Wechsler ihlola izingane kanye nabantu abadala: incazelo. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale: version zezingane (ezasenkulisa)

Nice ukukhuluma indoda ekhaliphile abangakwazi ukusekela noma yisiphi isihloko, ngesikhathi ukwenza ihlaya futhi zibe zimbi nakakhulu. Abantu abanjalo bathi abe ezingeni eliphezulu intelligence. Kuyini lokhu umqondo futhi yini amazinga kwakhona?

IQ - kuyini?

Intelligence libhekene njengendlela izinga elithile psyche womuntu, evumela ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezishintshayo zokuphila. Iphinde itholakala ikhono ukufunda okuthile okusha, baqonde futhi basebenzise ulwazi nokuhlangenwe nakho kwawo. Level of intelligence - kuba isilinganiso esithile, wezwakalisa njengoba ukuhlolela ambalwa of ikhono lomuntu ukuzivumelanisa nezimo omusha ophilayo.

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

Ukunqunywa ezingeni intelligence anazo izazi eziningi, kodwa ethandwa kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva izinga Wechsler. Sikhanyisiwe ngo-1939, it ikuvumela ukuba ukuchaza izici ezihlakaniphile izici ingane futhi omdala ku uhla kusuka ezintathu kuya iminyaka engamashumi ayisikhombisa nane ubudala. Wechsler ukuhlolwa zisuselwa imodeli phezulu bokusungula, beyizidalwa eziphakeme kunazo zonke okuyinto lwamazwi esisebenzayo (non-ngamazwi) biko.

Umlando nesenzakalo zokuhlola sokunquma retardation engqondo ekuhlolweni

Ngo-1939 yabonakala inguqulo yokuqala esikalini - Bellevue, lapho "Bellevue" - igama emtholampilo. Wexler wasikisela izivivinyo zakhiwa ukuxilonga amakhono engqondo lwabantu kusuka eminyakeni eyisikhombisa kuya eminyakeni engama-69 ubudala. D. Wexler wagxeka osebenzayo ngesikhathi ukuhlolwa, main owawungumnyaka test Stanford-Binet. Wayebheka kubo engafanele izifundo isigaba omdala zabantu, njengoba beye benza ngokugxila ngesivinini, okuyinto okunzima asebekhulile. Futhi kukhona test khona abangu imisebenzi bakudala ikakhulukazi ubudala zezingane.

izici zayo

Isici nobuntu lokhu indlela yokuhlola yikhono ukumboza ibanga elikhulu ubudala, zihlukanise test Wechsler - version zezingane, okunikeza incazelo eqondile potentialities kwezobuhlakani ingane futhi ukukhomba amaphethini ukuthuthukiswa intelligence. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imiphumela eyatholakala ku ukuhlolwa elotshiwe bengqondo ngoba uphethwe efanele.

Yiziphi ukushintshwa le nqubo?

Wexler wenza subtests inyunyana kokuqukethwe kanye lobunzima. A IQ engqondo uqondiswe yobudala.

WB (Wechsler-Bellevue Adult Intelligence Scales) - kunalokho, kwaba esikalini bokusungula abadala. Ephenywa kushintshiwe kabili. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-1949, sabona ukukhanya Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale WAIS, okungukuthi Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. It kakade bekulokhu indlela zifane, elithengiswa ngekwebulili kanye nobudala. Kulawa, 1700 abaphenywe engu-16 kuya eminyakeni engu-64, futhi 475 - 60 iminyaka nangaphezulu. I Standardization uyakucabangela hhayi kuphela ubudala, kodwa futhi isimo professional kanye nemfundo. Ububanzi Imininingwane yakhelwe uhla iminyaka eyishumi ayisithupha. Main criteria subtests - kuyinto:

• okusezingeni eliphezulu ukuhlanganisa ingxenye nezinye ukuhlolwa;
• umehluko ukusebenza, okwenza kungabi umphumela othile amakhono athile noma ukuntula kwabo;
• kungenzeka eziphethweni eziqinisekile ngokuvumelana imiphumela yokuhlola.

