Izindlela zokuvimbela ingxabano. Ukunqandwa kokushayisana enhlanganweni futhi esikoleni

Ingabe kungenzeka khona ukungqubuzana in iqembu komphakathi njengoba samabanga aphakeme? Yiqiniso, yebo, uma isikole esigodlweni ongumBuddha Tibet.

Ukungakwazi ngakususi izingxabano zokuphila kwansuku zonke - indlela ekuthuthukiseni izimfanelo yabantu ngabanye

Ekuphileni kwethu kwansuku zonke kungekho izingxabano nokungezwani siqu - a nakancane mkhuba. Ukuze ukuxabana futhi ukushayisana izintshisekelo emphakathini akuvezi izibhicongo ezinkulu noma ezincane kwezenhlalo, kumelwe sifunde ukuphatha izingxabano. Phela, yini umphakathi? Lena iqembu esiphila futhi abathembele kuzo - umndeni, esikolweni, emsebenzini. Ukungqubuzana akufanele uvumele ukuba zizenzakalele ngenhlanhla. Uma ungeke ukwazi ukubeka eceleni kwabo kusuka ukuphila phakade ke ukungifundisa zithwala ukungqubuzana, ukuthumela amandla okubhubhisa ekubhujisweni endalweni.

izingxabano Bashukunyiselwa ngaphakathi jikelele zemfundo yesibili

Ukuze umshado uphumelele ukungqubuzana zokuvimbela, kubalulekile ukuqonda okushiwo izinkinga, okuholela esiya ngokuya siba sibi of ubudlelwano phakathi kwabantu. Kulesi sihloko, sizoqhubeka ezimweni ezihlobene izingane. Lokho, sicabangela ukungqubuzana njengengxenye inqubo yokufunda isikhungo sakho semfundo.

Ukungqubuzana oluhlobene nokuphila esikoleni, ngokuvamile kuthinta izithakazelo isencane phakathi nangaphezulu, abazali babo noma abameleli nothisha, futhi kwezinye izimo abasebenzi ngisho zokuphatha kanye technical izikole zamabanga.

Izinhlelo ezivimbayo futhi isinqumo izingxabano, kwemibono impilo yasesikoleni, zidinga indlela ehlakaniphile futhi ibe nobuhlakani. ukungalingani, Social izinkinga zokuphila kwezifiki, yobudala kanye nezici bokuphila - konke lokhu kufuna sengqondo ekhethekile ekwakheni isakhiwo ubudlelwano phakathi kwamalungu izigaba ezahlukene emphakathini. Ngo umongo esikoleni esiphakeme kubalulekile ukwakha ubuhlobo ingxabano-free, hhayi nje phakathi abafundi, kodwa futhi abafundi kanye nothisha, nasemkhatsini wabothishela nebatali, kanye nasemkhatsini wabothishela kanye nabanye abasebenzi lesikhungo. Lawa izakhi ezidingekayo zohlelo kwi inhlangano ngendlela enempilo zokuphila esikoleni kanye nokuvinjelwa ezinhle ukungqubuzana zenhlalo esikhathini esizayo.

Ingxabano njengendlela mqondo nomphakathi

Ingxabano - kokuhilizisana izintshisekelo elinye lamaqembu amabili noma ngaphezulu ehilelekile olulodwa kubo, inqubo nomphakathi, kodwa ngasizathu simbe ebezingathuntubeza nomunye ukugcwaliseka imigomo isethi.

Ukunqoba kuwukuphikisana ukuthi zisenza sibe nesimo ingxabano, njalo kuholela ukuba bathuthuke. Uma-ke kwadingeka ukuba iphendukele unqobe ukukhangana yezindlela ngoludala, ekuqaleni ingozi engaba yokuya nasemuva, ngamanye amazwi, koSanta.

