Leonid Panteleev: biography, isithombe. Yini uPeleneev ebhala ngoLeonid?

ULeonid Panteleev (bheka isithombe ngezansi) kuyinhlamba, empeleni umbhali wayebizwa ngokuthi u-Alexei Eremeev. Wazalwa ngo-Agasti 1908 eSt. Petersburg. Uyise wayengumphathi we-Cossack, i-hero ye-Russo-Japanese War, owathola ukuhlonishwa kwakhe. Unina ka-Alexei uyindodakazi yomthengisi, kodwa enhlanganweni yokuqala uyise wayishiya abalimi.

Ubuntwana nentsha

U-Alyosha ubelokhu engumlutha wezincwadi kusukela ebuntwaneni, umndeni waze wamkhohlisa, wambiza ngokuthi "ibhukwana." Kusukela esemncane, waqala ukuzibhala. Imidlalweni yemidlalo yengane yakhe, izinkondlo, izindaba ze-adventure - zalalelwa kuphela ngumama wakhe. Nginobaba lapho bekungeke kube khona ukusondelana okungokomoya - kwakuyindoda yempi futhi enamandla.

U-Little Alexei wayevame ukumbiza ngokuthi "wena", yebo, futhi lokhu kuhlonipha kuhlala kuze kube phakade. Isithombe sikayise, umlobi uLeonid Panteleev, sasigcinwa njalo enkumbulweni yakhe futhi samthatha impilo ngokuthanda nokuziqhenya. Lesi sithombe sasingakhanyanga, kunalokho, umbala wesiliva omnyama, njengesiphathi esidala - isithombe esihle se-knight.

Kodwa unina ungumfundisi okholweni, umngane onomusa kakhulu futhi oqotho wabantwana bakhe. Ngo-1916, lapho u-Alesha ethunyelwa ukuyofunda esikoleni sangempela, umama wayekwazi zonke izifundo zakhe, ukuhlola, ubudlelwane nabothisha nabo ekilasini, futhi nakho konke kwasiza indodana yakhe. Akazange aqede isikole, wayengenaso isikhathi.

Ukuxosha

Ngo-1919, uyise wale mfana waboshwa, isikhathi esithile wagcinwa esitokisini, wadutshulwa. U-Alexandra Vasilyevna, njengomama wangempela, wanquma ukubalekela ePetersburg ebanda futhi elambile ukuze asindise izimpilo zezingane. Okokuqala umndeni oyincandane uhlala eJaroslavl, ke-edolobheni laseMenzelinsk eTatarstan.

Kulezi zindlebe, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo uLeonid Panteleev wayefisa kakhulu ukusiza izihlobo zakhe, wafuna umsebenzi, ngezinye izikhathi wathola, wahlangana nabantu abahlukahlukene, kanti abanye babo bazithola behlangene nobugebengu. Umuntu omncane kakhulu nowethemba ngokushesha wawela ngaphansi kwethonya elibi futhi wafunda indlela yokuba. Ngenxa yesibindi esiphelelwe yisikhathi, okusobala ukuthi ifa lakhe livela kubaba, abangane abasha bambiza ngokuthi yisiteketiso somuntu owadumile wasePetersburg - uLanka Panteleev. Kusukela lapha futhi kamuva wabonakala umlobi womlobi onjalo.

Isikole saseDostoevsky

Njengoba "umsebenzi" omusha ka-Alexei wawuvame ukuhlotshaniswa namaphoyisa nezikhulu zokuphepha, lo mfana wazama ukukhohlwa igama lakhe nesibongo. Kungcono igama le-bandit kune-officer Cossack. I-mamma ikakhulukazi abalimi base-Arkhangelsk, ababetha abahwebi. Wayejwayele isibongo esisha ngokushesha futhi ngisho nalapho ejwayele abantu abavamile, kude nabangane bakhe amasela, igama lakhe langempela lagcina liyimfihlo. Futhi wenza into efanele, njengokungathi wayeke wabona ukuthi, uma nje intambo iphikisiwe ... Yebo, wabanjwa.