Namuhla, kunamabandla amathathu izinhlobo ukuhlola: WAIS test (abadala kusukela engu-16 kuya ku-64), WISC (izingane nentsha eminyakeni 6,5-16,5) kanye WPPSI (izingane eminyakeni 4-6.5). Ukuze lithathelwe Russian Federation lidlule zokuqala ezimbili kuphela: WAIS futhi WISC.

amabhlogo test

Kulesi indlela kuhlanganisa amabhlogo amabili:

• ngamazwi ehlanganisa 6 subtests;
• ubonisa kanjani ukuthi uyangeneka - 5 subtests.

Ngo block ahlo- jikelele zamakhono (nokuqwashisa) abatholako (ngekuvisisa), izibalo, ukufana (ukufana) ngokuphinda isichazamazwi amadijithi. A non-ngamazwi okukhulunywe ucwaningo emkhakheni izingxenye ezingekho, izithombe ngokulandelana kwazo, ukusetshenziswa cubes of Kos, ukuma eligoqiwe, ukusetshenziswa ukubethela. Yonke imisebenzi ahlelwe ngokulandelana okwandayo ngekujula kusuka ezingeni kuya ezingeni. By ukuhlolwa isikhathi kuthatha ihora elilodwa phezu lesigceme, futhi enye - ukubhekisiswa kwemiphumela. Lapho efeza acabangele sigaba sobudala, njengoba kukhona ehlukile test Wechsler - version zezingane, futhi ehlukile - abadala.

Yini kubonelelwe imiphumela yokuhlolwa?

Ukuze afingqe imiphumela kungenxa amazinga amathathu ukucubungula nokuchaza imiphumela. Izinga lokuqala - ukuhlolisiswa emamakini Imininingwane, ukukhalipha ngamazwi nangezenzo. Esesibili - imiphumela cwaningo kusukela ekubalweni izinga elifanele, iphrofayli elilinganisiwe imisebenzi igcwaliswe. Isinyathelo sesithathu Nakho ukuchazwa iphrofayli ngabanye ukuziphatha lesigceme ngesikhathi inhlolovo, nenye idatha yokuhlola. Ngokufanayo iphathwa Wechsler test omdala ezasenkulisa, ukuhlaziya imiphumela imisebenzi.

Ukusebenzisa inguqulo yakudala ukuze kuvezwe umphumela othile, uchwepheshe sinquma "ezimanzi" ukuhlolwa lokuqala isifundo ngasinye. Wabe Finqa eqanjekisiwe amatafula ezihambisana imiyalelo, ilihumusha ku standard futhi ubonisa iphrofayli. kokuhlaziywa Verbal non-ngamazwi futhi kufanele eligoqiwe eceleni bese unquma ukuthi uyafaneleka nemingcele, esekelwe jikelele IQ amatafula.

Incazelo Wechsler izikali amasu

Indlela kuhlanganisa isikali ngamazwi non-ngamazwi futhi. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa izinkomba ezifana:

1. Scale ukuqaphela jikelele linamakhasi 29 imisebenzi okudingeka iphendulwe. Lena sitholakele ezingeni ulwazi elula, ngaphandle ukuqeqeshwa okukhethekile theory. Kunjalo - iphuzu elilodwa, izimpendulo okungalungile akufakiwe.

2. Silinganiso ukuqonda iqukethe 14 imisebenzi semantic cwaningo umthwalo izinkulumo nokucabangisisa. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi izinga le ngokunemba - kusuka zero kuya amaphuzu amabili.

3. Aritmethikhi siqukethe imisebenzi 14 enkambweni isayensi izibalo lemfundo aphansi. ukuhlolwa Oral, lapho ukunakekelwa Uchwepheshe kubalulekile, okuyinto cwaningo. Ubheka kalula idatha yokusebenza isikhathi sokuphumula.

4. Thola ukufana lezinto - imisebenzi 13 ukuhlonza imikhakha jikelele lezinto. Lesi sigaba conceptuality ezibalulekile. Kulinganiselwa kusuka zero kuya ezimbili.

5. Khumbula amadijithi - uchungechunge amadijithi 3-9 (Lalela futhi ngomlomo ukuphinda) kanye amadijithi 2-8, okuyinto ukukhiqiza kabusha oda reverse.