Izindlela ngenxa ukuvimbela izimpi zihlanganisa isiqu ukuphikisana oholele okuvela izinhlangano Okusizayo izikhundla okukhethekile, kanye nokubaluleka kwayo. Ingxabano kusiza amaqembu kuvisisa izinjongo zabo futhi sifinyelele ukutholakala yabo kunqunywa.

Ukunqandwa kokushayisana enhlanganweni, umndeni noma ithimba izingane lihilela ukuthola ukuthi ungubani imithombo isimo elimazayo, futhi ukukhomba amabutho ukushayela eqondisa inqubo ethile Ukungqubuzana izithakazelo.

paradigms komlando tembangave

Ingxabano zomlando likhombe paradigms ezimbili ezikhona uma kwenzeka inhlekelele ubudlelwane - ngokwengqondo nezenhlalo.

Isizathu ngokwengqondo is phetho umehluko Ubumnene, uhlamvu, indlela abantu abakhuliswe ngayo yokucabanga.

Komphakathi izimbangela ngokuvamile eziyimbangela Isizathu ukuthi ukungalingani kwezomnotho, kanye umbuzo isimo.

Isifiso uthole okuningi okuthunyelwe okunenjongo futhi eziphambili esikoleni, izinzuzo ekwabiweni yokufundisa amahora baphokophelele othisha ukuba ngimbuze maqondana nozakwethu futhi ephikisa uqobo kwabanye ababambiqhaza enqubeni nomphakathi.

Ukuzama ukukhulisa isimo sabo phakathi odokotela nabo futhi uphendulela izingane zibe abangabamba iqhaza empini.

izingxabano ezihlobene Ingabe Zikhona Izimo Ezenza

Lo ukungqubuzana in the isikhungo kwelinye abasebenzi ingase ibangele ephathelene nokungqubuzana kwezinhloso zenzuzo ezihlobene inhlangano inqubo zabasebenzi. Kungaba wobujamo ungubani yabantu ngabanye. Kungabangela kokubili ubudlelwano olusemthethweni nalolungakahleleki phakathi kwamalungu ngamanye kwabasebenzi.

Ngokuphelele ugweme izingxabano esikhathini nokushoda kwezidingongqangi ezidingekile ingxabano-free khona akunakwenzeka, ngakho udinga zokuvimbela isixwayiso futhi kungenazo izingxabano.

Isidingo nokumisa zezimpi

Kunezinhlobo ezahlukene izingxabano. Labo iluphi okuzoxoxwa ngalo kulesi sihloko zihlobene inhlangano kwezinhlangano yesibili zemfundo. Ukunqandwa kokushayisana enhlanganweni oba emahlombe umholi weqembu. Ukuze silondoloze isiyalo subordinated umphakathi wakhe, kumelwe akuqonde uhlobano phakathi abantu abangcono futhi lishonile kunesikhumba abasebenzi abavamile, futhi acabangele yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, bayakwazi ukwenza destructively phezu sezulu ngokwengqondo iqembu.

Ukuze ufunde indlela nezimo esibucayi, okuyizinto izingxabano kufanele kube ukuba baqonde okushiwo lomkhuba. Ukuze uzwisise imvelo ingxabano kudingeka ufunde indlela ukuhlukanisa izihlanganiso enobungozi - imithombo engaba ezingase zibangele izingxabano kwalo emphakathini.

Ukwahlukana ngohlobo ukungqubuzana

Zonke izingxabano zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana.

