Credit card: amakhadi asebhange, umklamo, umsebenzi, izici nokusebenza

Sekuyisikhathi eside amakhadi Plastic Amabhange sekuyingxenye yezinto ezenziwa ezikhungweni yilowo nalowo yesimanje. Futhi kukhona ngenxa yezizathu eziningana. Othile - iholo, elinye - umfundaze noma usizo lwezimali ezitholakale credit cards.

Izinhlobo amakhadi asebhange, izimo ukutholakala kwawo, ukusebenzisa, izindlela Ukuvalwa, kanye nomlando walo yomkhiqizo wezezimali, ungafunda ngokufunda kulesi sihloko. Liphinde amasistimu ngamazwe ethandwa kakhulu izokwethulwa, ekubhekaneni Ukukhishwa ikhadi plastic kanye nokwesekwa.

Umsuka nomlando okwalandela yentuthuko

Cabanga amakhadi, kusukela isikhathi lapho kwaqala ukuvela ikhadi lasebhange kuqala.

I boom yezitolo e-America e-zamashumi amahlanu ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka, kanye emhlabeni wonke, wasebenzisa imali amafomu amabili: ukheshi kanye non-cash.

Uma ifomu lokuqala zonke ecacile, esitobhini yesibili ku-akhawunti yakhe.

imali cashless ke babe amasheke zamasheke. abasebenzisi yamanje of amakhadi epulasitiki ukuqonda zonke izici ezingezinhle ukusetshenziswa yamasheke:

- kungenzeka manga;

- yokubhalisa eside wokusebenza ngamunye;

- njalo kudingeka baphathe isheke paper, eyayikhipha kungalimala kalula.

Phakathi naleso efanayo American ukuhwebelana boom, lapho inani ukuthengiselana commercial wandise izikhathi eziningana, isidingo sokuba ithuluzi thembeke Ihlola sawohloka kakhulu.

Okokuqala, amakhadi asebhange ibukeke ucezu evamile amakhadibhodi lapho kumele bafake imininingwane yabo.

Bona saya siba ngcono, ezingeni anda Ukuvikelwa.

Ngendlela lapho bonke esetshenziswa nokubona amakhadi namuhla, kwaqala ukukhiqizwa phakathi nawo-70 CE ekhulwini elidlule, ngokushesha ngemuva kokusungulwa itheyiphu kazibuthe.

Kuyini ikhadi ebhange?

Ngaphandle kokuya ngokwezezimali, singasho nje - kuyisihluthulelo kuya -akhawunti yasebhange, lapho ungase ukwazi ukwenza imisebenzi ebalulwe esivumelwaneni (ukuhoxisa kanye deposit imali, ukukhokha izikweletu, njll ...).

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi lokhu ucezu plastic lingelalabo oluphethe akhawunti. Lokhu kuyiphutha, njengoba umnikazi ikhadi lesikweletu kuyiqiniso ebhange elikhiphe. Umuntu ongumnikazi we-akhawunti yekhadi - kungcono nje umnikazi ikhadi.

Kanjani ikhadi ebhange?

Kuze kube manje, nama-credit, kungakhathaliseki umenzi, abe ukuma ejwayelekile kanye nosayizi. ISO 7810 - indinganiso icacisa yini okufanele ikhadi lasebhange. Izinhlobo amakhadi asebhange, abalwe ngezansi, kunezinhlobo ezahlukene, kodwa nemingcele ezilandelayo ezifanayo:

• usayizi - 85,6 kuya 53,98 mm;

• khona tape kazibuthe;

• khona okungenzeka chip;

• ohlangothini front iqukethe isithombe (isithombe sangemuva), kanye logo kohlelo lokukhokha, inombolo yekhadi, igama umnikazi walo futhi igama inyanga unyaka olungena kuyo;

• ngemuva ohlangothini iphethini ukhona; Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona i-tape kazibuthe, indawo umnikazi isignesha ikhadi futhi ikhodi ekhethekile imfihlo ehlanganisa amadijithi amathathu noma amane.

Yiqiniso, zikhona ezinye ngaphandle, kuncike nebhange elikhiphe. Ngokwesibonelo, ezinye izikhungo zezimali oda photo mikhondo umnikazi ekhadini ebhange.

Izinhlobo amakhadi asebhange

amakhadi ngezigaba kumele kukhiqize amaqembu athile ukuze ngokukhalipha ukuhlwaya kubo ngohlobo. Ngakho, uhlobo yokukhokhelana lapho amakhadi umsebenzi, zingabantu:

• wendawo;

• ngamazwe.

Maqondana ne-akhawunti yekhadi lakho:

• eziyisisekelo;

• ezengeziwe.

Ngokusho uhlobo cindezela:

• embossed;

• neembossirovannye.

Amakhadi ingahlukaniswa phezu imisebenzi kungenzeka ku:

• ibalwa noma lasebhange;

• credit;

• esikhokhelwa credit cards.

