CNS - kuyini? Isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko: neminyango, imisebenzi,

CNS - kuyini? Isakhiwo lesi simiso sabantu sezinzwa kuchazwa uhlobo branched inethiwekhi kagesi. Mhlawumbe lena yiyona ndlela isingathekiso inembe kakhulu kunazo zonke uma kungenzeka, njengoba ngo sesigcilikisha mncane, zemicu zamanje ngempela egijima. Izitokisi zethu ngokwabo ukhiqize microdischarges ngokushesha ukuletha ulwazi kusuka receptor eziyishumi nemitshingo sezinzwa nobuchopho. Kodwa lesi simiso akusho usebenze ngengozi, konke kuncike yokwehlayo esiqinile. Yingakho ukukhulula ephakathi neuropathy isimiso sezinzwa.

CNS

Sibheka lesi simiso kabanzi. Noma kunjalo, isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko - kuyini? Medicine linikeza impendulo olunzulu kulo mbuzo. Lena ingxenye eyinhloko isimiso sezinzwa izilwane chordate futhi abantu. Siqukethe amayunithi kwesakhiwo - the izinzwa. Ngo ezingenamgogodla, isakhiwo sonke libukeka yinhlanganisela Izigaxana abangenathuba anqotshwe ecacile nomunye.

Isimiso somuntu isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko imelelwa kweqembu asebuchosheni nomgogodla. Esikhathini yokugcina ukuhlukanisa wesibeletho, thoracic, lumbar, neminyango sacrococcygeal. Basuke etholakala izingxenye ezihambisana nayo emzimbeni. Ukuze emgogodleni Kunenkolelo bacishe bayifunda yonke amaza neuropathy uvalo.

Ubuchopho, futhi, ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye eziningana, ngamunye ephethe umsebenzi othile, kodwa nokudidiyela umsebenzi wabo neocortex noma cortex cerebral. Ngakho, anatomically avelele:

• stem ingqondo;
• medulla oblongata;
• obungemuva (cerebellum futhi ibhuloho);
• ubuchopho obuphakathi (quadrigemina ipuleti nobuchopho stem);
• forebrain (ama- cerebral).

Ukuze uthole imininingwane ngasinye salezi izingxenye uzobe kuchaziwe ngezansi. isakhiwo esinjalo isimiso sezinzwa kwamiswa ngokuhamba yokuziphendukela kwemvelo ukuze bazondle ngokwabo ku nezimo ezintsha zokuphila.

emgogodleni

Lena enye yezinhlobo ezingu izidumbu ezimbili isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Physiology ukusebenza kwawo akahlukile ukuthi ebuchosheni: usebenzisa eziyinkimbinkimbi chemical compounds (neurotransmitters) kanye nemithetho ye physics (ngokukhethekile, ugesi), ulwazi kusuka amagatsha amancane ezinzwa ezihlanganiswe imiphongolo esikhulu noma lwenteke njengoba ikhaliphe esifundeni ohambelana emgogodleni, noma uya ubuchopho kucutshungulwe.

Emgogodleni ungaphakathi umfantu phakathi nemengamo nemizimba vertebral. It ivikelwe njengoba ikhanda, ezintathu ulwelwesi: kanzima, soft futhi arachnoid. Isikhala phakathi Indwangu amashidi ligcwele uketshezi okuyinto feeds nezicubu sezinzwa, futhi wenza umsebenzi we mfutho ukushaqeka (aluyidambisi kunyakaza ngesikhathi ukunyakaza). umgogodla iqala kusukela ukuvulwa ithambo occipital, emngceleni we oblongata medulla, luphele lokuqala nelesibili lumbar vertebra. Khona-ke kukhona igobolondo kuphela kotshwala eside yezinzwa ( "amahhashi umsila"). Anatomists evamile uhlukanise izigaba futhi izingxenye.

Ezinhlangothini ingxenye ngayinye (elihambisana ukuphakama vertebral) asuke Imicu yotshani sezinzwa kanye motor emsipheni ngokuthi izinqamu. Lokhu izinqubo eside sezinzwa, okuyizinto umzimba ngqo emgogodleni. Ziyakwazi ngalendoda kolwazi nasentsheni evela kwezinye izingxenye zomzimba.

medulla oblongata

Umsebenzi ezithile zesimiso sezinzwa (central) nawo uhilelekile, kanye oblongata medulla. Kuyingxenye inhlangano ezifana isiqu ubuchopho, futhi ukuthintana ngqo umgogodla. Kukhona umngcele esinikelweko phakathi izakhiwo yokwakheka - inezimpabano ipheshana pyramidal. Kusukela kwebhuloho ehlukanisa furrow yayo transverse kanye ipheshana sokuzwa of umhlaba, okukhulunywa ngawo kwenzeke fossa rhomboid.

