"Jasmine Revolution". Othungele "Jasmine Revolution"? Lalikuphi "Jasmine Revolution"? Ngiyiphi inarha lapha?

"Jasmine Revolution" libhekisela kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi "umbala linemibhikisho". Lisho ukuthini leli ibinzana? Le nguqulo lesifanele zalesi simo sibizwa ngokuthi isenzo mass eliphikisayo, ngokuvamile kuholela lwabangela ukushintsha kukahulumeni. Ukwehluka zonke neminyaka khona kwalezi amasu okugumbuqela imibuso, ephethwe futhi ikhokhwe kusukela ngaphandle, kukhona imibhikisho emelene nohulumeni e China ngo-1989, eyaziwa ngokuthi "Tiananmen." Inguquko akazange athathe indawo. Zonke ezinye linemibhikisho bebelokhu "yimpumelelo enkulu".

Ingqikithi umbala linemibhikisho

Indlela bekungeke kube kwezombusazwe lesifanele ukubiza lezi kuhlukunyezwa, empeleni zingabantu US kanye iphrojekthi UK ukuketula uhulumeni esisemthethweni ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union, emazweni Warsaw Pact atheleka kanye amazwe yezwe yesithathu, ezihlanganisa amazwe e-Afrika, e-Asia, naseLatin America naseMpumalanga Ephakathi. Eyokuqala ngokukhethekile "umbala" revolution senzeka eLisbon ngo-1974 futhi wabizwa ngokuthi "uhlobo lwembali enephunga elimnandi Revolution". Lokhu kwalandelwa "revolution ophuzi" ePhilippines, eyaqala ngo-1989. Bese yini nje imibala nodumo kwanoma yisiphi isitshalo hhayi kuphela elibizwa ikhokhwe ngaphandle izenzakalo olunegazi, umenyezelwa njengezindaba ngokwethu "intando abantu ..."

osobennorsti ejwayelekile

"Jasmine Revolution" esenzeka Tunisia ngezigaba ezimbili, kukhala - ikakhulukazi ingxenye yayo yesibili - zonke ziye zaba canons we-classic. Lezi, okokuqala kunakho konke, wamemezela njengoba "ngaphandle kwegazi" shintsha kwamandla, okuyinto njalo umelwe kobushiqela noma umbuso kobushiqela. Endaweni yabo kuza, yebo, umbuso wentando yeningi. Isici esiphawulekayo umbala linemibhikisho iyona ukusebenza izimali ezahlukene kanye nezinye izinhlangano, ezihlanganisa izindlu zamanxusa, ngetimali "Abavukeli". Lezi zenzakalo njalo uqale nge imibuthano "ngokuthula" abantu abacindezelekile segcekeni, ikakhulukazi maphakathi, ngenxa okuyinto izwe kamuva embozwe izikhumbuzo kuya Izisulu zala izinxushunxushu.

izimpawu zokuqala

"Jasmine Revolution" kwaba okufanayo. Igama Yanika imbali, okuyinto uphawu kazwelonke yaleli zwe - jasmine. Isinyathelo sokuqala kwakuwukunqoba shift ngaphandle kwegazi 7 Novemba 1987 Habiba Burgiba - umongameli wokuqala we-Republic of Tunisia. Ngenxa yalokho, kwaphenduka amandla eyabelwe amasonto 6 kuphela ngaphambi kwalokho, uNdunankulu Zine El Abidine Ben Ali. Waba umongameli unomphela, futhi lokhu kwaba esinye sezizathu esiyinhloko esigabeni sesibili, noma "jasmine yesibili yokuvukela" ezenzeka ekuqaleni (Januwari-February) 2011.

yokuqalisa

Zonke "umbala linemibhikisho" naphezu kwempatho ubunikazi ephelele izindlela futhi kwezikhathi izenzakalo kube nezizathu ezahlukene ngoba ukunganeliseki izingqimba ngabanye labantu amandla ekhona futhi iphuzu kusukela okuyilokho, eqinisweni, qala nezibhelu. "Jasmine Revolution" (esigabeni sesibili) owaqala ngokuvukela isenzo self-immolation uzibophezele edolobheni Sidi Bouzid (central Tunisia) umthengisi imifino, zokukhungatheka zikaMohamed Bouazizi oneminyaka engu-26 ubudala, umnikazi zaseyunivesithi. Isenzo kwakuyisenzo kufezeke Dec 17, Jan 4 Bouazizi abafa emajele ngenxa yokuphathwa ukusha ebanzi. Efaka ngokumelene nangobudlova we amaphoyisa kanye nobuphofu. Iphoyisa lesifazane, abakwasidlodlo babaphuca nezimpahla ngokuphelele, kanti ngaphambi kwalokho edelelwa esidlangalaleni futhi hit nomthengisi. Akubuzwa, kamuva waboshwa, yena utholwe ngoba yokushoda kobufakazi. "Jasmine Revolution" kuleli zwe kwaqala esikhathini ngokufa Bouazizi.

