I-invoyisi - kuyinto ukulawula okuqinile futhi ngokuphepha lapho laliya khona

Ibhizinisi eyenziwa nabalingani angaphandle, usikisela ubuhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, izingozi ezithile zezimali kanye nezinye. Kufanele ikhumbule namazinga omhlaba kanye nomthetho wezwe umlingani, izimo akhawunti asebhange futhi ukuthuthwa kwezimpahla.

Ukuze kube lula kanye nokulawula ubudlelwane phakathi osomabhizinisi ohulumeni ezahlukene emazweni amaningi ube nokusebenzisa ethile ngamazwe imithetho obumbene neziqondiso izivumelwano namanye amazwe. Ukuze labo nkulumo ihlanganisa imithetho umthethosivivinywa yokulayisha ezokuthutha, kulawulwa zomhlaba kanye yezifiso.

Iyini i-invoyisi? Lona mbhalo ezokuthutha esikhishwe ulwandle yizimpahla umthumeli ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izimpahla ezifikile kubo. Ngamanye amazwi, lo mbhalo singachazwa ngokuthi isivumelwano ikalishi kwezimpahla, esiphakathi wokuthumela ezokuthutha inkampani. I i-invoyisi empeleni ingenye izinhlobo izibambiso.

Lo mbhalo senzelwe zokuhamba ezokuthutha amanzi futhi sisetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni, futhi wabonakala ngenkathi imikhumbi. Ekuqaleni wacabangela i-invoyisi njengoba idokhumenti zokuthutha zasolwandle. Manje ngeso lengqondo indlela elisebenza ngayo, futhi ukuthutha izimpahla ezinye izindlela zezokuthutha (ngokusebenzisa izikweletu of lading).

I i-invoyisi inikeza imisebenzi emithathu eyinhloko:

- kuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwezimpahla emkhunjini;

- kubonisa khona inkontileka ekalishi;

- umamukeli dokhumenti futhi amukela ilungelo wezimpahla yezokuthutha.

Okunjalo izibambiso esikhishwe izinhlobo ezithile. Avezwa izinhlangano ezahlukene shipowners futhi izinkampani zemikhumbi. Lo mbhalo multi-purpose.

Kukhona lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo izikweletu of lading:

1. I-oda. Ingasetshenziselwa consignee ukuze uthumele isihloko izimpahla (ukuba lithengise), ongakaqaliswa thembisa finyelela wo destination, wesithathu.
2. Ibhodi. Uma isitatimende ibhodi lading - okusho ukuthi izimpahla ezilayishiwe emkhunjini.
3. Hlanza. Kube ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi izimpahla zibukeke sesimweni esihle (isibonelo, ukukhubazeka asemaphaketheni).
4. I i-invoyisi kanye ukubhuka. Isetshenziselwa ezimweni lapho induna kukhomba umonakalo obonakalayo ukuze izimpahla.
5. bill Straight ka lading. Isibonelo umsebenzi abahlukene kwamatayitela bokuzisholo. Kufanele kushiwo igama consignee.
6. Kungaxoxwa. It ingadlulela kusuka umnikazi eyodwa kuya kwenye.
7. Umthwali. Imibhalo wadluliselwa ukulethwa nje. In practice, lokhu Uhlobo kuyaqabukela asetshenziswa.
8. Ngesitimu lading komugqa. Lo mbhalo, equkethe yonke imigomo yenkontileka ekalishi.
9. Chartered. Yena kuqinisekisa lamukela izimpahla, okuyinto ziphuthunyiswe izindlela maphepha. Charter - isivumelwano ku ukuqasha umkhumbi ngoba lolo hambo.
10. Ngokusebenzisa i-invoyisi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi umzila ukunyakaza wezimpahla kungaba trans-mpahla amaphuzu. Lapho cargo zokuhamba esebenzisa eziningana ezokuthutha.

I i-invoyisi kumele ngempela ukhombise amagama umkhumbi, esiphathiswa, indawo oya kuyo we wezimpahla ukulayisha omkhumbi, Igama eligcwele umthumeli kanye umamukeli, igama wezimpahla, nempahla, isikhathi kanye nendawo Ukukhishwa i-invoyisi, inombolo yezinto besondele, isignesha likakaputeni.

I-invoyisi - tovaroraspredelitelny le dokhumenti, okuyinto nokuvikeleka. imisebenzi ehlukahlukene ephathelene ne-ukuthengwa nokudayiswa kwezimpahla, i-i-invoyisi kwenziwe ngokusebenzisa ngaphandle ukunyakaza ezingokwenyama izimpahla ngokwabo. Lo mbhalo lingathengiswa, uthenge, idluliselwe, ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile, kodwa futhi uzwakalisa ubunini bempahla elicacisiwe idokhumenti.