Ufudu Skeleton: isakhiwo. Ukwakheka ufudu umhlaba, okubomvu-Sectional

Nezilwane kuyiplanethi yethu ezihuquzelayo, abacela amawaka, anamakhulu mathandathu. Lesitshalo amelwa amaqembu amaningana begazi. Omunye wabo lamabutho we Turtle. Iqukethe 328 zinhlobo eziqoqiwe imindeni 14. Lesi sihloko sizohlaziya isakhiwo lwamathambo ufudu, kanye izici ezihambisana amanzi nokuphila eliwumhlaba besikhumba saleso silwane.

Isakhiwo yokwakheka

Kusukela oda bukhoma emaqeleni, elaliphansi kwamagquma Pakistan neNdiya, ogwadule Turkmenistan, iSiriya no Libya. Njengezinye izilwane omndeni ezihuquzelayo kule nokwakheka imizimba yabo, kanye izinqubo zokuphila ungathola eziningi idioadaptatsy ukuze ezomile futhi ezishisayo. Phakathi zinsizakuphila ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana obukhulu obunesikhumba integument, lwamafinyila nezindlala ukungabi, khona izikali Horny futhi enezinto. Letakhi aqukethe amaprotheni fibrillar - keratins. umsebenzi wabo ukwandisa amandla mechanical of the integument.

Njengoba izimfudu, isibonelo asemaqeleni, elise-Asia Ephakathi, udle isitshalo ukudla ngempela ezinzima ekhanda banalo uqhwaku - uhlobo inqubo ukuthi ine imiphetho ebukhali ngamazinyo. Bona ufudu izingxenye edabukile izitshalo kutsho projection yabo lumpy. Ekhanda namehlo zitholakala. Basuke kungagcini namakhulu eminyaka amathathu: ephansi, engenhla nowesithathu. Kwethulwa ngesimo ifilimu obunesikhumba ukumboza iso kuphela uhhafu. Zonke izimfudu abe evuthiwe umbono Binocular futhi owazi kahle imvelo.

ufudu skeleton Iminyango

Ukuze siphendule lo mbuzo, ngabe skeleton sofudu, khumbula umzimba silwane sika lihlukaniswe anatomically ibe izingxenye 4. Siqukethe ekhanda, emqaleni nasemhlane, umzimba kanye nomsila. Cabanga nesakhiwo ufudu esigabeni. Ngakho, emgogodleni wakhe siqukethe 5 izigaba: wesibeletho, thoracic, lumbar, sacral futhi caudal. Skeleton ikhanda ithambo ngokuphelele. It ixhunywe entanyeni esebenzisa amathambo amabili ngezinhlamvu ezihlelwa ngesandla. Sekukonke, ufudu 8 amathambo wesibeletho. Shona ngomzuzwanyana ingozi abathintekayo ngaphakathi igobolondo ngenxa yokubakhona izimbobo kuwo. Ground ezihuquzelayo azibonayo ongaphakeme imvamisa imisindo. Turtles basonta izilwane "buthule", njengoba ukulele yabo vocal anatomically kabi athuthukile. Ngakho-ke, benza encimfelwayo noma Uyaqina.

Ukwakheka nemisebenzi carapace

Ukuqhubeka ukutadisha skeleton sofudu, cabanga engxenyeni engenhla igobolondo wakhe. It has a iqhubu sengathi insimbi kancane. Ngo izimfudu kuphakeme kakhulu futhi okukhulu, emanzini - flat, umumo ovikelekile. Carapace yakhiwa izingqimba ezimbili. Engaphandle iqukethe yi-keratin izikali - amapuleti phansi has ngokuphelele amathambo aqatha. Kuye unamathisele arc we amathambo we lumbar-thoracic kanye nezimbambo. Imibala, udwebe Horny scutes carapace systematics ososayensi kuncuma ukuhlonza zezilwane. Kungenxa ufudu shell ubulokhu ihlala isihloko lokudoba. Kulo zenziwa umbukwane ozimele, izimo, ukusingatha imimese. Carapace has ukuvuleka eziningana, lapho isilwane retracts ikhanda, izingalo nemilenze nomsila uma kunesimo esiphuthumayo.

Plastron nalokho okukushoyo

Ingxenye engezansi igobolondo ubizwa ngokuthi plastron. Phakathi kwakhe carapace uthambile umzimba isilwane. Bobabili neengcezu united kwamathambo zempi. Plastron kukodwa esuselwe zone yokwakheka phambi kanye nezimbambo. Kunjengokungathi "soldered" emzimbeni ufudu. amafomu Terrestrial kukhona plastron okukhulu. Futhi izilwane zasolwandle kuyehla kube amapuleti cruciform wahlela ingxenye ventral zomzimba. On enezinto igobolondo imigqa eyindilinga kwakhiwa ngenxa ukukhula. Ngokusho kwakhe herpetologists kungacacisa ukuthi yobudala ufudu isimo sempilo yakhe.

esishintshashintshayo skeleton sici phambi nasemilenzeni indluzelekazi ufudu

Skeleton izimfudu, ogama uhlelo aboniswe ngezansi kubonisa zilwane okuqondene ezihuquzelayo. Banamathele yomgogodla amathambo phambi ibhande: scapula, clavicle, nemfundo likhale sika. Basuke etholakala maphakathi nesifuba. Ikhaba ixhunywe nesibaya carapace imisipha esikhundleni ilungiselelo vertebra kuqala. indluzelekazi esitho ibhande siqukethe amathambo pubic, ischial futhi iliac. Bakha indishi. kwesigaba caudal siqukethe eziningi amathambo amancane, ngakho-ke kuba mobile kakhulu.

