Imibhalo Project ukuze kwakhiwe into. Ukwakheka design futhi balinganisela imibhalo

Ukuklanywa Kwazo Nokutholakala ukwakhiwa khona kakhulu ngendlela umphakathi womuntu okhulako. Lezi izimboni kukhona ukushintshwa futhi uhlangabezana ube nezikhathi ezinzima nezimnandi kuncike izigaba futhi ubudala. Isidingo abasebenzi ekwakheni, ezifana abaklami, abaklami ochwepheshe, abahloli, wawuzwa ngokujulile kuze kube sesikhathini samanje. Bonke abasebenza ku umugqa iphrojekthi, ukwakhiwa ezinkulu, sebenzisa esingaguquguquki amazinga nemibandela lobuchwepheshe nokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo. imibhalo Project ukuze kwakhiwe into ihlinzeka ukwakhiwa engabizi, laying izibalo okusekelwe amasu eziphambili.

Ukulawulwa Ukwakheka kwemibhalo design

Iqiniso lokuthi hlukana of khishwa eyinkimbinkimbi imibhalo design, njengoba kuchazwe "Imithetho ukubunjwa imibhalo design nezimfuneko okuqukethwe kwabo."

Ukulungiswa ngaphansi inombolo 87 senziwe Februwari 2008, cishe lonke ulwazi ngale ndaba iqukethwe Urban Planning Ikhodi, yiSigaba 48.

Ikhasimende inikeza umklami jikelele ngokuhambisana ukuze ukwakhiwa idatha eluhlaza okukhona ukuthuthukiswa imibhalo design ukwakhiwa. idatha ezibalulekile zibandakanya imikhawulo ukuhlela zasemadolobheni kanye izimo zihlanganisa imigomo inkomba.

Ububanzi Regulation

Imigomo imithetho idocumenti ekhona isicelo uma imibhalo athuthukile iphrojekthi ukwakhiwa isikhungo:

• ukwakhiwa Capital zezakhiwo zonke izinhlobo.
• On ezinye izingxenye ukwakhiwa, isibonelo, ngokwengxenye kabusha, kulungiswe kanye nokulungiswa nezinye izinhlobo izakhiwo kanye nezinhlaka.

Izinhlobo izinto ziwela ngaphansi koMthethonqubo ukuthi

izimo Izindima design zisebenza:

1. izakhiwo Industrial, lezi zihlanganisa zonke izakhiwo ukwenziwa imikhiqizo ezivikelweni, akufakiwe kulolu hlu lezinto komugqa.
2. Izakhiwo of sphere non-elikhiqizayo, awela kulesi sigaba kwezindlu usikompilo nenhlalo, yasendlini kanye nemikhankaso yokwakha kamasipala.
3. umugqa-uhlobo izakhiwo ehilela emikhulu, ojantshi, amapayipi kawoyela, izintambo zikagesi, igesi imigqa.

Ukwehlukanisa imibhalo

Ngokuhambisana nezinhlinzeko zoMthetho wokuPhathwa division kwemibhalo kwenziwa:

• ukudizayina nokuthuthukiswa;
• okusalungiswa zokusebenza.

Chaza nomqondo hhayi izigaba nokulungisa amaphepha iphrojekthi, abakubonisayo amasethi ezahlukene kwemibhalo. Ingqikithi division of the inqubo design esigabeni amaphepha adingekayo kungukuthi athuthukile ngesikhathi esisodwa, futhi ngokuhambisana nezigaba ezimbili.

Isigaba sokuqala "P"

Isigaba sokuqala ( "P" esiteji) - iphrojekthi yamukelwa ifomu jikelele inhloso ngaphandle kokusebenzisa izixazululo enemininingwane. uhlobo isakhiwo, indawo yayo, umklamo, ukuhlela kanye nezixazululo yezakhiwo ekhethiwe, wabeka indlela ukwakhiwa uvala umbuzo mayelana izikimu kwezobuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa. Kulesi sigaba kuyinto ukulinganisela isifinyezo, unikezwe incazelo jikelele wokwakha.

Lokhu iphakethe imibhalo eyinhloko kukhonjelwe inqubo luhlolo lukahulumeni, izilinganiso namazwana ukubhekana amaphutha. Ngemva kokucabangela le phrojekthi samukelwe noma sinqatshelwe yikhasimende.