Izinhlobo amakhadi asebhange ingahlukaniswa futhi isimo kanye nezinga amasevisi anikezwa ngendlela elandelayo:

• osheshayo (engabhalisiwe);

• ejwayelekile;

• igolide;

• -platinum;

• premium.

On the Iqiniso eliwumhlaba:

• real;

• ebonakalayo.

amabalazwe Local Uyi Into yokukhokha esebenza ohlelweni lokukhokha kuphela eyodwa, ezisebenza ensimini ka umbuso owodwa.

International, esikhundleni salokho, enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba zenze izinkokhelo kuwo wonke umhlaba, nge ikhono uhlanganyele nabanye izinhlelo zokukhokha.

Ethandwa kakhulu izinhlelo zokukhokha ngamazwe kukhona Visa (emhlabeni share emakethe - ezingaphezu kuka-50%) kanye MasterCard (u-30% wabo bonke emhlabeni of amakhadi epulasitiki). Endaweni yesithathu American Express, okuyinto kuthatha cishe u-18%. Isibonelo amakhadi eyakhishwa Russian Federation, nesebenzela emhlabeni wonke, kuyinto ikhadi lemali "Tinkoff Bank".

Ukuze akhawunti eyodwa ikhadi ingakhishwa njengengxenye ikhadi main kanye ezengeziwe. Umnikazi we ikhadi main kufanele ube ngumnikazi we-akhawunti yekhadi.

Abanikazi of amakhadi ezengeziwe kungaba ubani, kodwa kufanele ukuba kuvunyelwane akhawunti ikhadi umnikazi.

amakhadi embossed

amakhadi okunjalo ingahlala isikhathi eside kunaleso neembosirovannye, ngenxa yokuthi isibalo kanye nekhadi usuku lokuphelelwa isikhathi, kanye negama umnikazi negama layo akuphrinthiwe futhi embossed ku plastic.

On amabalazwe ezivamile ngokushesha okukhulu kusulwe zonke imibhalo ngenxa ukungqubuzana njalo isikhwama, ephaketheni, futhi i-ATM. Ikhadi, embosser embossed (idivayisi ekhethekile), qinani ifomu yabo impela isikhathi eside.

Yini engingayenza ne ikhadi?

Ngokusho ohlwini ngaphezulu izinhlobo amakhadi epulasitiki, bona ingahlukaniswa phezu ukuthengiselana kungenzeka. Cabangela lezi zinhlobo kabanzi.

Ngokwesibonelo, ezimbili uhlobo olufanayo e amakhadi Visa Classic uvumele abanikazi babo ukwenza imisebenzi abahlukene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi isigaba credit card kancane kuphela inquma izici ezitholakala abathwali yabo.

Into yokuqala sicabanga debit card (Kubalwa). Zisetshenziswa sokufinyelela inhlokodolobha ukulingana ka ikhasimende yasebhange, ngubani ezibekwe phezu akhawunti yekhadi.

Mshini yomsebenzi wabo ilula - kuqala udinga ukubeka imali noma ulinde nokudlulisela ku-akhawunti, bese usebenzisa ikhadi cash ingasetshenziswa nganoma isiphi isikhathi lapho kukhona ukugcina ohambelana.

Nye of them fana kungenziwa ngokuthi idiphozi. Isibonelo salokhu ikhadi lemali "Tinkoff Bank", okuletha imali umnikazi ngenxa yokuba khona we uxhaso inzalo engako, futhi ezihlukahlukene ibhonasi izinhlelo.

Futhi, debit card akhishwa amabhange, ngokusekelwa amanethiwekhi ukuhweba. Ngokwesibonelo, ibalazwe "Ummbila" kuyinto jikelele inkokhelo yezimpahla kanye nezinsizakalo inethiwekhi "Euroset", kanye nabalingani bayo.

amakhadi esikweletu

Kukhona futhi ama-credit card. Ngokungafani zinhlobo langaphambilini, ziklanyelwe ukusebenzisa imali yokwebolekwa. Ngokwesibonelo, une Mastercard amakhadi esikweletu nobungako ayizinkulungwane 10. Ruble.

Uma uphelelwa izimali zabo, ungasusa leli khadi okwengeziwe, ikhumbula kumkhawulo 10,000 p. Ngaphansi imigomo yenkontileka, kuzodingeka ukubuyela izimali enkampanini yezimali, ngokubeka imali ikhadi lasebhange, futhi ukhokhe imali ngokusebenzisa kwabo ngesimo isithakazelo uma isivumelwano esinjalo inikeza.

Zingaba ezihlukene kakhulu, kuye ngokuthi indlela ibhange abize inzalo emalini loan. Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona ekhethekile amakhadi esikweletu okuyiwona onayo akhokhe inzalo kuphela uma kwehluleka ukubuyela izimali, ngokuthi oyithandayo ngesikhathi ekhethekile. Ngokuvamile kuba izinsuku 30-40.