Icebo lika Ngempela ngaphandle kwegazi

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi isici balelizwe, etholakala enyakatho ye-Afrika, izinga eliphezulu lemfundo, futhi kwaba ngempela ongaphakeme ngaphansi uMongameli wokuqala futhi inkohlakalo. Kodwa ngesikhathi ukususwa ngumengameli ukuphila ehhovisi Habib Bourguiba kwaba iminyaka engu-84, okwakunginika ngokomthethosisekelo kwesokudla wokuvelela Ben Ali ukwenza umbuso ngaphandle kwegazi, ebhekisela isihloko 57 ( "ngenxa yezizathu zempilo"), umthetho eziyisisekelo yezwe.

Lokhu kungaba isiqalo esihle

Phakathi nokubusa Ben Ali, ngokuvumelana UN, zaziphawuleka ukwanda 10-ngeshumi ingeniso kazwelonke uwile 14 kuya 3.8% we isibalo sabantu abadla imbuya ngothi lengenako, izwe wangeniswa WTO. Ngenxa impilo entsha (kusukela ngo-2003) umongameli waqala inkathi entsha Ukukhanyiselwa - iziqiniseko umthetho edingekayo ukuze sithole wonke Tunisian emfundo secondary. abantu abayizigidi ezingu-9 kuleli zwe sase izikole 5000, ngenkathi abasesigabeni esiphakathi kwaba 60% izinga labantu Tunisian. Kungani i-"Jasmine Revolution" ngabe saqala ngePhentekoste lezi zilinganiso? Izwe 2010 waba GDP elilingana 39, 6-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane. Kodwa lokho uma abadayisi bophezela samopodzhog Bouazizi.

Inthanethi enkonzweni abahleli "umbala linemibhikisho"

Indaba wathola eziningi emphakathini sibonga i-Inthanethi, futhi manje-ke kuvela ukuthi kuleli zwe lenqwaba intsha abafundile abasebenzi, kukhona izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali omkhulu, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, esifundazweni sase-nenkohlakalo obabazekayo. Ulwazi mayelana okunethezeka ayekubona yena nomkhaya kamengameli, laziwa obala - abantu abavamile bashaqeka. Kuningi "Jasmine Revolution" waqala, wathatha umfazi wesibili Leila Trabelsi uMongameli, sibonga ngalo nenkohlakalo kuleli lizwe yanda.

Hhayi nezibhelu nokuvukela

Ngemva kokufa yenza ngokuphelelwa yithemba iziqu imifino abadayisi abasha abhikisha emigwaqweni, izinkulungwane zabantu, okokuqala e Sidi Bouzid, bese ezweni lonke, ngoba uhulumeni kanzima wacindezela ukusebenza kuqala - babebaningi kabi ababili kwathi yamanxeba akhe esibhedlela. izimfuno Economic ukushintsha we zezombusazwe. Manje, izibhelu namaphoyisa abantu 50 kwabulawa endaweni emaphakathi. "Jasmine Revolution" e Tunisia kwashesha. Futhi, naphezu ukuthula imicimbi maphakathi TV, ngiyabonga kwi-Inthanethi labantu ukuthi kwakwenzekani empeleni. Futhi lapho umongameli zilethwe ikheli isiqephu isizwe, okuyinto wathembisa ukwakha amathuba emisebenzi 300,000, ingasaphathwa wezwa.

Kusukela uthando ukuba sizonde

Awuzange ukusiza ukukhulula nesithembiso zonke lezo ebambekile ngenxa isiyaluyalu ukufuduka kusuka kokuthunyelwe zangaphakathi isikhonzi Rafika Belhadzha Kacem. It akuzange kuwumise isingeniso mass wewashi nebutho amayunithi ukuhambisana. Isiqubulo "Ukufa Ben Ali!" Ingabe kuragela. Kwathatha isikhathi esingaphansi kwamasonto amabili ukuba umongameli, nowayesebuse leliya lizwe iminyaka engu-23, waba ayakhethwa kuposi izikhathi 5 ne Inkomba 99% ukusekelwa labantu, ngokushesha wanyamalala Tunisia nomkhaya wakhe. Januwari 14 at 17:00, kwamenyezelwa ukuthi Zine El Abidine Ben Ali babaleka kuleli. Amandla sekudlule ezandleni ezempi.