6. Silulumagama yakhiwa 42 imiqondo. Kulesi sifundo isipiliyoni yomlomo, lomqondo, okunenjongo. Eziyishumi amazwi kulesi sigaba ithathwe ulimi kwansuku yokuxhumana, amabili - unayo i ezingeni isilinganiso eyinkimbinkimbi, 12 babo - imiqondo longeke watibona netintfo theory. Izilinganiso bavezwa kusuka zero kuya ezimbili kukho ngayinye.

test omdala Wechsler - inguqulo ye ubonisa kanjani ukuthi uyangeneka intelligence ukuhlolwa. Kuhlanganisa 5 zinyathelo:

1. idatha Character (ukubethela) - amadijithi 100 imizuzu 1.5.
2. ihluzo eziphezulu - ucezu 21 (20 amaminithi).
3. Hexahedron Cossa (40 cubes) - ukuhlangana umdwebo amabhlogo.
4. Ukungaguquguquki - 8 uchungechunge amakhadi.
5. Ibuthelelo lezinto kusukela izibalo - 4 imisebenzi.

Hlola umphumela zezobunhloli le ndlela, njengoba test Wechsler izingane, incike isiko jikelele umntwana futhi kwakhiwa ukusebenza kwakhe esikoleni. kwenziwe ngempumelelo imisebenzi ezihlobene ezingeni IQ jikelele, kodwa futhi kunqunywa zofuzo. Kule kusobala ukuthi izinga yokufuna nemakhono ekukhuluma ngetimphawu kanye nolwazi eyonquma impumelelo yayo kanye izinga lemfundo.

Incazelo Imiphumela

Iphuzu ezithakazelisayo kakhulu noma iluphi uvivinyo lube iyona Imiphumela ukuqaqwa. Lokhu kubhekiswe kuzo zonke izindlela, ngoba umuntu ukwazi ukuthi kungani esechithe isikhathi eside kangaka nokuthi kukuwe kohlaka isihloko akhethiwe.

Wechsler intelligence test nakho kuhilela Imiphumela ezithile ukushiyana kwezidalwa. Lesi sici sokukhula kwengqondo ngazo amabanga ezilandelayo:

• Ezingaphezu kwezingxenye ezintathu IQ okusezingeni eliphezulu - amaphuzu 130.
• High - 120-129.
• Good - 110-119.
• Ephakathi - 90-109.
• Bad - 80-89.
• Boundary zone - 70-79.
• Phansi (ukungakhuli kwengqondo) - kuze kufinyelele 69.

Izici version zezingane test

isikali inkinga izingane zesikole (iminyaka 6,5-16,5) kuhlanganisa subtests nambili esifanele WAIS, kodwa lapho umuntu eba lula futhi okuningi okufana nohlobo imisebenzi subtests "uxhaxha".

Wechsler ukuhlolwa ezasenkulisa zihlukile kuleyo "ukuqonda" esikhundleni "izinombolo ukukhumbula" futhi "Labyrinth" - in the "esephepheni." Ngesikhathi sokuhlola, ngamazwi izingxenye ubonisa kanjani ukuthi uyangeneka enye ukuze ingane kalula sokwetshisa umsebenzi, nizenze. Ukubala IQ izifundo ezengeziwe musa acabangele.

Subtest "Labyrinth 'lihlanganisani imisebenzi kancane kancane ukwandisa nobunzima ngokubulawa. Ngenxa yalesi inikeza isikhathi esithile (ukuthola), khona-ke iphutha ebalisisiwe.

Ngo-1967 wabona WPPSI ekhanyayo, ehlanganisa 11 sub-ukuhlolwa, enye yazo - osizayo. Eight of them are engasindi futhi ziye ingashintshwa ukuze WISC, kwathi abanye abathathu baboshwa - ngokuphelele entsha. Ukuhlonza Ukugula ngokuvumelana le ndlela kungaba kwenziwe ngezigaba ezimbili.

iyunithi ngengxoxo yomlomo kufaka lokhu: zamakhono, uhlu lwamagama, ikhono izibalo, efana, ukuqaphela funa.

Kulesi test nokulungiswa isikali yilezi: ukwakha indlu isilwane, ihluzo phezulu, labyrinths, be-Jomethri wesifunda amabhlogo wokwakha - hexahedron Kossa.

"Iziphakamiso" esikhundleni selithi "izinhlamvu ngekhanda" kule block, okuyinto ithathwe eBhayibhelini WISC, bamsola esikhundleni noma iluphi uvivinyo lube ngamazwi, noma wasebenzisa ngokwehlukile.