1. Socio-ngokwengqondo, umndeni kanye yasendlini, ngemibono kanye ukukhiqizwa futhi izingxabano kwezomnotho kukhona izingxabano, i umhlobo e kwemikhakha nokubonakaliswa.
2. Ukungqubuzana futhi ezihlanganiswe ubude kanye ukushuba. Zingaba jikelele kanye lendawo, indolent futhi zeziyaluyalu, oyingozi futhi slabovyrazhennymi.
3. Basuke ehlukaniswa esifundeni, ngamanye amazwi, kungenzeka ekuchumana, intergroup, ekuchumana iqembu intrapersonal-.
4. Elinye iqembu siqukethe izingxabano khona into kokungqubuzana - okubizwa ngokuthi yangempela (neziqinile) izingxabano. Uma engekho onjalo into - ngokulandelana, ngiyaphupha, ukuthi kuyize.
5. izimbangela abahlukahlukene nemithombo Lokudabuka emenza ukuhlanganisa ibe iqembu elilodwa izingxabano bemvelo inhloso kanye subjective, ukungqubuzana kwezinhloso orientation siqu komphakathi, kanye izingxabano ngokomzwelo, ezenhlalo nezezimboni.
6. Elinye iqembu ligxile orientation yekuchumana kokungqubuzana. Lokhu kungaba mpo, ovundlile, futhi uhlobo exubile.

Incazelo kanye reorientation kokungqubuzana Vector

Ukungqubuzana, njengoba sazi, angeke nje ngomqondo ongathandeki, kodwa futhi omuhle. Zingaba kokubili elimazayo futhi ezakhayo njengoba elimazayo futhi zokudala. Lezi izimfanelo eziyisithupha ziyabhekelelwa e ukuhlaziywa ngemiphumela emphakathini. Ukunqandwa kokushayisana esikoleni njengoba omunye okukhethwa kukho ekuxazululeni izimo ezibucayi phakathi kwentsha nabafundi esikoleni samabanga aphansi bahlinzeka ngokuvamile zisebenzisa indlela yokuqondisa kabusha ukungqubuzana vector.

Esinye isigaba - ngenakugwemeka futhi ophoqelelwe, okuvele kuhlelwe, ezinengqondo futhi inkanuko, ovulekile futhi lifihlakele. Kuyinto zonke izinhlobo ezahlukene futhi lamadigri ukushayisana.

Ngokusho komnikazi ububanzi nezindlela kukhona izingxabano abasiphikisayo futhi ukuyekethisa, encibilikayo, zingaxazululeki futhi kancane oncibilikayo.

Real (isihloko) udweshu olubangwa ikhombisile ngokucacile izizathu. Izinjongo yabo ibonakala kwenkululeko ezingaba kulesi simo esithile.

ukungqubuzana okungenanzuzo (ngiyaphupha) kubangelwa khona kufihlwe, acasukele zanqwabelana kanye nemizwelo emibi. kungqubuzana akavamile zinenjongo ezakhayo.

Isihlanganiso isici naphakathi eyeve eshumini nambili

Impilo yasesikoleni ubuswa intrapersonal, ekuchumana, intergroup neqembu ekuchumana-izingxabano.

Ngokuba iningi ejwayelekile intrarole intrapersonal kanye inter-indima imibango. Inter-indima ukungqubuzana kwenzeka uma umuntu uphoqelekile ukuba badlale abalingiswa ababili noma ngaphezulu. Ngokuvamile lezi zimo obonakaliswe ukuphikiswa emagugwini alungile.

Ukuze afeze ukungqubuzana isimo intrapersonal oluthandwa kwalezi zimo:

• Kukhethwa inala izixazululo ehlukile. Ingxabano kwenzeka uma ungaqiniseki.
• ukungqubuzana Intrapersonal kwenzeka uma ukhetha okungcono sompofu, bathi, lo esingconywana. Ukumelana kwangaphakathi - ukungqubuzana intrapersonal.
• Ingxabano linombono okuphambene. Kwenzeka lapho nozakwabo kukhona zengqondo akuhambisani ezahlukene inkinga.

kuphakama Intergroup izingxabano lapho zemibono benesidingo kanyekanye ukubamba iqhaza ngokuhlanganyela phakathi amaqembu amabili noma ngaphezulu ukuba iphuzu okuphambene umbono ngale ndaba. izimo ezinjalo cishe njalo umumo enezinkinga.

division izingxabano engenhla ngempela ezivamile. Ekuphileni kwangempela, ngefomu okumsulwa noma uhlobo olulodwa ingekho. Kodwa ukuze ukunqandwa kokushayisana e isikole ukuze sibe abafundisi abaphumelelayo, kumelwe bakwazi ukuhlukanisa futhi bahlele izimo eziyinkimbinkimbi ezingavela enqubeni yokuxhumana.