Zonke elilodwa nesimo esifanayo

Okunjalo esisemthethweni umbusi offset isikhathi kuholela ukukhanya kulokho empeleni "Jasmine Revolution", owaqala futhi yaqhubeka ukuhola isinyathelo zenzeka. Yebo, futhi izenzakalo ezalandela asishiya singenakho ukungabaza ukuthi iletha we kancane uquqaba ukuziphatha elikhona ngokoqobo, futhi kwenzekani zifana ezinhle kakhulu futhi isenzo pre-okuhleliwe. isixuku Angry akazange ivumelane. Mohammed al-Hanus, yowayengundunankulu futhi ekugcineni ukuthatha likaMengameli, ethembisa abantu kwekuhlela kabusha okusheshayo yeningi. Kodwa njengoba iqembu beqala ukuthatha isinyathelo labaphangi engamalungu amaqembu ezigebengu. Population ekuphenduleni amakomiti abantu sika zidalwe. Enkundleni, iNkantolo Yomthetho-sisekelo, ekugcineni bancishwa yonke imibuso futhi esephunyukile umongameli undunankulu al-Hanus.

chaos elawulwa

Okwesikhashana ukulawula isimo sidlulile ezandleni isikhulumi Fuada Al-Mobzaa. Esimisiwe sokuba ukukhethwa umongameli omusha, baye izinsuku ezingu-60. Ukulingisa umongameli liyala wonke kuleyo al-Hanus ukudala uhulumeni ubumbano lukazwelonke. Wamemezela ushwele zonke iziboshwa zezombusazwe, wavumela zonke party owawuvinjelwe kuwo. Yiqiniso, ukuqala uphenyo maqondana inkohlakalo abamele uhulumeni wangaphambili. A kwenza ukuthi isinqumo Kayisilutho ngaphandle wangaphambili undunankulu. Futhi "Jasmine Revolution" uyaqhubeka futhi. Ezweni lapho kuye kwaba ukushaqeka ezinjalo ngaphambili emzabalazweni kanye inkohlakalo umbuso odlule ababethatha abasizileko elichumayo yayo?

Enye inyanga Prime linamathela esihlalweni sakhe

Emigwaqweni inhlokodolobha Tunisian, ababhikishi waphinda ukuza nezidingo nokususwa amandla bonke labo ikati leliya lizwe ngaphansi ababesekela uhulumeni wangaphambili. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke senyunyana sithi hhayi uhulumeni wesikhashana zesikhashana. Futhi konke lokhu kwenzeka ngo ngesonto lokuqala emva indiza kaMongameli. Ngo-January 23, uqala omunye obunokuthula, kodwa manje ebusuku, nge amakhandlela, okubonisa ukuthi ekuseni liphenduka hooliganism mass nge The Smashing amawindi ezakhiweni zikahulumeni, evuthayo izimoto nezinye ukwabelana bendabuko imibhikisho "nokuguqulwa" yezakhamuzi. Imiboniso bafuna ukwesula al-Hanus yokuthola amandla, futhi kakade ngoFebhuwari 25 ezitaladini aphume abantu abangaphezu kuka-100 eziyinkulungwane. Izinombolo 27 lesula.

Ezenye ayenawo

UNdunankulu Beji iba Quaid-Essebsi, futhi owayengungqongqoshe. Ngokwe-UN, "Jasmine Revolution" abiza lizwe 1.6-euro ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane, izwe ilahlekelwe e wabulala abantu 219, kwalimala 510. Ngemuva lalo libe njenge injabulo adlula phezu kwamanye amazwe aseduze - le mihlangano ngokuthi "Arab Spring" .tak lokho Eqinisweni-ke kwakha "jasmine yokuvukela", lapho ukunqoba kwakhe? Ngokusho kochwepheshe, ezindleko zezimali ezidingekayo emazweni onke ehlaselwe sikhathi ngokuthi "ukuklaba Arab", yaba yizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu 225 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Ngokuqondile Tunisians, kodwa nokuziqhenya, 'babengabafokazi ngowokuqala, "azikho izinto azifezile. Futhi, ukwahlulela nge ulandele uhlelo lokuhlelwa kabusha ngokushesha kakhulu ayezozibusa esifundeni, singakhuluma ngokuphepha ka isenzo kahle lohleliwe, ezicashe nekwetfula "le nokuguqulwa mass isinyathelo kombuso wobushiqela."

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi imbangela yalezi zenzakalo eziyiqiniso kwaba umzabalazo ayezozibusa phakathi Anglo-Saxons neChina emkhakheni ukukhiqizwa hydrocarbon - uwoyela negesi.