Wamaphaphu function. emaphashini Human: ukwakheka kwazo, imisebenzi

Uma nje umuntu uyaphila, ke uphefumula. Yini ukuphefumula? Le nqubo, okuyinto ngokuqhubekayo unikezwe zonke kwezitho nezicubu zihlangana nomoya-mpilo kususa isikhutha umzimba eziwumphumela wokusebenza kohlelo exchange. It wenza lezi izinqubo esibalulekile umgudu wokuphefumula, okuyinto ne senhliziyo ixhumana ngqo. Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-exchange igesi kwenzeka emzimbeni womuntu, kufanele utadishe isakhiwo kanye umsebenzi kwamaphaphu.

Kungani umuntu wayeyolandisa ukuphefumula?

Okuwukuphela kwendlela yokuthola ukuthola umoya-mpilo is ukuphefumula. ukubambezeleka eside akunakwenzeka, ngoba umzimba udinga esinye batch. Kungani ngidinga-mpilo? Ngaphandle-ke ngeke kwenzeke umzimba, ingqondo umsebenzi, kanye nazo zonke ezinye izitho. Nge iqhaza i-oksijini yokuhlukanisa izakhi, amandla ikhishwe, futhi iseli ngalinye okucetshiswe kubo. Breath libizwa negesi lokushintshisana. Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso. Ngemva ikakhulukazi zokuphefumula uhlelo lalala yokuthi kusukela emoyeni wabanjwa emzimbeni eyolanda umoya-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide okukhiphayo.

Yiziphi emaphashini womuntu

Anatomy abaningana eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi variable. Lokhu umzimba kabili. indawo yayo - ngalo ingaphakathi esifubeni. Khanyisa enamathiselwe inhliziyo nhlangothi zombili - sokunene nesobunxele. Nature waqikelela ukuthi kuyenzeka zombili lezi izitho ezibalulekile bavikelekile ingcindezi, ukushaqeka, njll phambi isithiyo kokulimala .. I esifubeni, ngemuva - yomgogodla kanye ezinhlangothini - emaphethelweni.

Khanyisa ngokoqobo eligcwele amakhulu amagatsha ze- bronchi, nalabo esisogwini emaphethelweni yobukhulu bawo-alveoli esingangokhanjana. Ziyakwazi emzimbeni lomuntu enempilo, kukhona kuze amayunithi ezingu-300. I-alveoli zinendima eqakathekileko ekufanele: zinikeza izitsha ngegazi nomoya-mpilo, nokuba simiso esibanzi, ukondla negesi lokushintshisana indawo enkulu. Cabanga nje: bangakwazi ukumboza bonke ubuso inkantolo ithenisi!

Ngokubukeka emaphashini zifane isigamu-Isigaxa, kumila eyakhelene diaphragm, futhi phezulu nge semikhawulweni oyindilinga aphume ashone 2-3 cm ngenhla clavicle. Kunalokho umzimba eyinqaba kukhona emaphashini womuntu. Anatomy of the kwesokudla namanoni aphezu kwesokunxele lihlukile. Ngakho, kancane kuqala ezinkudlwana ivolumu kuneyesibili, ngenkathi esimfushane futhi abaningi. umzimba ngamunye uhhafu imbozwe pleura, ehlanganisa amashidi ezimbili, eyodwa spliced yezinyoni ubambo, kanye nezinye - ne kobuso wamaphaphu. I pleura yangaphandle amangqamuzana yezindlala, ngawo ikhiqizwa pleural ingaphakathi uketshezi.

Ebusweni engaphakathi wamaphaphu ngamunye has ukuba sijulise ebizwe esangweni. Lezi zinto zihlanganisa bronchi, isizinda zazo ine uhlobo umuthi ekhelini, futhi umfula yamaphaphu, bese eshiya pair of emithanjeni yamaphaphu.

emaphashini Human. umsebenzi wabo

Yiqiniso, emzimbeni womuntu azikho izinhlaka yesibili. Okubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphila komuntu futhi engasindi. Hlobo luni nezabelo zabo?

• Basic wamaphaphu umsebenzi - lokufeza inqubo ukuphefumula. Indoda ehlala nokuphefumula. Uma uyeka ukugeleza komoya-mpilo emzimbeni, ukufa kwenzeka.
• wamaphaphu womuntu Umsebenzi ukukhulula carbon dioxide, ukuze umzimba osekelwa ibhalansi acid-ane-alikhali. Ngokusebenzisa lezi zindikimba uyobe ukhululekile izinto oluyingozi: utshwala, i-ammonia, acetone, chloroform futhi ether.