Njengoba izingxabano kukhona isici ebalulekile yikuphi ukuxhumana ngaphakathi eqenjini, zokuvimbela ukungqubuzana ukhonza iwukudambisa imiphumela emibi lomkhuba okungenhla. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuphathwa anekhono ingxabano, ukulawula ithimba othisha, kanye umsebenzi nabazali kungaba neqhaza ngcono ukusebenza umfundi, bese udala microclimate enempilo esihlukile, futhi abasebenzi yokufundisa lesikole iyonke.

Umncintiswano njengendlela ukusebenzisa ukungqubuzana kuhambisana ukudalwa

Kunezindlela ezihlukahlukene lokuvikela ingxabano, isibonelo - mncintiswano. Isifiso ukufeza imiphumela ephezulu ku cwaningo nesiyalo kuwuhlobo umfutho ukuze ubumbano collective nokuhloniphana. Nokho, nazo izingozi zayo. Amaqembu alwayo, munye omunye eqenjini, ebiyelwe off kusukela mncintiswano. Igcwele ukuvela ukungqubuzana wemacembu. amandla angeziwe, uthole ukukhuthazwa, kungase senqabe aqhubeke nomzabalazo, kanye party buthaka uzoma alwele ukwenza kube nomphumela elinqobile. Kulesi simo, abasebenzi imfundiso ukuphathwa sikole kufanele kube njengoba ngobumnene ngangokunokwenzeka nababonelelayo indlela ukukhethwa umcimbi target. Yilelo nalelo lungu kumele nethuba wangempela ngokuwina ngo yimuphi umdlalo inikezwe.

Ukusebenza abazali njengendlela ukuthonya sezulu esikoleni

Omunye nemisebenzi ukungqubuzana ukuhlonza izinkinga eside, kubukela phansi sezulu enhlanganweni, okungukuthi, eklasini, esikolweni nobe emndenini ethile.

Ukunqandwa kokushayisana kuthomba ukuba ukuqhuba ikilasi amahora enikelwe izindaba zezingane. I umsebenzi wengqondo esikoleni kufanele okuhloswe ngaso ukuqapha isimo ngokwengqondo abafundi. Ngezinye umzali nebafundzi wesikhathi kufanele kunikezwe imfundo ekhaya, ukugxila ezivamile futhi siqinile isikhathi eside zokuziphatha futhi izimiso zokuhle.

Ngokombono obusebenzayo umbono, imiphumela emihle futhi ewusizo akunakubangelwa ukungqubuzana ukufeza ukuqonda, ukuqedwa sokuhambisana, ukuzalwa trust, ekuqiniseni ubudlelwano phakathi wamazwe enobungane.

Negative (enezinkinga) ngemiphumela ingxabano - lokhu kuwukwanda ubutha ngaphakathi eqenjini, ukugwema izinkinga kanye ezihambayo ezinehuha lesikole nemfundo ku angaphandle, ngokuvamile singumuntu ongazethembi uma kuziwa ezinganeni. Ngenxa yalokho - ukuvela izinkinga ezintsha, okungase kuthinte kokubili ngabantwana nangabantu abadala.

Kusukela nemisebenzi ukungqubuzana zithonye sphere impahla kanye ngokomoya nangokuziphatha, ukuze makathabathe inkambo yabo - ngakho basengozini enkulu nje lezi zici zokuphila amalungu ethimba.

