakhipha owayo uthandana Zhozefinu Ryulman. Lokhu noveli iphela komshado, nokuwukuphela wayezozalwa amadodana amabili nendodakazi. Ekhabo wadala salon tetemibhalo-zomculo, okuyinto ngoLwezihlanu uyahamba imibala Petersburg nezazi: izimbongi, ababhali, abaqambi, abadwebi baxgeki. Kukhona esibilayo nasemihlangeni Impucuko yenhloko-dolobha. Kulesi Biography emfushane Yakova Polonskogo e intshumayelo yethu manje usezofika ekupheleni. Ngesikhathi egubha umkhosi weminyaka engu-50 ye-umsebenzi kwezincwadi Polonsky ke waklonyeliswa umqhele isiliva Grand Duke Konstantin Romanov abazinikezele inkondlo.

Romances amazwi Polonsky

Zothando, ukuzama ukuphendula nezindaba setepolitiki, okwamanje izingqondo zethu lihlotshaniswa romance. Yakov Polonsky, ogama izinkondlo abathandwa bomculo Russian eziningi, eziningi azi, okokuqala kunakho konke, emazwini, "umlilo Ami ukukhanya inkungu". Nasi uhlu izingoma amazwi akhe, kuze kube-kude aziphelelanga:

• umqambi EF Napravnik:

Birdie: "Uzwa umoya nsimu ehlanzekile";

Waltz "Inhlansi Yethemba";

Emthandazweni: "Baba wethu! INdodana nokunxusa, ubeke indlebe ... ".

• SV Rachmaninov:

Umhlangano: "Izolo sahlangana ...";

Umculo: "Futhi ukubhukuda futhi sikhule lezi umsindo emangalisayo ...";

Dissonance: "Intando isiphetho ...".

• AG Rubinstein:

Duma: "Lo izinsimbi engcwele ngikweluleke umsindo ...";

Ukulahlekelwa: "Lapho umbono ngokuhlukana ...".

• PI Tchaikovsky:

"Ngaphandle, e kulokolokoza isithunzi".

By the way, Tchaikovsky Polonsky wabhala Libretto of the opera "I Slippers". Ngaphezu isibalo esingangaleso elincane iculo efakwe kulesi sihloko, ungakwazi ubheke umsebenzi Bunin ukuthi umugqa kusukela inkondlo kaJ Polonsky wafaka isihloko enye yezindaba zakhe, okungukuthi "Kwelinye emgwaqweni ajwayelekile."

Polonsky ushone eneminyaka engu-78, wangcwatyelwa eduze Ryazan. Futhi manje zingcwatshwe e le Ryazan Kremlin. Zonke izinkondlo Polonsky, Yakov Petrovich wathola impendulo ngomumo phakathi kwabantu besikhathi sakhe kanye nesizukulwane esilandelayo we Symbolists, ikakhulukazi Blok. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet kwakungasebenzeki ekhishwe yimuphi (!) Of umsebenzi anikezelwe ukuphila kwakhe kanye nomsebenzi. Manje ochwepheshe lesifunda Ryazan ukulungisa lesi simo zincwadi ziphakathi kokulandisa okuvelele elikhiphe, izihloko kanye nezincwadi, okuyinto ukubuyela kithi imbongi ngokungabi nabulungisa ukhohliwe, ushiye ifa elikhulu kwezobuciko.