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphela kweMpi Yomphakathi, uhulumeni wezwe wahlangana nenkinga yabantwana basemgwaqeni. UFeliks Edmundovich uDzerzhinsky wayephethe umphumela . Okuthakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi emva kweminyaka emibili noma emithathu ingane engenamakhaya ayitholakali, futhi ngo-1919 babesebenza emigwaqweni emaceleni. Yileyondlela i-Panteleev Leonid: i-biography ekupheleni kuka-1921 yagcwaliswa ngomzamo wokuba ukwehluleka. Wabanjwa futhi wathunyelwa enkomishini ekhethekile, eyayibhekene nezingane ezingenamakhaya zasePetrograd. Ukusuka lapho wathunyelwa eSikole seDostoevsky, lowo owaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "Shkid".

Republic Little

Lesi sikhungo semfundo esimangalisayo singaqhathaniswa ne-bursa yangaphambi kokuguqula, kanye ne-Pushkin lyceum. Izingane ezingenamakhaya zingena esikoleni, zifunde izifundo ngokujulile futhi zijabule, zibhala izinkondlo, zibeka imidlalo, zifundisa izilimi zakwamanye amazwe, zikhiqize amaphephandaba namamagazini ukukhiqiza kwabo.

I-Panteleev Leonid, owaziwa njengomlobi wakhe owaqala ukubeka lapha, wathola zonke izinto ezidingekayo ukuze abuyele ekuphileni okuvamile, ngaphandle kokulala kwamabilishi, ngaphandle kokuba, ukulamba nokuphunyuka emaphoyiseni.

Lapha umfana waphila iminyaka emibili, eyamnika amandla okuphila. Kwakukhona nabangani, abadlulile nabo bebengenasici, bashiya u-Alexei Eremeev kuze kube phakade. Ngakho, isiphetho samletha nomfundi ofanayo esikoleni - uGrigory Belykh. Uzoba ngumbhali ohlangene wencwadi yokuqala neyaziwa kakhulu ngezingane ezingenamakhaya - "I-Republic of ShKID". U-White naye walahlekelwa uyise ekuqaleni, unina wathola ipennance yokugqoka izingubo, kodwa wayehlale ematasa, ngoba umsebenzi ude futhi unzima kakhulu. Indodana yanquma ukumsiza: yehla esikoleni futhi yangena emasangweni. Endaweni efanayo, eziteshini, nazo zawela ngaphansi kwethonya lamuntu omnyama futhi zaqala ukweba.

Abahlanganyeli

Abafana benza abangane futhi banquma ukuba yizinkanyezi ze-movie ndawonye. Ukufeza lo mgomo bashiya "Shkidu" futhi bahamba baya eKharkov. Ngemva kokufunda kancane abadlali be-movie, bavele baqaphela ukuthi babengewona abadlali. Ukushiya lo msebenzi, bezulazula isikhashana, abazange babuyele eShkidu - mhlawumbe babe namahloni. Kodwa-ke, izingane zabo zithande isikole ngokungenakuzidela, zithukuthele kakhulu kangangokuthi zanquma ukubhala incwadi mayelana nayo.

Ekupheleni kuka-1925 babuyela eLeningrad, bahlala ekwakhiweni kukaGregory ekwandiseni ku-Izmaylovsky Prospekt - igumbi elincane, elide, eliphelela ngefasitela egcekeni, futhi kulo - imibhede emibili kanye netafula. Yini enye okudingayo ukuze uthole ama-annals? Sathenga ugwayi, isilwane, ushukela kanye netiye. Kwakungenzeka ukuthi wehlele ebhizinisini.

Ukudweba uhlelo

Kwakuhloswe - kusuka kulokho okukhunjulwayo - iziqephu ezingamashumi amathathu nambili nezindaba zayo siqu. Ngamunye wabo kwakufanele abhale izahluko eziyishumi nesithupha. U-Alexei wangena ku-Shkid kamuva uGrigory Belykh, ngakho wabhala ingxenye yesibili yale ncwadi, futhi njalo njalo ngokuzithandela nangomusa wanikeza wonke ama-laurels kumbhali-co-author, engxenyeni yokuqala yencwadi, wayenesithakazelo kubafundi ukuthi bafunda le ncwadi ekugcineni.