• wamaphaphu womuntu umsebenzi akugcini lapho. isitho Kubhangqiwe namanje ehilelekile ukuhlanzwa igazi, okuyinto eza mbeni emoyeni. Umphumela kuyinto ezithakazelisayo chemical yokusabela. Zomoya-mpilo emoyeni nesikhutha-molecule e-igazi ezingcolile emuva, isb. E. Umoya-mpilo angena esikhundleni se-carbon dioxide.
• Abahlukahlukene wamaphaphu umsebenzi uphinde ubavumele ukuthi iqhaza amanzi exchange ezenzeka emzimbeni. Ngalezi okukhipha 20% ketshezi.
• Amaphaphu abambe iqhaza ngokugcwele inqubo thermoregulation. Batinikela 10% umkhathi lapho ukushisa umoya emoyeni.
• WokuLawula igazi ekunqandeni akuyona ngaphandle iqhaza kule nqubo kulula.

Kanjani amaphaphu akho asebenze?

wamaphaphu womuntu umsebenzi uqukethe emoyeni ku igazi ukuthutha umoya-mpilo, ukuyisebenzisa, nesikhutha unekhemikhali. Khanyisa - emizimbeni kunalokho enkulu soft izicubu sithambile. emoyeni imuncwe engena sacs emoyeni. Basuke ahlukaniswe stenochke mncane capillary.

Phakathi kwegazi amaseli elincane kuphela emoyeni. Ngakho-ke i-izindonga ezondile amagesi imuncwe musa yakha izithiyo okukhuthaza passability ezinhle kuzo. Kulokhu, iphaphu womuntu umsebenzi kukhona ukusetshenziswa kwezimpawu ezidingekayo futhi okungadingekile amagesi. Lung izicubu nokunwebeka kakhulu. Inhalation kuyinto ukunwetshwa esifubeni kanye nokwenyuka kwenani wamaphaphu ivolumu.

Uqhoqhoqho emelelwa ekhaleni, pharynx, amalaka, kuqhoqhoqho, ine uhlobo ngamapayipi of 10-15 cm ubude, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili, ezibizwa ngokuthi bronchi. Umoya odlula kuwo, uya sacs emoyeni. A expiratory wamaphaphu ivolumu ukunciphisa kwenzeka, ukuncipha usayizi kwesifuba, ukuvalwa olungaphelele valve yamaphaphu evumela umoya ukuphuma futhi. Yileyo indlela amaphaphu abantu.

Sakhiwo umsebenzi onjalo ukuthi ikhono umzimba kukalwa inani emoyeni imuncwe futhi abese esikhiphela ngaphandle. Ngakho, ngo-amadoda ke ilingana pints eziyisikhombisa, abesifazane - ezinhlanu. Khanyisa akezi nalutho-neze. emoyeni ezisele ngemuva okhishwa ngamakhala libizwa asalile. Lapho ukuhogela kuyinto ixutshwe nomoya opholile. Ngakho-ke, umoya - kuba abazi futhi equlekile ngesikhathi esifanayo inqubo okwenzeka njalo. Man ukuphefumula lapho elele, kodwa akavumelani sokucabanga ngale ndaba. Kulokhu, uma uthanda kungaba ukuphefumula kancane aphazamisekile. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi ngaphansi kwamanzi.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo ukusebenza kwamaphaphu

Bayakwazi ukumpompa 10,000 amalitha emoyeni imuncwe ngosuku. Kodwa akulona njalo crystal ecacile. Kanye-mpilo enikeziwe ku uthuli umzimba wethu amagciwane amaningi nezinhlayiyana angaphandle. Ngakho-ke, umsebenzi emaphashini isivikelo konke ukungcola engathandeki emoyeni.

izindonga bronchial kuqukethe villi amancane. Bayadingeka ukuze ngilibale amagciwane nothuli. A slime okuyinto ukukhiqiza umgudu odongeni amaseli Athambisa villi, bese kukhishelwa ngaphandle uma expectoration.

Isakhiwo umgudu wokuphefumula

Siqukethe kwezitho nezicubu zomzimba, okunikeza ngokugcwele ukupholisa ukuphefumula. Esimeni samuntu exchange igesi - ingxenye eyinhloko umzimba - kukhona imisebenzi umgudu wokuphefumula. Lesi sakamuva kuphela obhekene yamaphaphu (zangaphandle) ukuphefumula. Kuhlanganisa:

1. ushise imigudu yomoya, ehlanganisa ekhaleni kanye izimbotshana yayo, amalaka, kuqhoqhoqho, bronchi.

