Ryazan ezibiyele: umlando, ukubuyekezwa kanye netitfombe. Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe we Ryazan ezibiyele

I ezibiyele ingxenye eminingi yasendulo kwedolobha Ryazan. Vele kule ndawo ngo-1095 yayisekelwe Pereyaslavl Ryazan, okuyinto 1778 lethiwe igama zamanje. Indawo okwakhethwa kahle. Ezibiyele Ryazanskiy akhiwe on a platform okusezingeni eliphezulu, ukuba endaweni ka 26 amahektha futhi ukuma i quadrangle okungajwayelekile izungezwe izinhlangothi ezintathu yimifula. Futhi iminonjana esivumelwaneni lasendulo atholakele lapha esakudala ngisho eminyakeni engaba yinkulungwane BC.

Umlando omncane

Pereslavl, phezu ezizathwini of abavubukuli, yayakhiwe ogwini echibini ngokushesha engxenyeni esenyakatho yegquma. Lokhu kuqinisekiswe ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe esimanjemanje kakhulu. Khona-ke waqala ukuthuthukisa ngokushesha futhi ekhulwini le-14 kakade ugcwalisa ezibiyele egqumeni. Isizathu sisobala: Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-13, idolobha washintsha isimo salo, lena sekuyindlela dolobha ubukhulu, njengoba Ryazan, eyayintula isikhundla ezinjalo ngaphambili, wakhushulelwa abhidlizwa ngesikhathi Mongol-Tatar Ukuhlasela. Pereyaslavl, njengoba umlando we Ryazan ezibiyele wathi, ngokushesha okukhulu waya ngalé kwegquma futhi kwelulwe kakhulu kuya entshonalanga naseningizimu. Futhi ezibiyele uselokhu enezivikelo eziqinile kakhulu, ngumgogodla ezikhungweni zomsebenzi edolobheni futhi inqaba enamandla kakhulu nge uhlelo bendabuko Rus izinqaba. Ngesandla esisodwa kuphela, eningizimu-ntshonalanga, okungavikelwe emifuleni, wamba isikhamo nomsele futhi emhlabeni azungezwe we izindunduma. Wakha ebiyelweyo izindonga esenziwe ngokhuni 12 nemibhoshongo. kwemibhoshongo esangweni Glebovsky kwakungamadodana main wabheka isiqondiso eMoscow. Ngekhulu le-18 Pereyaslavl walahlekelwa ukubaluleka eliqaphile eningizimu yeRussia, futhi iningi izakhiwo lempi ezidiliziwe. Yahlala kuze kube sesikhathini sethu kuphela insalela umgodi amamitha 300 ubude futhi nomsele eningizimu-esentshonalanga.

ukuqhubeka ezibiyele

Isikhathi kuqhathaniswa eside Ryazan ezibiyele bakhiwe nabo izinkuni. Kwakungenxa nje ekuqaleni kwawo-itshe elimhlophe Ngekhulu le-15, eduze kwenkantolo Prince sika, wakha Cathedral edolobheni kabanzi nangamaphesenti ka kweNyuka Cathedral. Futhi ingxenye kwekhulu le-17 e Pereslavl Yafika neyesibili sokuthuthwa kwempahla itshe izakhiwo. Endaweni lapho ngaphambili wawusegunjini kwesikhulu zesigodlo, elamiswa lonke Ensemble, ehlanganisa eziningana izakhiwo civil: eziningana izakhiwo kwezomnotho kanye nezokuphatha, okuhlanganisa - Cooper, smithy, Consistorial futhi Choral izindlu, emakamelweni yokuhlala sombhishobhi, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi " Oleg 'Palace. Esikhathini esilandelayo, ngekhulu le-18, ubunikazi ukuthi sizungezwe uthango eyenziwe ngetshe, sasibeka amasango ambalwa. Okwamanje umzimba isigungu sabefundisi kungabonwa insalela omunye wabo.

Izigodlo Pereyaslavl kanye Cathedral Square

Endulo zezindela ezimbili zitholakala endaweni - kwala madoda amabili. Eningizimu - Spassky, omdala, enyakatho-mpumalanga - Dukhovskoy. On endaweni yokuqala isikhathi eside laliwumuzi ocebile kakhulu, emathuneni. Esikhathini 40s kwekhulu elidlule kwathiwa kwavala, kusale kukhunjulwa ezimbili izindlalifa lokungcwatshwa:

1. Engraver, uProfesa IP Pozhalostina of the St Petersburg Academy of Arts, owaphila kusukela 1837 kuya eminyakeni 1909.
2. Umculi nomlobi S. D. Hvoschinskoy, owaphila kusukela ngo-1828 kuya eminyakeni 1865.