Futhi empeleni, kwaba yingxenye yokuqala ukuthi zonke izingxabano zaqala, lapho izimbangela zokuqhuma zazibekwa khona, kwaphinde kwenzeka konke okuqhakazile nokuhle kunazo zonke, okuyizinto ezahlukanisa uShikkid.

Ukushicilelwa

Wabhala ngenjabulo, masinyane, ngenjabulo. Noma kunjalo, babengazange bacabange ukuthi lo mbhalo uzokwenzeka kamuva: wawuphi? Futhi abazange baphuphe ngisho nanoma iyiphi impumelelo. Akekho wabalobi noma abamemezeli abafana, eqinisweni, eLeningrad abazi. Umuntu oyedwa kuphela abambona kabili eShikkid esikhathini eside esidlule ngezinye izikhathi ezibucayi kwakungumlingani uLilina, inhloko yomnyango weNarobraz.

Ungacabanga ukuthi ukwesaba lapho owesifazane ompofu ebhekene naso, lapho izingane ezimbili ezindala eziye zahlukumeza impilo yenkimbinkimbi zamlethela umbhalo omkhulu, ongenakulibalekela. Noma kunjalo, wayifunda. Futhi hhayi kuphela. Abalobi be-co-co babe nehlanhla nje kuphela. Yena, esekufundile , wanikeza ifolda eliqinile , elifakwe emakhakheni echwebeni labafundi bangempela - eLeningrad State Publishing House, lapho umbhalo wesandla ufundwa nguSamuel Marshak, uBoris Zhitkov no- Eugene Schwartz.

Indlela abalobi abafihla ngayo udumo

"Abavukuzi bafuna, amaphoyisa afuna ...". Yebo, ngempela, bafunwa yonke inyanga futhi bonke, ngoba le ncwadi yavela kanjalo ... Yebo, ngezwi, le ncwadi yavela! Abazange bashiye noma yimaphi amakheli kunoma ubani. Akukho lutho kodwa umbhalo wesandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, baxabana, bashiya ihhovisi. Umhlophe wamemeza ukuthi yonke imibono nokuhlelwa kwalo mbhalo wawunamafilimu, ngakho-ke, babhala futhi babhala ukuthi akayikuzihlambalaza futhi futhi eze lapha ukuze umphumela ube namahloni. Bese basebenza futhi banquma ukungena kwenye indawo. Abadlali babo abazange basebenze, futhi ngisho nabalobi, kubonakala futhi. Nansi ama-stevedores - yebo, okuhle kakhulu kuye kwavela.

Nokho, umlobi uLeonid Panteleyev, akakwazi ukumelana. Kwakuyisikhathi sokukhathazeka nokungajwayelekile, njengokungathi kwakungekho ndawo yokuzibeka. Nakuba ngingalindeli ukuthi nginakho yini engingayilindela, kodwa icela futhi ilandele ku-spoon, ngifuna ukwazi konke, yini ekhona nencwadi yabo? Futhi u-Alexei, osendleleni esivela kumngani oqinile futhi oqinile, usenqume ukuvakashela uLomrade u-Lilina kusuka eNarobraz.

Yeka indlela udumo oluthola ngayo abalobi

Ngemva kokubona u-Alexei emgodini weNarobraz, unobhala wamemeza: "He! He! Ufikile !!!". Futhi-ke isikhathi esingangehora, u-Lilina uFilimi wamtshela ukuthi incwadi yabo ibhalwe kahle kangakanani. Akafundile kuphela, kodwa konke ku-Narobraz, kuze kube kuhlanzi, nakubo bonke abashicileli. Omunye angacabanga ukuthi uLeonid Panteleyev wazizwa kanjani ngaleso sikhathi! Mayelana nalokho engabhala nangemva kweminyaka eminingi, angitholanga amagama. Futhi amazwi anjalo akwenzeki ukuchaza lokho akuzwa ngaleso sikhathi.