Esikhokhelwa amakhadi esikweletu lutho kodwa sengathi isitifiketi evamile isipho, kodwa uhlobo jikelele ngaphezulu. Nale ikhadi ungakwazi ukuthenga kunoma yiliphi esitolo ethile ukuthi kuyisekela le sevisi.

Okungukuthi, ungakwazi oda ikhadi kuqala at 5 th. Ruble, lona umuntu uzokwazi ukukhokha yona ncamashi esilinganayo lapho uthenga izimpahla kuleli esitolo. Umgomo we operation kuyafana ukuthi we izitifiketi isipho.

amakhadi ahlukene ezingeni

Labo amakhadi debit usengakwazi ihlukaniswe izinhlobo eziningana, kuye ngokuthi ezingeni yabo futhi ukutholakala izinketho ezengeziwe futhi izinga lokuvikeleka ebugebengwini zezimali kubo.

La mazinga ngokuvamile zigcizelela isimo umnikazi ngaphandle ezahlukene kakhulu komunye nomunye. Nakuba zikhona ezehlukile.

Izinga aphansi kuleli leso (engabhalisiwe) amakhadi. Ukuntuleka kokukhulumisana akusiyo ngoba akekho enelungelo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi, ngokuyala ngokwakho ikhadi ebhange, uzothola khona manjalo. Ama-oda Bank izitshele kusenesikhathi, kodwa abanayo amagama, kanye negama umnikazi ikhadi. Lawa makhadi ngokuvamile zenziwa ukwenza ukuthenga ezitolo inthanethi.

Baseline (ejwayelekile) amazinga

Khona-ke kulandela ezingeni elivamile. Linomqondo khona amakhadi Visa Classic noma Mastercard Standart. Kusukela amakhadi Instant zihlukaniswa izinga elikhuphukayo ukuphepha ngenxa embossed noma neembossirovannoy ukuphrinta igama kanye nesibongo umnikazi ikhadi. amakhadi enjalo ngokuyinhloko esetshenziselwa ukukhokhela izisebenzi abasebenzi, umthobanhliziyo, izimpesheni nezinye usizo lwezimali.

Kaningi kuna amakhadi igolide atholakala ngesimo Visa Igolide noma Mastercard Gold. Okuqukethwe ikhadi plastic ezingeni hhayi wonke umuntu angakwazi ukukhokhela, ngakho-ke kubhekwa isimo, njengoba kuqhathaniswa nasesikhathini esedlule. Leli zinga ikhadi kungenzeka kakade zihlanganisa ukuba khona chips plastic, okuyinto kakhulu kwandisa Ukuvikelwa ebugebengwini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona amabhange anikeza abanikazi Visa Igolide mahhala ukuze uthole impahla kanye nezempilo umshwalense.

Platinum Visa noma Mastercard kukhona isimo-kunegolide. ngezinye izikhathi Inani lawo livela amanani alinganayo izikhathi eziningana izinga bezinga, kuncike amazinga amabhange. umehluko eqinile kusuka ezingeni odlule akuyona. Ngokuvamile lokhu umehluko kubonakala umkhawulo anda sokufeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene kanye ikhadi.

Futhi ikhadi eliphakeme singekho. Izindleko lamakhadi kuphezulu kakhulu futhi isevisi abiza kakhulu umuntu ovamile. Lokhu kuye kwabangela inketho (amasevisi angeziwe), okuyinto ibhange has a abanikazi mahhala amakhadi afana. Ngokwesibonelo, it is a siqu Umeluleki wezezimali kanye yosizo siqu, okuyinto ungabiza nganoma yisiphi isikhathi.

Ikhadi kungaba virtual

Njengoba kushiwo ngaphambili, ikhadi kungaba plastic hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi virtual ngokuphelele, okungukuthi, otholakala kuphela ikhompyutha.

Lezi amakhadi ekhethekile ayatholakala elektroniki amabhange kuphela ukuze ukhokhe ku-intanethi. Phela, nabo basuke zidinga okungenani Imininingwane - ikhodi ikhadi, usuku lokuphelelwa yisikhathi kanye ekhethekile ikhodi CVV2.

Kukhethwa kufanele ancike izidingo

Ukwazi zonke izici amakhadi, ungakwazi kalula ukhethe efanelekayo. Into ebaluleke kakhulu - kulungile ukukhomba izidingo zabo. Ngokwesibonelo, kungani udinga "credit card", uma Isigwili, kanye ikhadi "Ummbila", uma usebenzisa uhlelo amasevisi "Euroset" noma ozakwethu bayo?

Phawula: ayanda ikhadi ekilasini, le ezibizayo kuzobiza nawe isevisi. Uma ungumfundi, ikhadi igolide ngesikhathi kungekho okuhle. Futhi ngohambo njalo phesheya nokusakazwa ngokwanele enkulu izimali siqu ngaphandle-platinum i-credit card awukwazi ukwenza, sicabangisisa ngazo zonke izinsizakalo okuzotholakala kuwe.