Futhi ngo-1959, aphume ethuneni washukumiseleka ukuba Ryazan Ya. P. Polonskogo, imbongi ezinkulu Russian owaphila ngekhulu le-19. Indawo ezibaluleke kakhulu Pereyaslavl kwaba Cathedral Square, endaweni lapho zitholakala: yamatlege we eqhugwaneni - the izikhungo eyinhloko kwabaphathi bedolobha, ekamelweni ubhuqu egcekeni lejele.

Ryazan ezibiyele ku 19 sekwephuzile - ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20

Ngekhulu le-19, ngale ndaba kancane kancane balahlekelwa ukubaluleka APC. inkolo yamazwe isonto kwenziwa, futhi ngemva kwalokhu ipulazi umbhishobhi unqabile kakhulu. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 edolobheni langekhulu isikhungo wathumba kusukela ezibiyele, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi yokutakula kuphela waphawula ngamaholide ezihlukahlukene zenkolo. Ezinye izindaba zika-isikhathi - Emaphethelweni ithule cwaka futhi inokuthula. Kodwa ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-20, ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi edolobheni yesayensi namasiko omphakathi, kanye abacwaningi zendawo, Ryazan ezibiyele waqala ukuthola isimo omunye ebalulekile esibucayi izingosi zomlando kule ndawo. Ngu weminyaka engu 800th komuzi, e-1895, kwaba maphakathi imikhosi grand. Esikhathini Isigodlo Oleg Museum weSonto Antiquities wavula ngo-1914 - Drevlekhranilishche, futhi ngo-1923, ezikhathini iSoviet, yesifundazwe art-zomlando Museum.

Lezi izindawo zomlando - manje

Isigaba esisha Museum-reserve Ryazan ezibiyele waqala ngo-1968, lapho iziphathimandla zendawo engimbumbile lapha kanye eziyinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo kanye zomlando. Ngaphezu insimu ka Pereyaslavl lasendulo, sifaka zonke izakhiwo yezakhiwo kanye ukuzivikela emakhulwini eminyaka adlule, ezisekhona kuze kube yilezo zinsuku. kakhulu phansi wafakwa oda, izakhiwo abuyiselwe ziphenduka Museum. Kuze kube manje, lo Ensemble nge landscape olunothile futhi enhle izakhiwo lasendulo isithunzi akuyona kuphela isikhungo lesifunda, emzini Ryazan, futhi ingenye adornments nokuziqhenya sihlanganisa lonke izwe laseRussia.

Assumption Cathedral

Minyaka yonke izivakashi eziningi beze kulezi zindawo ngijwayele esedlulile kancane ezweni lakubo, abezinye izizwe - ukuthola ingxenye yomlando Russian. Ngakho, lapha lesikhumbuzo lemcoka Assumption Cathedral of the Ryazan ezibiyele, okuyinto thina kafushane. Yakhiwa Yakovom Grigorevichem Buhvostovym, umakhi ngobukhulu e 1693-1699, ngokulandelana. Sonto lakhiwa njengoba ithempeli lombhishobhi ubudala, kodwa kwathi isakhiwo grand, okuyinto ngobukhulu bayo, 1600 square metres futhi 72 amamitha eliphezulu, lidlule neziningi zezakhiwo langaleso sikhathi. Isitayela yezakhiwo kwesakhiwo - Naryshkin Baroque, kuyinto isibonelo esihle kakhulu zamagama eziphilayo isithonjana imidwebo, ebaziwe yokwakha. Ngokwesibonelo, kuba eqoshwe ezehlukile ezimhlophe architraves itshe futhi inthanethi. imikhakha Eziyisikhombisa imifanekiso ukuphakama ingqikithi 27 amamitha wenza abafundi futhi umlandeli Simona Ushakova Nikolaem Solomonovym. Intambo iconostasis ababulawa Sergeem Hristoforovym Ubuye esihle sokunconywa kwezobuciko. Amakholomu wenza emthini owodwa isiqu ngasinye. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, lombhishobhi livulekele izivakashi. Kukhona ngisho amasevisi. Ngo-2008 wayeka ukuba Museum ezandleni besifunda-bhishobhi wendawo.