USamuel Yakovlevich Marshak ngokuningiliziwe ukhumbula ukuvakashelwa kokuqala kwababhali ababambisana ehhovisi lokuhlela. Babenesizathu esithile esinobuhlungu futhi bengakhulumi kakhulu. Izichibiyelo zazivame ukunqatshwa. Kodwa, yebo, sijabule ngalesi shintsho sezenzakalo. Ngokushesha ngemva kokushicilelwa kwencwadi kusukela emilabhulali, ukubuyekezwa kwaqala. "I-Republic of ShKID" yafunda ukuphuza, yathatha njengamaqebelengwane ashisayo! Wonke umuntu wayebuza ukuthi ngubani lawa maGrigory Belykh noLeonid Panteleev, i-biography yabantwana ibaluleke kakhulu.

Izimfihlo zempumelelo

"Le ncwadi yabhalwa kalula futhi ngenjabulo, ngaphandle kokuzindla, ngoba asibhale lutho, kodwa sikhumbule futhi sibhalisiwe nje, akusikho isikhathi esiningi esidlule kusukela esishiye izindonga zesikole," kubhala abalobi. Kuthatha izinyanga ezimbili nengxenye ukuqeda lo msebenzi.

U-Alexey Maximovich Gorky ufunde i-"Republic of ShKID" ngentshiseko enkulu, utshele ngakho bonke osebenza nabo. "Funda ngempela!" - uthe. U-VN Soroka-Rosinsky, umqondisi wesikole, wabizwa ngokuthi uthisha waseGorky wohlu olusha, isibalo esikhulu nesibindi. U-Gorky wabhala incwadi kuMakarenko ngoViknicksor, efaka isiphetho sokuthi umqondisi we-Shkidy wayengumthandi wesibindi kanye neqhawe njengomfundisi omkhulu u-Makarenko.

Nokho, u-Anton Semenovich wayengathandi le ncwadi. Wabona khona ukwehluleka kokufundisa, futhi le ncwadi ayifuni ukuqashelwa njengezobuciko, kwakubonakala sengathi iqinisile.

Ngemuva kweNkazimulo

Abalobi ababambisene nabo abazange bahlanganyele isikhathi esithile: kubhala izincazelo, izindaba. "Amahora", "i-Karlushkin Focus" ne "Portrait" yaphumelela kakhulu. Lokhu kuphetha umsebenzi ohlangene, owawuqhutshwa ngokubambisana nguGrigory Belykh noLeonid Panteleyev. I-biography emfushane yomphakathi wayo yaqedwa.

U-Alexei wabhala ezinye izincwadi eziningi ezinganeni, phakathi kwazo okufanele zibone indaba enhle kakhulu ethi "Izwi Eliqotho", elaba incwadi, futhi indaba ethi "Iphakheji", okuyiqiniso ukuthi umbhali ngokwakhe akazange anelisekile: wacabanga ukuthi wehlise inkumbulo yendaba yakhe Baba. Noma kunjalo, le ndaba yaqoshwa kabili.

Umbhali we-Co-author

UGrigory Belykh ngo-1936 waboshwa ngokungenacala, ukusola kwabhalwa yindoda kadadewabo, ngokufaka incwadi yenkondlo. Ukukhishwa kwezindlu kuwukusola. UMhlophe wathola iminyaka emithathu ejele, futhi ekhaya wayenomfazi osemusha nentombazane encane. ULeonid Panteleev waze waqopha ucingo kuStalin, wagijimela zonke iziphathimandla, kodwa ngeze. Kwasala kuphela ukuthwala ukudluliselwa ejele futhi ubhalele umngane izincwadi.

UGregory yena ngokwakhe wayenxusa u-Alexei ukuba aqhubeke nokuhlukunyezwa. Akazange aqambe igama, kodwa kwaba njalo. Odokotela basejele bathola isifo sofuba. Wayengekho ngisho neminyaka engamashumi amathathu lapho ingane eyayingenamakhaya, isela, futhi kamuva umlobi omuhle eshonile esibhedlela sasejele. ULeonid Panteleyev emva kwalokho iminyaka eminingi wenqaba ukuphinda ibuyele "iRiphabhulikhi yeShkID." Umhlophe uhlonziwe njengesitha sabantu, nokususa igama lomngane ovela kulesi sikhwama kwakuyinto engacabangeki. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanele kwakudingeka ...