Umnyombo mkhulu ngokufanele medulla 9, 10, 11 no-12-th cranial yezinzwa zenyuka, zehla izindlela neuronal kanye ukubunjwa reticular. Le ndawo unesibopho ekukhishweni ikhaliphe zokuzivikela, ezifana sneezing, ukukhwehlela, ukuhlanza, nabanye. Futhi kugcina siphile ngokulawula okumelwe uphefumule futhi ukhulume ukushaya kwenhliziyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, e-medulla iqukethe izikhungo kokulawula imisipha iphimbo kanye nokugcina indlela omi ngayo.

kwebhuloho

Kanye cerebellum ingxenye ezingemuva CNS. Kuyini lokhu? Cluster sezinzwa izinqubo zabo, elise phakathi inkatho transverse kanye uya khona okukhipha umbhangqwana wesine nezinzwa cranial. Limelela valikoobraznoe ukuqina kanye ikhefu phakathi nendawo (izitsha elise therein). Kusukela maphakathi kwebhuloho aphume trigeminal yezinzwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, badonswa, baphuma kwebhuloho imilenze engenhla futhi phakathi cerebellum, futhi engxenyeni engenhla the Pons ahlelwe core 8, 7, 6 no 5 th ezinzwa cranial, sokuzwa indlela ingxenye kanye ukubunjwa reticular.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko kwebhuloho kuyinto ukudluliswa kolwazi e okungenhla - ukwahlukana nokukhubekisa engezansi isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Ngokusebenzisa sidlule eziningi zehla ukwehla izindlela ukuthi ukuqeda noma siqale imisebenzi yabo ezindaweni ezahlukene cortex cerebral.

cerebellum

Lokhu ahlukaniswe CNS (sezinzwa uhlelo), okuyinto unomthwalo ukudidiyela, ibhalansi nokugcinwa, futhi silondoloze imisipha ithoni. It is kahle phakathi kwebhuloho kanye ubuchopho obuphakathi. Ukuze uthole ulwazi mayelana imvelo therein enikeziwe amabhangqa amathathu imilenze, okuyinto ukudlulisa yezinzwa.

I cerebellum izenzo abaqoqi Lesisemkhatsini lonke ulwazi. Ukuze kutholwe amasignali kusuka le micu ibe nokuzwela emgogodleni, kanye motor Imicu yotshani ukuthi kuzoqala ngo cortex. Ngemva kokuhlaziya yedatha etholakele, cerebellum ithumela pulses bese ilungisa motor isikhungo isikhundla umzimba emkhathini. Konke lokhu kwenzeka ngokushesha ngakho futhi ngokushelela ukuthi singayiboni umsebenzi wakhe. Zonke automatisms yethu ashukumisayo (dancing, ukudlala izinsimbi zomculo nasekubhaleni) - kungumsebenzi we cerebellum.

ubuchopho obuphakathi

Esikhathini CNS, umuntu has a umnyango ukuthi unesibopho okuqonda sibonwa. Kubo iyona ubuchopho obuphakathi. It liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili:

• Lalimelela ubuchopho stem aphansi, okuyizinto endleleni pyramidal.
• Top - a quadrigemina ipuleti, okuyilokho, eqinisweni, etholakala izikhungo ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa.

Ezemfundo engxenyeni engenhla kuhlobene eduze ubuchopho Lesisemkhatsini, ngakho siphakathi kwabo azinalo imingcele yokwakheka. Evamile, kungaba bazitshela ukuthi kuba commissure posterior we ama- zobuchopho. Ngo ekujuleni nuclei ubuchopho obuphakathi elise eyesithathu ezinzwa cranial - the oculomotor, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nucleus obomvu (it unesibopho control traffic), substantia nigra (omula ukunyakaza) kanye kumiswa reticular.

Imisebenzi esemqoka kule ndawo ye-CNS:

• umumo ikhaliphe (asabela ngayo ezintweni eziqinile: ukukhanya, umsindo, ubuhlungu, njll ...);
• umbono;
• Basabela kanjani umfundi ukukhanyisa kanye yokuhlala;
• Ithuba friendly ikhanda namehlo;
• nokugcinwa lwamathambo imisipha ithoni.

diencephalon

Lokhu kumiswa itholakala ngaphezu ubuchopho obuphakathi, ngezansana nje kwenqaba callosum Corpus. Siqukethe ingxenye thalamic we ngxenye futhi i-ventricle lwesithathu. ingxenye Thalamic kuhlanganisa thalamus efanele (noma thalamus) kanye epithalamus metathalamus.