ibhuloho Glebovskiy lokuvikela

Uma ucabangela amasonto we Ryazan ezibiyele, ingasaphathwa kaKristu, okuyizinto izinsalela St Vasiliya Ryazanskogo, umbhishobhi, kanye ethuneni amakhosazana wendawo: Sofia - indodakazi Dmitriya Donskogo, Ivan Third nodadewabo - Anna. On endaweni ezibiyele has Glebovskiy itshe ibhuloho, elakhiwa kuya embhoshongweni insimbi ekhulwini le-18. It has an design arched. Ngisho nangaphambili esikhundleni sakhe kwaba ibhuloho lezingodo wenza oki, okuyinto has a ukubiya kanye uxhuma ingxenye esemqoka yedolobha nge ejele. Uma wanyamalala usongo ukuhlaselwa zangaphandle, kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo itshe. Kusukela eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-Kremlin amagquma kungenye izinqaba lasendulo - i indunduma umhlaba. ubude bayo - 290 metres, konke kwesokunxele. Ngaphambidlana, ngaphambi kwekhulu le-18, kwakunabamemezeli izindonga lokhuni nemibhoshongo. Ngemva kwakhe kwaba emseleni ogcwele amanzi kanye amamitha angu eziyisikhombisa ukujula. Futhi nakuba manje esingaphansi kushaft okusezingeni eliphezulu, umnene, kodwa namanje umxhwele, futhi umi ngokuzazisa ngaphezu indawo ezungezile.

Dvorets Olega

Uma unquma ukuvakashela Ryazan ezibiyele, Uhambo ngokunethezeka futhi akusize bajwayelane zonke izindawo ezithakazelisayo. Uyothola nakanjani ukukhombisa, isibonelo, elikhulu kunawo wonke isakhiwo civil - Dvorets Olega, elakhiwa kusayithi lapho ekuqaleni wawusegunjini enkantolo kwesikhulu. Kukhona sebenzisa be Chamber wendawo ababhishobhi, ukuphila kwabo kwezomnotho, amaseli anobuhlobo futhi ekhaya yesonto. Isakhiwo endaweni - 2530 square metres. It has ezintathu ukuphakama, okuyinto kwakhiwa, akubona bonke ngesikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ngezigaba. Maphakathi nawo-17 wezakhiwo ekhulwini Yu. K. Ershov eyakhelwe ezimbili zokuqala futhi ekupheleni umakhi efanayo ekhulwini G. L. Mazuhin eyakhelwe yesithathu. Ngo 1780, wezakhiwo Ya. I. Shneyderom ubude besakhiwo Kwandiswa ngenxa isandiso ngasempumalanga. Futhi umakhi elilandelayo yesifundazwe ekhulwini S. A. Schetkin kabusha ngokuphelele ke. Kwaba wokwakha nice kakhulu pediment baraque, ukulungisa ezinemibala Terem amafasitela. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yabe seyaziwa ngokuthi Dvorets Olega.

ukucula Corps

Ngokutadisha Museum Ryazan ezibiyele, akunakwenzeka ukuba banake phakathi lesikhumbuzo bokwakha kwekhulu le-17 - umzimba Choral. Lakhiwa wezakhiwo Yu. K. Ershovym, ke lethiwa ngenxa izivivinyo ukucula olwenziwa lapha. Nakuba empeleni, injongo eyinhloko isakhiwo ngenye indlela. Lawa kwakungamadodana zokuhlala for umphathisikhwama futhi umphathi, Episcopal izikhonzi. Ekupheleni umzimba yafakwa umnotho kokuthola, esesikhundleni yokungena lalo. Lesi sakhiwo - esinezitezi ezimbili a elingunxande, yakhelwe isitayela ezakhiwo isikhathi. Ngenxa kompheme, e isitayela sesakhiwo ERussia yasendulo, it has a look ekhethekile nenhle. I vaults futhi izindonga, kubandakanya umphathi receptionist, kusele izingxenyana nje ze walondoloza imidwebo amahle. Manje lesi sakhiwo itholakala Umbukiso Museum ngokuthi "On ngokwezifiso omkhulu," esikhuluma ngamaholide futhi Russian sabantu abavamile ngalezo zikhathi. ezithakazelisayo Okuningi zitholakala endaweni Ryazan Kremlin. Thatha isikhathi ezongivakashela, futhi kuyoba into ukukhumbula isikhathi eside ke.