Misa ukungqubuzana ethimbeni zezingane kungaba kunoma yisiphi isigaba

Misa ingxabano kungaba kunoma yisiphi isigaba. I ngaphambili inkinga isibonakele, ezincane ukulahlekelwa kwamaqembu alwayo uzohlupheka.

Ukumelana nodweshu Amaqembu eziphikisanayo noma yangaphandle akazibandakanyi isenzo, okungukuthi, umlamuli hlangothi, wahlanganyela isinqumo lesi simo.

Ukunqandwa kokushayisana e iqembu:

• kusenesikhathi izinkinga ezingase liyochukuluza ingxabano ekubikezeleni ukuthuthukiswa isimo;
• Vimbela izingxabano by inkanuko ezinye;
• neutralization kokungqubuzana.

Izinyathelo zokuvimbela ukuba nemiphumela emibi okubangelwa ukuphikisana mutual amaqembu aphikisayo

Ukunqandwa kokushayisana ukuvimbela ukuthuthukiswa kubhekwane nesimo esishubile obungaholela ukubhujiswa isimo sezulu evamile kuleli qembu. Ukuvimbela ukwehluleka eziqondisweni ezimisiwe kwanoma iyiphi inhlangano, kuhlanganise izikole, kungumsebenzi umqondisi. Ukunqandwa kokushayisana Pedagogical - iyona kokulandela esifike izinguquko ezenzeka esikhathini ubuhlobo ababeholwa, ikhono lokubikezela okwengeziwe zigigaba zenzeka kanye nokuvimbela imiphumela engemihle.

izindlela Ingxabano zokuvimbela zihlanganisa uhla izinyathelo. Bonke kufanele ngokuqinile kuyalandelwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi nezindlela zokugwema ukungqubuzana kufanele kube leitmotif lenhlangano umsebenzi we izici ezinkulu futhi eziyinkimbinkimbi psycho-bokuphila enjalo zeziphathimandla, amabhizinisi, kwenzeka kanjani esikoleni samabanga aphakeme.

Kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwane lobambiswano yezenhlalakahle singakapheli kothisha othisha ezizohlala yokuphatha izikhungo zemfundo, kanye phakathi abafundi. Ngezinye wemtali nathishela kumele iqhutshwe umsebenzi ochazayo ku isingeniso zibe nomuzwa isidingo sokuba abazali ukwenza imizamo ngokuhlanganyela emfundweni yezingane e umoya collectivism futhi umsebenzi womphakathi. Nyusa ukubekezelelana nokuhlonipha abameleli-non-titular bezizwe - kuba zokuvimbela ephumelelayo izingxabano interethnic. Okwamanje, le nkinga sibi kakhulu, futhi ngokuvamile iba imbangela ingxabano.

Umphathi kufanele ukwakha ubudlelwano ngaphakathi eqenjini, ikhumbula izici ngabanye kanye nezici zabo ngokwengqondo. Ngesikhathi kunikezelwa imisebenzi iqembu labantu okufanele unamathisele ukubaluleka kokuthanda mutual ukungathandwa ngabanye.

Yezimfuneko zoMthetho "Kwezemfundo", Wobudlelwano Ikhodi kanye Charter of semfundo kufanele libukwe ngokuqinile.

Isisusa - omunye umthelela ukhiye oseqenjini kanye nokuvinjelwa ezinhle ingxabano. Okunekhono ifa isici esiqokiwe uyakwazi ukusiza ngempumelelo ekuvimbeleni zonke izinhlobo izigameko ezingezinhle.

othisha Shona futhi umsebenzi wokufundisa kufanele bafeze imisebenzi yansuku zonke ukuhlanganisa abafundi futhi uphendule zonke izinhlobo izingxabano. Prevention of ebuntwaneni izingxabano kakhulu oba emahlombe othisha. Izingane ukuchitha isikhathi sabo esiningi esikoleni. Ukuxhumana nabazali isikhathi esingaphansi nontanga yabo. Nokho, umndeni kunethonya elikhulu ku kwemizwa, ukusebenza umsebenzi womphakathi ingane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukunqandwa kokushayisana umndeni ngezinga elithile iyona othisha ekilasini msebenzi.