• I thalamus uyisizinda sayo zonke izinhlobo ukuzwela, uhlanganisa up zonke ukufaka okuphathelene nemizwa esezinika afanele.PARAGRAPH_END motor indlela.
• Epithalamus (epiphysis noma umzimba pineal) kuyinto ndlala endocrine. umsebenzi wayo lomkhulu alawule biorhythms abantu.
• Metathalamus kwakhiwa medial kanye lateral emizimbeni geniculate. umzimba Medial kukhona isikhungo subcortical ezwayo lateral - umbono.

Ilungelo labaqeqeshi hypothalamus iyona indlala pituitary nezinye izindlala endocrine. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulawula ingxenye futhi autonomic nesimiso sezinzwa. Ukuze izinga lokugayeka kokudla kanye nokugcinwa kwezinga lokushisa komzimba, kufanele simbonge amenzela. I-ventricle yesithathu umgodi ewumngcingo lapho uketshezi liyadingeka nikeza CNS.

neocortex

Neocortex CNS - kuyini? Kuyinto division elicinathunjana isimiso sezinzwa, Filo - futhi lokuthenga, walibumba ingenye yezindawo zokugcina, futhi uchungechunge amaseli, ezinabantu egqinsiwe phezu nomunye. Le sayithi cishe isigamu sezindela isikhala ingqikithi hemispheres palsy. Kukhona gyrus futhi sulcus.

Kukhona izingxenye ezinhlanu cortex: engaphelele, parietal, yesikhashana, occipital, futhi insular. Ngamunye wabo unesibopho endaweni yabo yomsebenzi. Ngokwesibonelo, iyizingxenye frontal kukhona izikhungo ukunyakaza nemizwelo. I parietal nezesikhasana - uhlamvu izikhungo, inkulumo, ukunyakaza esihle futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu occipital - ezibukwayo futhi sokuzwa, futhi insula oluhambisana yakhoibrium kanye nokudidiyela.

Lonke ulwazi, okuyinto ziqondakala eziyimpumelelo we-peripheral nervous system, noma kungaba iphunga, ukunambitheka, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, noma yini okunye, ingena cortex cerebral futhi kusetshenzwe kahle. Le nqubo ibizwa ngakho ezenzakalelayo lapho ebhekisela ezinhlekeleleni izinguquko sokugembula, eqeda noma uphatheke kabi, umuntu uba ekhubazekile.

CNS umsebenzi

Ukuze ukwakheka ezinjalo eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengoba uhlelo sezinzwa, libhekene umsebenzi ohambelana. Eyokuqala wabo - lokhu ukubambisana Integrative. Kucondza operation ehlelekile kwezitho ahlukahlukene kanye nezinhlelo balondoloze ukuqinisela imvelo yangaphakathi. Umsebenzi elandelayo - ubuhlobo phakathi komuntu imvelo yakhe, ukuphendula enele ephathelene nomzimba namakhemikhali awo, noma ezishukumisa begazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lokhu kuhlanganisa imisebenzi yomphakathi.

Isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko futhi izinqubo umzimba encompass, isivinini sabo, futhi kukuncane. Ngenxa yale njongo, kukhona izakhiwo ehlukile, ezifana le ngxenye futhi pituitary. umsebenzi engqondo Ephakeme futhi kungenzeka kuphela ngenxa yemithetho isimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko. Lapho lilokhu libuna we uqweqwe siyenzeka, okuthiwa "ukufa social" lapho umzimba womuntu namanje uhlala iphila, kodwa njengoba lomphakathi, akaseyena khona (hhayi okhuluma ngayo, ukufunda, ukutlola kanye ukuthola olunye ulwazi, futhi zizalane ke).

Kunzima ukukucabanga kubantu nezinye izilwane ngaphandle CNS. zomzimba wayo liyinkimbinkimbi futhi akukaqondwa ngokugcwele. Ososayensi bazama ukuqonda ukuthi i-computer owaba umqansa kunayo yonke begazi zonke obabukhona. Kodwa kubukeka sengathi, njengoba "kweqembu ama-athomu ukuhlola ezinye athomu," ngakho intuthuko kule ndawo akakabi okwanele.