Skeleton Skull: izici kwesakhiwo nesithombe

Namahobhe asendle ezihuquzelayo, okuyizinto esihlukile kwezinye ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, ikakhulukazi isakhiwo lwamathambo. Kukholakala ukuthi lezi zilwane esiyingqayizivele wahamba kwezigidi ezingu-220 edlule, abenze phakathi ezihuquzelayo endala, omdala kunawe izibankwa, izinyoka noma izingwenya. Isayensi yanamuhla uyazi 327 zama-izimfudu, futhi abaningi babo yokuqothulwa.

ufudu Skeleton: izici kwesakhiwo

Turtle skeleton inezici ehlukile nanoma imuphi omunye ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla, lapho izindwani zitholakala ngaphandle kwesifuba lomuntu, namakati amakhulu, izindlovu, izimbuzi kanye izimfene. Armored ufudu skeleton kuyingxenye isakhiwo ithambo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi igobolondo zokuzivikela - ke aluyona nje isigubungelo yangaphandle. Iyingxenye ebalulekile komzimba wesilwane. Lapho uqala akha izingebhezi amathambo, nokuhlonza izinhlobo emaphethelweni blade ziye zaba ingxenye igobolondo ezikhulayo. Uhlaka lwamathambo yakhiwa amathambo uqwanga.

Njengomthetho, ihlukaniswe yaba 3 izingxenye eziyinhloko:

• skull (Nogebhezi lwawo, emhlathini apharathasi begodu sublingual);
• Axial skeleton izimfudu, kwangaphakathi noma yangaphandle (igobolondo, amathambo, ubambo, izimbambo derivatives);
• skeleton appendicular (nemilenze, esifubeni kanye nesakhiwo okhalo).

ufudu Skeleton: emgogodleni

Skeleton ufudu umhlaba kuhlanganisa umgogodla kanye wesibeletho, thoracic, lumbar, esifundeni sacral futhi caudal. It imelelwa amathambo wesibeletho 8, lapho kuqala 2 kukhona mobile kakhulu. Kulandele 10 isiqu amathambo, tho nge lwesikhathi testaceous. Endaweni ye sacrum isebangeni flat neziqu lateral, ukuze zazo unamathisele nethambo lenqulu. Abaningi amathambo ngomsila kukhona ngokuvamile akukho kuka 33. Lo mnyango libhekene ukuhamba okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Uhlaka lwamathambo sofudu, isithombe zazo okusesihlokweni esithi, kuhlanganisa cishe ngokuphelele skull ossified, eyayihlanganisa cerebral kanye gumbi visceral. Amazinyo bengekho njengoba enjalo, ahlelwe endaweni yabo uphondo amapuleti ukwakha ukufana umlomo. Isici esiphawulekayo lwamathambo ufudu kunamanye ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo wukuthi izimbambo offset emikhawulweni.

Ohlukile isakhiwo Izimfudu zasolwandle

ulwandle ufudu anatomy uhlukile ukuthi esinye sezidalwa embalwa kokubili i lwangaphakathi futhi skeleton zangaphandle. Zonke izinhlobo ngaphandle leatherback, uzimele yangaphandle inikeza isivikelo nokusekela izitho zangaphakathi. Siqukethe igobolondo kwethambo, okuyinto yena, ihlukaniswe halves ezimbili: the letincane kanye engenhla plastron zempi. Ukuze imisipha skeleton enamathiselwe kwangaphakathi. Njenganoma izwe, ulwandle izimfudu emgogodleni tho nge carapace.

iminwe Long ezingalweni nasemilenzeni yakha amaphiko, ezisetshenziswa for ukuhamba emanzini. Babuye isetshenziswa abesifazane umbe imigodi amaqanda ngesikhathi yokwakha isidleke. Emlonyeni Izimfudu zasolwandle akudingeki amazinyo. Kunalokho, banalo uqhwaku abukhali, ngawo ungakwazi ukuzobhidliza ukudla. umlomo obunesikhumba iqukethe eziningi ameva ezibalulwa kanjena ngokufanele.