Ikhala futhi ingaphakathi layo ukufuthelana, humidified futhi elicwengekileyo imuncwe umoya. nokuhlanzwa wayo ibangelwa izinwele abantamo eziningi futhi amaseli goblet nge cilia.

Ilaka itholakala phakathi impande olimi kanye kuqhoqhoqho. ingaphakathi layo ulwelwesi lwamafinyila uhlukaniswa uba emphethweni ezimbili. basuke phakathi akuyona tho ngokuphelele. Igebe phakathi kwabo ibizwa ngokuthi izwi.

Uqhoqhoqho evela amalaka. I thorax luhlukaniswe bronchi: sokunene nesobunxele.

2. Khanyisa a ezinabantu branched izitsha, bronchioles futhi alveolar sacs. Baqala ukwahlukana kancane kancane bronchi labalulekile eluLwimi tubules yobukhulu ezincane, ezibizwa ngokuthi bronchioles. Zakhiwa isakhiwo amabhlogo ezincane kunazo zonke ukukhanya - amagejambazo.

I Umthambo yamaphaphu ithwala igazi ventricle yangakwesokudla senhliziyo. It ihlukaniswe yaba kwesokunxele bese kwesokudla. imithambo ekhelini kumele lulandelwe ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, Criss-uwela alveoli nokwakha capillary encane.

3. zemisipha uhlelo, sibonga ngalo umuntu akugcini ukunyakaza zokuphefumula.

Lokhu imisipha ubambo, diaphragm. Babuka phezu ubuqotho yomoya futhi uwagcine ezihlukahlukene postures nokunyakaza komzimba. Imisipha igciwane futhi eziphumulele, laba kanjani nesandla ushintsho umthamo kwesifuba. Imbobo yakhelwe esasihlukanisa ingaphakathi esifubeni kusukela besisu. Kuyinto imisipha eyinhloko abathintekayo bokuphefumula evamile.

Man uphefumula ekhaleni lakhe. Ngokulandelayo, emoyeni sidlula izindlela womoya kanye emaphashini yomuntu, isakhiwo kanye nemisebenzi ezihlinzeka umsebenzi okunye umgudu wokuphefumula. Lokhu kwenzelwe nje isici bokuphila. umoya okunjalo kwezinkolo kubizwa ngokuthi i-ekhaleni. Esikhathini ingaphakathi somzimba evuthayo, humidification nomoya uhlanzekile. Uma le mucosa acinene kuyinto wacasuka, umuntu ethimula, bese eqala ukuhlukanisa isikhwehlela zokuzivikela. Acinene ukuphefumula kungase kube nzima. Khona-ke, umoya ongena ngesango umlomo ku emphinjeni. On umoya onjalo bathi zomlomo, eqinisweni, yilokho sokugembula. Kulokhu i- acinene umsebenzi okubangela ezahlukene zokuphefumula izifo ipheshana.

emoyeni uthunyelwa kusukela pharynx ukuba amalaka, okuyinto senze neminye imisebenzi, ngaphezu ethwele-mpilo phezu ipheshana zokuphefumula, ikakhulukazi, reflexogenic. Uma kukhona ukucasuka komzimba, kukhona ukukhwehlela noma spasm. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amalaka onesandla ekukhiqizeni umsindo. Lokhu kubalulekile ngoba noma yimuphi umuntu, njengoba zokuxhumana yayo nabanye abantu kokudabula inkulumo. Kuqhoqhoqho kanye bronchi siqhubeke nokushisa humidify emoyeni, kodwa - hhayi umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko. Lapho efeza umsebenzi othile, bona alawule ivolumu emoyeni imuncwe.

uhlelo zokuphefumula. imisebenzi

Emoyeni osizungezile, ukubunjwa yayo iqukethe mpilo angangena emzimbeni yethu ngokusebenzisa isikhumba. Kodwa senani akuyona yanele ukuze isekele ukuphila. Ngenxa yalokhu kukhona umgudu wokuphefumula. Ethutha izinto ezidingekayo kanye amagesi wenza isimiso sokujikeleza kwegazi. Isakhiwo umgudu wokuphefumula kuwukuthi uyakwazi lokuveza umzimba nomoya-mpilo kususa-carbon dioxide. It wenza imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Lawula kokuqhuba, ke moisturizes futhi degreasing emoyeni, kususa uthuli.
• Kuvikela yomoya ekutholeni izingcezu ukudla.
• Uqhuba emoyeni kuqhoqhoqho kusukela amalaka.
• Kuthuthukisa negesi lokushintshisana phakathi emaphashini igazi.
• Uyisa igazi emithambo yegazi emaphashini.
• Oxygenates igazi futhi kususa-carbon dioxide.
• It has a function zokuzivikela.
• Ukubambezeleka futhi uncibilike amahlule, izinhlayiya of angaphandle imvelaphi emboli.
• Kuhaya exchange of izinto ezidingekayo.

