Ama-macrophage - Iyini?

Ama-macrophage - yini leso sidalwa? Noma kumiswa? Yini bazi ukuthi banesibophezelo emzimbeni wethu? Lezi, kanye eziningi lezi zinkinga futhi izophendulwa ngaphakathi sihloko.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Mononuclear phagocytes (noma ama-macrophage) - kuyinto iqembu lamaseli eside waphila ukuthi ziyakwazi phagocytosis. Sinenkosi impela eningi izici ezivamile okubenza efana neutrophil. Njengoba ama-macrophage - abambe iqhaza ngokugcwele izimpendulo eziyinkimbinkimbi ukuvuvukala futhi mzimba, lapho benza amaseli secretory. Basebenza kanjani? Ama-macrophage, efana neutrophil ngu diapedesis ushiye egazini bese uqale ukuya isendleleni - aluka egazini. Kodwa baqondiselwa ezicutshini. Ngemva kwalokho kukhona ushintsho → monocyte macrophage. Futhi endaweni lokufika, bayoba imisebenzi yabo ethize, okuyinto incike indawo yokwakheka. Libhekisela kwesibindi, emaphashini, umnkantsha futhi ubende. Kuzo bayobizwa wahlanganyela ukususwa izinhlayiya eziyingozi kanye nezilwanyana ezincane kusukela egazini. Ngo bakwazi "ujike"? Kupffer amaseli bese mikroglievskie, ama-macrophage alveolar, ama-macrophage, ubende, izindlala zamanzi, umnkantsha - yilokho abayikho ishintsha.

obusebenzayo

On macrophage, ukusebenza kwezitho zomzimba ezimbili eziyinhloko iphathiswe futhi eyenziwa izinhlobo ezahlukene:

1. Ukuyeka antigen corpuscular. It is waziphatha okuthiwa ama-macrophage "professional".
2. Absorption, ukucutshungulwa kanye nokunikeza antigen ukuze T cell. Lezi imisebenzi asezenzile AIC. Lokhu kuncipha ukusetshenziswa ngenxa igama eside tesifundvo micro - amaseli antigen-nekwetfula.

Lapho umnkantsha ka promonocyte kwakheka omdala Ukwakheka ikakhulukazi eziningi kubo iwe (futhi uhlale khona) e-lymphocyte. Ama-macrophage isikhathi eside ukwenza ukusebenza kwabo ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi amaseli eside waphila eziye athuthukiswe kahle mitochondria kanye anolaka reticulum endoplasmic.

Funda kabanzi mayelana imisebenzi

Ngakho siyazi ukuthi, sengathi ama-neutrophil macrophage ushiye egazini angathoma ukwenza imisebenzi ethile. Ngokuvamile, futhi ngokuvamile esixoxe kakade. Manje ake sicabangele ngaphezulu ngokucophelela kunakuwe. Ngakho-ke, kuniketa phagocytosis, ukukhiqiza enzyme, amaphrotheni, sera, prostaglandins, umoya-mpilo radicals, cytokines, leukotrienes. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-macrophage zihilelekile futhi uketshezi of protease hlangothi, hydrolases acid, i-lysozyme, arginase, sebuningini enzyme inhibitor, nucleoside futhi cytokines. Futhi sibonga kubo kuveza zinhlobo oksijini esisheshayo, arachidonic acid. Futhi macrophage - ke kuyimfanelo isebenze chemokines platelet. Kufanele kuqashelwe indima yabo ukubhujiswa isimila cells, nokubhujiswa ezidala intracellular. Esikhathini yokugcina, indima yabo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ama-macrophage kungaba ihlangana zibe amaseli enkulu kukhona ngaphansi kwethonya anti-zasezindaweni jikisa granulomas. zokwakheka ezifana ezithinta inani ekhiqizwa interferon gamma.

indima mzimba

Kodwa ukunakekela enkulu kufanele sikhokhwe ekulweni lenyama, amagciwane namagciwane akhona ngaphakathi amaseli aphethe. Kwasetshenziswa kungenxa yokuba khona izindlela amagciwane emimoya macrophage. Lokhu kuholela yokuthi ungomunye amathuluzi anamandla kakhulu amasosha omzimba isegazini. Kodwa akugcini lapho. Ziyakwazi ndawonye T B lymphocyte zinengxenye amasosha omzimba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akunakwenzeka ukuba wazi indima macrophage e isilonda sisheshe siphole, ukuqedwa amaseli abaselona bebodwa, kwetinhlavu zingcwecwe atherosclerotic. Bona ngokoqobo ukushwabadela izinto ezilimazayo emzimbeni wethu. Lokhu ngisho igama lakhe. Ngakho, e-nguqulo Russian of "macrophage" - ". Idla big" a Futhi kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi lezi amaseli ngempela ukuba mikhulu.

Yiziphi izinhlobo macrophage?

Ngenxa yokuthi ukubuka mfundo izicubu phagocytes, ezingxenyeni ezihlukahlukene zomzimba lokuhlangana ezihlukahlukene "ukuguqulwa". Uma sicabanga ngokuphelele konke, kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, ngakho kuzogxilwa abameleli eziphawuleka kakhulu, njenge:

1. ama-macrophage Alveolar. Ababandakanyeka wamaphaphu ukuhlanzwa emoyeni imuncwe ngu ukungcola ezilimazayo ahlukahlukene nezinhlayiyana.
2. Kupffer amaseli. Basuke etholakala esibindini. Ikakhulukazi wahlanganyela ukubhujiswa amaseli ubudala igazi.
3. Gistotsity. Zihlala izicubu zezinzwa, ngakho ungathola wonke umzimba. Kodwa kuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "ngiyaphupha" by macrophage ngenxa yokuthi ukuthi bekwi ukwakheka uzimele iningi izakhiwo zomzimba, hhayi nje kokubhujiswa izakhi ezihlukahlukene elimazayo.
4. amaseli Dendritic. Aphila epithelium futhi submucosal.
5. Splenocytes. Ziyakwazi ezitsheni sinusoidal igazi emzimbeni futhi bekwi ukuthola nokubhujiswa akusebenzi egazi yakho. Shono ubende ngokuthi emathuneni efile amangqamuzana abomvu egazi.
6. ama-macrophage Peritoneal. Aphila peritoneum.
7. Ama-macrophage ka-lymph. Bahlalaphi, kusobala kusukela isihloko.

isiphetho

It nzima umzimba wethu. It uhlala ezihlukahlukene amaseli ewusizo, ezivuma ezimpilweni zethu kulula. Ziyakwazi macrophage isklyucheniemi. Ngeshwa, ngezinye izikhathi abanayo ulwazi olwanele ukuze bakwazi ukwenza mzimba umsebenzi uhlelo njengoba kudingeka. Futhi lapho umuntu agule. Kodwa inzuzo enkulu amasosha ethu omzimba siyilokho useyakwazi ukuba sijwayele.