Akubona bonke izimfudu abe igobolondo kanzima

Ngezinye izimfudu obunesikhumba emgogodleni akuyona tho ne igobolondo kanye igobolondo ayinakho ithambo, kodwa esikhundleni salokho imbozwe isondo ngesandla esiqinile futhi kusekelwa uhlelo lamathambo amancane. Lezi ukulungiswa ukuvumela ufudu ungene ku-1.5 km ukujula.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo izimfudu

• Armored izimfudu skeleton empeleni siqukethe amathambo ezahlukene mayelana 50. Ngaphandle kufana eyodwa isihlangu okuqhubekayo, futhi egobolondweni layo siqukethe amathambo eziningana futhi ezakhiwe fusing i izimbambo isilwane futhi amathambo is.
• Kusukela ngaphakathi igobolondo zifana esifubeni ukuthi unesikhathi ngaphandle ufudu zomzimba wayo. Kuye ngobukhulu besikhumba saleso silwane, kanye nezinye nemingcele zingahluka. Ngokwesibonelo, i-red-ufudu skeleton ezahlukene esitho obuphelele nomsila caudal kwabesilisa mude futhi mkhulu, kanti igobolondo mufushane kunalokho abesifazane.

• Animal phakade eboshelwe endlini yakhe. Akukhona emzimbeni bakwazi ukushiya ke, noma umuntu ulahlekelwa emgogodleni sakhe nasesifubeni.
• Ngenxa mobile kakhulu nezimo wesibeletho amathambo ufudu kungaba donsa ikhanda layo aphume carapace, noma, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukufihla uma sidingeka ukuze sithole isivikelo.
• Armored izimfudu skeleton kuhlanganisa ilunga elikhethekile ezithathekayo, okuyinto uba lomnyango futhi kuvumele bonke ahoxise ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
• Ufudu amagobolondo akuzona zempi, nakuba abukeka ngendlela kanzima nezihlangu njengomuzi ongangeneki. Kukhona nezinzwa esakhelwe futhi imithambo yegazi, ukuze uma isilwane walimala igobolondo olwawuvikele, kungaba opha futhi ubuhlungu.
• Ngo-1968, izimfudu ezimbili Russian babe emkhathini futhi abuya engenamyocu, kepha isisindo esiyiso ngididekile. Ngale ndlela babonisa ukuthi iyiphi ophilayo ungakwazi ukuthatha uhambo lwasolwandle enqunywa ngokuthwasa kwenyanga.
• Naphezu kwesimo nokubukeka yayo engalimazi bangaba nobuhlobo naye babe izilwane ezidla ezinye isigelekeqe esinonya. Sezilwane ezihuquzelayo angakhula uhlobo esithize kuze kufinyelele ku- 2.5 amamitha ubude, lapho nesisindo ngaphezu kuka 100kg nokuba nangemihlathikazi enamandla uqhwaku ngokucijile ungumlutha kanye claws athwale umsila kwemisipha. It is ngokuyenga yimpango yabo, ngezinye izikhathi kungase kube ngisho omunye ufudu, ezihambayo nolimi lwakhe, okuyinto ifana worm.
• Kuvele isici esithakazelisayo lezi zilwane futhi iqiniso ukuthi uma ukulele vocal basengaba ukukhiqiza imisindo. Iningi lazo ikhwelo, nakuba ungezwa uhlobo ephezulu kanye cackling. Turtle enza, ngokucijile jerking ikhanda lakhe ngendlela yokuthi ekucindezela aphume emaphashini emoyeni ngokulambisa nangomsindo ezithile.

• Ziba sleuths yangempela uma yavusa. izitho zangasese Female kufihlwe ingemuva zazo, kule ingaphakathi eduze umsila, esetshenziselwa zizalela, futhi sokuzikhulula. Owesilisa kalula ukuthola by nephunga zesifazane pheromone ethakwa ngaphakathi cloaca.
• Elinye iqiniso elithakazelisayo ngale iphuzu lomnenke yesihlanu. It kuvela ukuthi ngokusebenzisa ke ungakwazi ukuphefumula! Olunye uhlobo, le ingemuva lizungezwe ulwelwesi mncane okuyothi negesi lokushintshisana singenzeka ngesikhathi yehle.
• kunezinhlobo zezintuthwane eziningana izimfudu bangaphila engaphezu kwekhulu edlule.
• Ababona ukuthi kancane, njengoba babecabanga ukuthi. Ziyakwazi ikakhulukazi ezidla uhlaza, ngakho-ke ngeke kudingeke ukuba ukuxosha ukudla kwakho. Banezinhliziyo, igobolondo ezinhle obukhulu, kangangokuthi akudingeki abaleke noma ubani.