Subtest "indlu isilwane" esithathwayo esikhundleni "ukubethela" we WISC futhi siqukethe amakhadi nge sitfombe senja, inkukhu, inhlanzi namakati. Ingane ifaka izindlu ngokuhambisana ukhiye.

izimo zayo

Lapho ububanzi bokusungula inqubo cwaningo ukuhlolwa izingane ziqala kuphela ngemva nokugqugquzela lesigceme. Khona-ke abantwana kuphela Wechsler test show imiphumela yangempela. Kuyadingeka ukuba uzame ukusetha i ingane omuhle, usebenzisa ukumamatheka nokudala isimo sengqondo esiqondile.

Ingane akufanele uzizwe sengathi ukhishwa ukuhlolwa. Ukungena ukuhlolwa idinga ukuba ngendlela playful. Imibuzo washayelwa a pronunciation ecacile nenembile. Zonke izimpendulo, ngaphandle ngokucacile omubi, kufanele ikhuthazwe. izimpendulo Akuphumelelanga ukuncela, futhi ngenxa yokuthula, ingane Uchwepheshe kufanele ukhuthaze amenze ukuba alandise. Ngu umsebenzi olandelayo ingahambi kuze sithole impendulo kulowo eyedlule. Lapho ukuphikisana kudingekile ukukhetha ukuthi ulondoloza ilungelo ehola imibuzo "kanjani?". Eminye imibuzo kulesi simo kukhona ayibalulekile, ngoba ubeke izingane esimweni esinzima.

Okungenzeka futhi lolu khetho, nalapho ingane yenza umsebenzi ngokungalungile. Khona-ke wezifo ukuhlolwa kufanele kube sengathi njengoba uma ebengalidluliselanga wakuphawula, unikele ingane yakho ukwenza ezindla impendulo embuzweni olandelayo. Ngemva impumelelo ekuphenduleni elandelayo ukuhlolwa isihloko isikisela ukuze ubuyele umbuzo odlule.

Indlela intsha ngaphansi kweminyaka eyi-16, lapho bephumelela kulolo vivinyo ingane Wechsler omdala nakanjani ezifanayo, nge zincane kakhulu izinguquko okufanele nobudala.

Ukuhunyushwa izinkomba non-ngamazwi version zezingane test

IQ (Wechsler test) ihlaziye usebenzisa okuza. Kubalulekile unake okukhethekile ekuthuthukiseni izingxenye non-ngamazwi ingane. Ososayensi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi uphethwe ubonisa kanjani ukuthi uyangeneka ubanzi kakhulu e ububanzi.

Sicela uqaphele ukuthi imiphumela yokuhlolwa ebuntwaneni kakhulu ingase ishintshe lapho ushintsha izimo zokuphila, imfundo imfundo yengane. Indlela isifanekiso akakwazi ukuba silubonise ngokugcwele ukuhlakanipha kwabo ngamunye, ngoba engenzi acabangele izici ashukumisayo ukuthuthukisa amakhono engqondo. Kungalungile ukusho ukuthi IQ okusezingeni eliphezulu - akusiwona buchopho. Kaningi kuyenzeka ukuthi abantu intelligence okusezingeni eliphezulu ongabonakali emphakathini, kwesilinganiso - okwenza impumelelo enkulu professional. Iqiniso lokuthi impumelelo kuncike intelligence ethize, okwakhe yokucabanga, amabutho ukulwela ekufinyeleleni imigomo kanye nezinye izinto. Awukwazi sebekubeke bathi ekupheleni the test on ezingaba bokusungula, ukuthuthukiswa umkhawulo ingane. Lokhu akwamukelekile neze kusukela iphuzu zokuziphatha umbono.

Ukuthi lolusuku incazelo imiphumela yokuhlola

Kungenxa yalesi sizathu, kusukela kadokotela wezengqondo sidzinga umsungulo encazelweni imiphumela, okubonisa ongaphakeme ezingeni bokusungula. Wechsler test incazelo kusikisela ukuba khona ezahlukene Imininingwane amasu yokudlulisela. Uma kuziwa isikhathi ukumemezela imiphumela isazi kumelwe sikwenze ngaphandle kokunezela noluncane ezingeni eliphansi ukukhalipha, nokunika ithemba umuntu wazisa naye Ngeke sigcine lapho, ukuze athuthukise.