izimfudu Avilable nemilenze

I forelimbs ezihuquzelayo zihlanganisa a ehlombe, ibhodi lemisindo, isihlakala, metacarpal futhi phalanges, okuyinto efana amathambo endoda omunye amakilasi of eliwumhlaba yezilwane ezinomgogodla. Nokho, isakhiwo forelimb ithambo kunomehluko. Ngokwesibonelo, ithambo ijabulise of ehlombe sifushane, futhi isibalo sawo, obumba esihlakaleni, esingaphansi ezincelisayo. nemilenze Hind futhi babe izici yokwakheka. Kunawo wonke imfushane kakhulu, futhi nenombolo yabo kuyehla onyaweni kahle. Lena kwaphawuleka ngokukhethekile ngaleso izimfudu: ibhokisi, okubomvu-asemaqeleni. Njengoba ezinwabuzelayo emhlabeni, amathambo phalanges neminwe uhlangabezana njalo umthwalo lokukhanda. Ngakho, lolu hlaka lwamathambo ufudu kuyinto idioadaptation kudingekile lula lithathelwe yayo ndawo.

Red-eared ngezilayidi: netimphawu zokuphila

Phakathi kwazo zonke ezinye izinhlobo isilwane ithandwa kakhulu wayehlala ekhaya. Isakhiwo walokho okubomvu-izimfudu ejwayelekile angenasawoti amafomu. ikhanda lakhe kahle ephathekayo, nentamo ende, igobolondo imelelwa carapace oluhlaza futhi plastron ophuzi. Ngenxa yalokhu ufudu uvame ukubizwa ngokuthi zheltobryuhoy. nemilenze Massive, embozwe scutes Horny, iphele izimpiko. Endle zidla izinambuzane, ephilayo obuningi kanye amandla ngamanzi osebeni lwemifula, izibungu nenhlanzi abasha kanye ulwelwe. Insikazi kuyinto esihlukile kalula esilisa: ke usinde eside, futhi emhlathini wakhe aphansi emikhulu. Breed lezi zilwane esikhathini kusuka ngoNhlolanja May, ebeka egodini isihlabathi amaqanda 4 kuya ku-10. izimfudu ezincane amabhu ngokuvamile ngoJulayi noma Agasti.

zinhlobo Terrestrial ka izimfudu

Leli qembu ezihuquzelayo emelelwa izilwane ezifana ufudu elise-Asia Ephakathi, efakwe ohlwini e Red Book, Balkan, panterovaya. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-40 kwezinhlobo. Uhlaka lwamathambo sangaphandle ufudu - igobolondo. He is a okukhulu kakhulu, nge plastron wayiphakamisa. Izilwane ngokwabo abapholile ngempela. Central ufudu Asian kancane ehlaselwe imithombo yamanzi. Kungase isikhathi eside ukuya ngaphandle kwalo, ukudla amaqabunga amnandi noma neziqu zezitshalo herbaceous. Kusukela izilwane kufanele zikwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zakulelo ezomile noma asemaqeleni lulwimi, umsebenzi wakhe wonyaka esokuba ngokomthetho. Kuyinto izinyanga 2-3 kuphela, kodwa lonke nyaka ufudu uchitha poluotsepenenii noma hibernates e Burrows wemba isihlabathi. Lokhu kwenzeka kabili ngonyaka - ehlobo nasebusika.

Isakhiwo ufudu umhlaba libhekene eziningi ezincwadini elihlobene ne ukuphila ezweni. Lokhu nemilenze columnar omkhulu, phalanges okuyinto tho ngokugcwele, ushiya ngezipikili okuxekethile iDemo. Umzimba embozwe izikali Horny, nokuvimbela ukuhwamuka ngokweqile amanzi ukuqinisekisa ukulondolozwa kwezicubu isilwane. Ngakho, izilwane avikelekile ezisindayo-duty amathambo Horny igobolondo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bangase angenze nezitha ezingaba yingozi abukhali encimfelwayo umsindo noma uchithe ngokushesha kakhulu ivolumu esinyeni. Zonke izinhlobo izimfudu eyikhulu. Abakwazi ukuphila iminyaka 50 kuya ku-180. Ngaphezu kwalokho, they possess nokuqinisela okusezingeni eliphezulu nokuzivumelanisa nezimo.

Noma kunjalo, masingakhohlwa ukuthi 228 zama-izimfudu adinga isivikelo futhi esengozini yokuqothulwa. Ngokwesibonelo, lincibilika ngokushesha olwenzeka endaweni ufudu oluhlaza. It ukhonza njengelungu zinhlobo target, njengoba umuntu edla inyama yakhe. Ngenxa ukufuduka kwabantu beya emadolobheni kanye nokwehla endaweni olwenzeka endaweni yemvelo inani izilwane kuyehla unyaka ngamunye. It uhlala impikiswano futhi iyindaba bakwazi turtles okuqukethwe emakhaya abantu, ngisho noma zitholakala ezimweni terrarium eziklanyelwe. Inani azinakwa kwalezi zilwane basekuthunjweni ukuphila ngokuvumelana yobudala bayo begazi. Iningi zibulawa zengqondo abangenalwazi kokunganaki lomuntu.