Kuvele Eqinisweni ezithakazelisayo wukuthi ngeminyaka kukhona ukusebenza okunomkhawulo umgudu wokuphefumula. Sehlise izinga ukupholisa umsebenzi ukuphefumula. Izizathu lezi zinkinga kungase kube izinguquko ezihlukahlukene emathanjeni nemisipha womuntu. Ngenxa yalokho, eshintsha ukuma esifubeni, ukuhamba alo incipha. Lokhu kunciphisa umthamo umgudu wokuphefumula.

isigaba zokuphefumula

Lapho ukuhogela i-oksijini evela alveoli yamaphaphu phakathi kwegazi, okungukuthi erythrocyte. Ngakho, ngokuphambene nalokho, carbon dioxide ludlulele ngaphakathi emoyeni, eyayinekheli umoya-mpilo. Njengoba engenayo futhi emoyeni ukuphuma wamaphaphu ingcindezi yayo ukwanda sitho, egqugquzela ukwanda okusheshayo amagesi.

Njengoba exhale, ingcindezi ezidalwe alveoli yamaphaphu ngenhla ozungeze umhlaba wethu. Ucala ukudlula okusheshayo bakhuthele yamagesi: carbon dioxide ne-oksijini.

Noma nini kokuhlaba ikhefu wadala emva okhishwa ngamakhala. Lokhu ngikusho ngoba akukho okusheshayo amagesi, kusukela ingcindezi lomoya asele emaphashini okuncane, kancane kakhulu kunalokho ozungeze umhlaba wethu.

Nakuba mina ukuphefumula - Ngihlala. Inqubo emishinini yokuphefumula

• Ukuze umntwana ngaphakathi esibelethweni, umoya-mpilo ongena ngesango wegazi lakhe, ngakho amaphaphu womntwana kungukuthi abahilelekile, zisuthe ngokuhle ketshezi. Lapho ingane izalwe futhi kwenza umoya wakhe wokuqala, emaphashini ziqala ukusebenza. Sakhiwo umsebenzi kwezitho zokuphefumula yokuthi bayakwazi ukunikeza umzimba womuntu zihlangana nomoya-mpilo kususa-carbon dioxide.
• Isignali ye-of lemali oyifunayo oxygen isikhathi sokuphumula ethize kuthatha isikhungo zokuphefumula, esemgwaqweni ebuchosheni. Ngakho, ngesikhathi sokulala umoya-mpilo edingekayo incane kakhulu ukwedlula ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
• Umthamo emoyeni engenayo emaphashini ilawulwa imilayezo, okuyinto ithunyelwa ubuchopho.

• Ngalesi amasignali oluchobozayo diaphragm, kuphumele esisuka kwesifuba. Lokhu ikhulisa inani okuyinto elalihlala ukunwetshwa emaphashini ngesikhathi lapho ephefumula.
• Phakathi awumoya okhishwa ngamakhala, diaphragm ephumula futhi imisipha intercostal, ivolumu kwesifuba kuyehla. Lokhu kuholela ukuxoshwa emoyeni ovela emaphashini.

izinhlobo ukuphefumula

• Clavicular. Lapho indoda owayesekhokhoba, izingalo zakhe ophakamayo, futhi esiswini onomfutho. Lokhu kubonisa ukugeleza enganele umoya-mpilo emzimbeni.
• ukuphefumula thoracic. It libhekene ukunwetshwa esifubeni ngenxa imisipha intercostal. izici ezinjalo neqhaza zokuphefumula-mpilo saturation emzimbeni. Le ndlela kwenzelwe nje izitho zomzimba kuyinto ekahle kwabesifazane abakhulelwe.
• ukudonsa umoya agcwalise umoya, izigaba engezansi izitho. Ngokuvamile ukuphefumula ngakho umsubathi amadoda. Le ndlela ewusizo ekilasini lokuvivinya umzimba.

