Kungani Ngathenga Chichikov imiphefumulo efile? Zonke iphutha izigameko kule nomthetho

Kungani Ngathenga Chichikov imiphefumulo efile kusukela kulendawo

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi izenzo kwakufanele umlingisi losemcoka, umfundi kufanele ubheke kulowo mthombo wokuqala - inkondlo N. V Gogolya "Dead Imiphefumulo". Kule kuyacaca ukuthi kungani Chichikov ukuthi ukuthenga imiphefumulo efile. Kodwa ngezinye izikhathi akwanele isikhathi lizinga lekufundza nekubhala indzaba ngandlela-thile kunesidingo. Nokho, yebo, kunzima ukucula njengoba Basque. Ngakho-ke, esikhundleni ukuthumela Gogol Iphalethi ocebile ulimi ngisebenzisa umthole oyoxoxa elula. A isihawu, ngoba nje ke kukhona kwehliswa kwelizinga lyrical e "Imiphefumulo Dead" - Ukufundwa futhi uma ubona isithombe esibukekayo. Nokho, sakara umfundi ukufunda emsebenzini sakho sokungcebeleka, akunjalo? Futhi mina ngokwami ngizoqhubeka.

Yini nozungu

indaba Key, elakhiwa inkondlo Gogol sika "Imiphefumulo Dead", kwaba ikhono ukuthola loan - izimali ezikhokhelwayo kwiBhodi lama-Trustees. Kulesi eseduze abangu okungewakho umninindlu serfs. Izenzakalo ezichazwa Gogol, kungaba iminyaka ecishe ibe ngamakhulu amabili namashumi amabili edlule, ngakho kuyafaneleka ukuba ukutshela umfundi ngezinqubo ezinye izimo zokuphila Russian wangaleyo nkathi. Futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo kokukhuluma isimo protagonist emphakathini. Ekugcineni, sihlose ukuba bayihlole umbuzo wokuthi kungani wathenga Chichikov imiphefumulo efile.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Ekupheleni kuka-1718 Peter mina wakhipha isimemezelo phezu besilisa labantu yokubala abantu. Kusukela ihhovisi ngalezo zinsuku laliyisidala, isikhathi esabelwe oda yenkosi kokubulawa, kwakungenele. ngoba ezintathu sasetshenziswa esikhundleni ngonyaka owodwa, bese omunye bakhuphe ezinye godu ezintathu ukubamba "wokubuyekeza" - hlola ukunemba ezilandelwayo ohlwini, kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda inganekwane. " Ngaphambi ukuqedwa serfdom ezinjalo "audit" lwenziwe iminyaka eyishumi aziwayo yabo. Lapha, kukhona iphuzu elilodwa ezithakazelisayo - isikhathi sokuphumula lapho lingachazwa ezenzeka enkondlweni. Ngu ubufakazi bezimo kungenziwa bahlulelwe isenzo ikhulela yesithathu yokuqala yekhulu XVIII. Futhi neMpi Patriotic ka 1812 unyaka akuyona kuphela esikhathini esidlule, kodwa ngisho okuncane ukhohliwe.

isehlakalo inkathi

Ngisho ngaphandle kokuqonda ukuthi kungani Chichikov ukuthi ukuthenga imiphefumulo efile, siyazi ayelithengile nje, futhi amadoda kuphela "ukuphetha" okungukuthi, kwadingeka ngenhloso yawoyise nabo kwesinye isifundazwe. It is eyaziwa ukuthi isimemezelo waphuma 1833, owawuthi akuvumelekile "ukuhlukanisa umkhaya." Ngenxa yalokho, ukuzidela Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov zenzeka isikhawu esiphakathi "wokubuyekeza" e 1815 kanye 1833 sika. Ngakho, uma kwalezi zimo zokuphila Russian wangaleyo nkathi iyona senzakalo esilandelayo: abalimi efile inombolo okunemibandela labaphilayo, futhi nabo umninindlu ukuze iklame intela kuze kube Census eliseduze - "wokubuyekeza".

izikweletu zentela

Kanye abalimi atholwe Pavel Ivanovich wathatha izintambo intela nezikweletu ukuthi ifana ukulahlekelwa okuqhubekayo. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi akukho enengqondo ngoba ukwenza kanjalo lapho futhi ekuqaleni okungacaci kungani Chichikov ukuthi ukuthenga imiphefumulo efile. Kodwa kwakukhona namanje abanye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama ku-ke umthetho ngokuvumela umlingiswa oyinhloko ukwakha uhlelo zokukhwabanisa ukwenza imali. Ngaleso sikhathi, uhulumeni wengamela umnotho umninindlu ukuze ugweme ekunciphiseni amanani awo futhi ukuvimbela ukulahleka. Phela, isimo kwadingeka ukuthola izintela futhi bavume ukubuthwa. Uma umnikazi wafa engenamntwana abadala (abanekhono) izindlalifa, noma izindlu lwenziwe ngendlela engafanele, phezu amagama anjalo angase sivikelwe kunikezelwe.

Abaphathiswa Council

Imperial umnakekeli Imikhandlu Kwamiswa eMoscow futhi Petersburg ekungeyona eyakhe amakhaya. umsebenzi wabo ukuze balondoloze ngokuphathelene namalungelo okusebenzisa umhlaba ezihloniphekayo, inqobo nje uma engenzi esabakho. izigodi Wajeziswa angase wadayiswa endalini ngaphezu umnikazi ocebile. Noma yimuphi umnikazi wezwe ungase ukuthola inzalo ukuphathwa yokutakula loan ku ukuthokomala nokulondeka kwezwe futhi abalimi. ukubolekisa okunjalo banikezwa sivikelwe imikhandlu, umthombo kabani oyinhloko wemali nje zazinjalo imali abayithole ngokuthengisa endalini. Uma ekhokhe sekudlule isikhathi isithakazelo noma ukwehluleka ukubuyela loan ngesikhathi esifanele izindlu elihlukanisiwe esivuna a isikhungo esikweletu wadayiswa endalini. Lokhu "wheel" ayikwazanga ajikelezwe isikhathi eside, kodwa Chichikov engumthengisi esiphethweni kanjani ukugibela kuso ukuze kuzuze bona.

ukukhwabanisa

Yena, eqinisweni, wafuna ukuthola loan ukuqinisekisa ukuvikeleka serfs, kodwa njengoba kwakungesona, nganquma ukuthenga kubo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wayehlose "ephepheni" ukuthenga ngemali ephansi abalimi abashona, kodwa kubhekwa ngokomthetho uyaphila. Yiqiniso, Chichikov wayecabanga ukuthi ngeke esikhathini esizayo ukukhokha intela yokuvota, inzalo phezu loan, futhi nakakhulu sokukhokha imali ebolekiwe. Zungezisa umkhonyovu ukuthola isibambiso kwakungenakwenzeka uma Chichikov abanengi gade babalimi ngamanga kuphela, kodwa akazange umhlaba. Thenga ezweni esifundazweni esifanayo, lapho abalimi babesizana ngokuvuna kubize. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi kwakuyoba kakhulu, ukuthi serfs musa empeleni babe. Ngakho-ke, umuntu ohlakaniphile Pavel Ivanovich wanquma ukuthenga umhlaba ezishibhile emaphandleni ase esifundazweni Kherson, futhi abalimi wakhe "ngoba zokuqaleka." On amaphepha bonke bukhomba, futhi uhlole akekho umuntu, ngakho-ke, nika loan.