Ukuqapha systematization ka izihlanganiso enobungozi

Ukuxilongwa ukungqubuzana ihlose ukuqaphela ukushuba kwemizi. Imiphumela yaloku kuhlola okungenhla Socio-ngokwengqondo ingxabano siwukuqaphela ukuthi hlobo luni umthelela ekuziphatheni kanye ukwazi yomuntu ungaba lokhu noma lokhuya ukuthuthukiswa izenzakalo, kungakhathaliseki kuba engqubuzanayo yini noma cha. Amandla okwenza kanye nombono ocacile ukuthi isimo siyini, isipiliyoni subjective futhi umgomo we abantu abahilelekile, kanye Psychology ingxabano ayisihloko nengxabano.

Ngezinga elithile ezinhle zokuvimbela ukuba ahlaziye izimo enezinkinga ezikhungweni eziye zenzeka esikhathini esidlule futhi zalotshwa ezincwadini ku pedagogy nekusombulula ukungqubuzana nomphakathi, kanye ekutadisheni ezimpini ezihlukahlukene ngesimo ukuqeqeshwa nokuhlolwa.

Kubeka Ingxabano

Kanfliktnuyu isimo, kwatholakala ukuthi nginesifo ngendlela efanele usaqala, kulula ukuyeka kakhulu ngaphandle kokulinda lwesigaba ezibucayi. Ukuze wenze lokhu, thatha izinyathelo ezithile. Okokuqala kubalulekile ukuba akusho isakhiwo ingxabano ke-scheme jikelele ukuthuthukiswa jikelele isimo.

isakhiwo ukungqubuzana ihlanganisa izici ezilandelayo: isihloko ingxabano, izihloko ingxabano, ubudlelwane phakathi kwezinhlangano yangaphandle isimo senhlalo kuyalithinta kwezihloko.

uhlelo Universal siqukethe amabili izigaba - lwamazwi ukuziphatha non-ngamazwi phakathi kwezinhlangano zentando walandisa okushiwo ingxabano, ukuze izenzo phesheya, ukuze izindlela zokwenza buthaka isitha, kukhethwa ongakhetha ukuqinisa izikhundla zabo. Kubalulekile ukuthola isimo sengqondo amaqembu ngokwezinga walungisiswa injongo yabo nalokho kusho bakulungele wagqoka ekwenzeni lokho okuhleliwe. A indima ekhethekile kufanele inikwe izenzo okuhloswe ngaso ukudalwa ngomfanekiso ayo futhi umfanekiso isitha.

Kubalulekile ukuchaza umgomo oyinhloko we ingxabano. Defined nokukhuluma kubahlanganyeli umphumela wokugcina we izingxabano, okungukuthi, lokho kuzoholela ekuthuthukiseni isimo, kwezinye izimo, kuba ukuphela nokungqubuzana uqobo.

Lokho inkinga ingavuselelwe, kufanele zihlolwe ngokuningiliziwe ingxabano kuzo zonke izindawo. izinyathelo Esifike Ngesikhathi kuthathwe maqondana inkinga efanayo kuyinto zokuvimbela hhayi laba kuphela, kodwa nakwezinye izimpi eziningi.

Sebenza kudalwa sezulu enempilo kunoma iyiphi inhlangano, kuhlanganise esikoleni, kanye ukunqandwa kokushayisana enqubeni yomphakathi, ababambiqhaza kumele kwenziwe njalo.

Njengoba isikole, isakhiwo ubuntu izikhungo zezingane kwezemfundo kanye nemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle ewunikwe yiSigungu umphakathi, zidinga indlela baqaphele ngokukhethekile futhi enokulinganisela ukunqandwa kokushayisana ukule isakhiwo.