Akumangalisi ukuthi umoya - nesibuko yempilo yengqondo. Ngakho, udokotela wezengqondo Lowen iye ngaphawula okukhulu ukuhlanganisa nemvelo kanye nohlobo ukuphazamiseka ngokomzwelo umuntu. Abantu abanemizimba lokusangana, ohilelekile kwezimila esifubeni engenhla. Indoda uhlobo Neurotic ka Uhlamvu ukuphefumula a isisu esikhulu. Ngokuvamile abantu ukuphefumula okuxubile, okuyinto zihilelekile esifubeni diaphragm.

Khanyisa ababhemayo

Ukubhema buhlungu eqinile emagunyeni. intuthu kagwayi iqukethe itiyela, i-nicotine ne-hydrogen cyanide. Lezi izinto eziyingozi unekhono lifake ku wamaphaphu izicubu, okuphumela ekufeni ka isitho EPITHELIAL. Amaphaphu umuntu enempilo lungekho ngaphansi izinqubo ezinjalo.

Ngo ababhemayo ukukhanyisa ezingcolile grey noma emnyama ngombala ngenxa ekuqongeleleni lenqwaba amangqamuzana afile. Kodwa akugcini lapho zonke izici ezingezinhle. wamaphaphu umsebenzi is kakhulu ziyancipha. Qala izinqubo ezazingezinhle nezilonda. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu uhlushwa ezingamahlalakhona obstructive isifo samaphaphu, ezinomthelela ekuthuthukisweni nokuvaleka kwemigudu yokuphefumula. Yena, kubangela ukwephulwa eziningi ezenzeka ngenxa yokushodelwa umoya ezicutshini zomzimba.

ukukhangisa nabantu njalo wabonisa kliphu, izithombe kanye umehluko phakathi kokukhanya obhemayo enempilo. Futhi abantu abaningi abangakaze ugwayi, gidi. Kodwa ungabi ngakho idolo yena, bekholelwa ukuthi umbono ongavamile, okuyinto obhemayo ukukhanya, ayizange ukwenzani nawe. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi umehluko ekhethekile zangaphandle Uma unganakile, akukho. Ngiphakathi-X-ray isithombe noma evamile esifubeni X-ray akazanga, umusi umuntu noma cha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, azikho sezifo akakwazi ukunquma ngokuthe ngokuqiniseka okuphelele, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi umuntu owayewumlutha ukubhema phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe kuze kube yilapho kutholakala izimpawu ejwayelekile: isimo bronchi, yellowing iminwe nokunye. Kubangelwa yini lokho? It kuvela ukuthi izinto eziyingozi sintanta angcolile edolobheni emoyeni, ukuthola emizimbeni yethu ngendlela efanayo njengoba kagwayi emaphashini ...

Sakhiwo imisebenzi yomzimba enzelwe ukuvikela umzimba. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ubuthi ukubhubhisa wamaphaphu izicubu, kamuva, ngenxa ekuqongeleleni amangqamuzana afile, ibe mnyama ngombala.

Kuyini yokukhangisa? Vele phezu amaphosta imibhalo eqoshiwe ngokuqhathanisa zibonisa izidumbu zabantu abadala futhi ingane ....

Ethakazelisayo okumelwe uphefumule futhi ukhulume umgudu wokuphefumula

• Amaphaphu abe usayizi esandleni somuntu.
• Ivolumu abhanqiwe isitho - 5 amalitha. Kodwa alisetshenziswa ngokugcwele. Ukuqinisekisa uphefumula ngokuvamile ngokwanele 0.5 amalitha. Umthamo emoyeni asalile kuyinto amalitha nenxenye. Uma sibona ke ezintathu nje amalitha umthamo emoyeni njalo zigciniwe.
• Omdala umuntu, cishe esingaphansi umoya wakhe. Ngalo mzuzu nosana inhales, exhales izikhathi ezingamashumi amathathu nanhlanu, osemusha - eko, omdala - izikhathi eziyishumi nanhlanu.
• Nge-awara linye, umuntu ukhuluma ayizinkulungwane umoya usuku - ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amabili nesithupha, ngoba ngonyaka - abayizigidi ezingu ayisishiyagalolunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amadoda nabesifazane azinazo izimbobo zomoya ngendlela efanayo. Ngonyaka owodwa, kanti ezokuqala kwezigidi ezingu 670 umoya, kanti eyesibili - 746.
• Ngalo mzuzu umuntu kubalulekile ukuze uthole amalitha ayisishiyagalombili nengxenye ivolumu emoyeni.

Ngokusekelwe osekushiwo, singaphetha ngokuthini, ngokuba ukukhanya ukubukelwa. Uma ungabaza mayelana nesimo uhlelo lwayo zokuphefumula, xhumana nodokotela.