I okwalandela isinyathelo - "RP"

Esesibili - "RP" - liqukethe kwemigomo umklamo enemininingwane, okubandakanya imibhalo enemininingwane. Zonke izixazululo ezivame elinemininingwane. imidwebo Basic, ezithathwe isinyathelo "P", besebenzisa imininingwane uguqulwa ezinemininingwane sebeziqhumbuza imidwebo Ukuvezwa e ISIZINDA. Kulesi sigaba, ngokuhambisana jikelele kulinganiselwa ukuthi amabhajethi wendawo namanye amadokhumenti enemininingwane. Ukusebenza imibhalo okusalungiswa ithunyelwa ngqo abakhi kwisayithi, iphepha esiteji "P" abadlali ayihambi.

imibhalo eningiliziwe Izoqaliswa e inqubo yokulungiswa noma ukwakhiwa ezintsha futhi engabizi ubuchwepheshe izixazululo. Umthetho kungekho zokuthi ukulandelana ukuthuthukiswa imidwebo ukusebenza nombhalo ehlaziya, ngakho imibhalo zokusebenza kunqunywa okusekelwe nezidingo ikhasimende. Abatshalizimali noma unjiniyela unquma ukuthi imaphi izibambiso azofakwa okusalungiswa zokusebenza, esekelwe oyifunayo lobumbudumbudu izixazululo, lesi sicelo wabonisa lapho kokukhipha imidwebo umsebenzi kokubulawa, lifakwa akhawunti ngaphansi ekuthuthukisweni nokuhlanganiswa kwe imibhalo project.

Ngo ukuthuthukiswa imibhalo ngezigaba ezimbili kunezinzuzo zako siqu, okuyinto amanga in yokuthi sokuguqula lungekho ngaphansi yonke imibhalo endabeni izixazululo kuhlulekile, kodwa kuphela izingxenye zalo. Uma ukwakhiwa noma ukwakha kabusha kwanoma into kuhlanganisa nomqulu omncane, bobabili esiteji design ehlangana ibe ezivamile, lapho zonke izinkinga zixazululwa ngokuphazima kweso.

Yini ehlanganisiwe ukwakheka yokugcina imibhalo design-isabelomali?

Kuhlanganisa umsebenzi project imibhalo. Lena umehluko oyinhloko kusukela izigaba design, lapho umsebenti wekugcina kuphela okusalungiswa zokusebenza. Imibhalo ayahambelana komunye nomunye. imibhalo Project ukwakhiwa kwezinto eqenjini inhlokodolobha non-elikhiqizayo noma zezimboni sigaba sihlanganisa iphepha, elihambisana izigaba nambili:

1. Ukuhlela Inhlangano lomsebenzi wokwakha kuleyo ndawo.
2. Yokutholwa ongakhetha yezakhiwo ukwakhiwa.
3. inothi ochazayo nephrojekthi ekhaya.
4. Athuthukisiwe isikhala-ukuhlela kanye nomklamo izixazululo.
5. amanethiwekhi ubunjiniyela Imininingwane, imishini, uhlu enama, lokulungisiswa izinqubo zobuchwepheshe.
6. Yakhelwe kagesi wiring uhlelo kanye supply.
7. Imidwebo kohlelo lokusabalalisa amanzi amanengi.
8. Isikimu kudivayisi kwendle.
9. bafudumale system ukuthengisela, ilungiselelo Ukushisa Amapayipi, air-conditioning isikhala elingaphakathi.
10. Indawo uhlelo lokuxhumana.
11. Igesi yemvelo ahamba imishini iphayiphi.
12. ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa usebenza, ikhumbula izinhlelo phansi.
13. POS (inhlangano wokwakha).
14. Incazelo izinyathelo zokuqeda lezo zakhiwo leqembu dolobha.
15. Uhlu izinyathelo yangempela ukuze kuvikeleke Isikhala ezungezile.
16. Uhlu imisebenzi yokuphepha umlilo.
17. Izakhi isakhi isakhiwo ukusiza ukuhamba kwabantu abakhubazekile.
18. Uhlu izinyathelo ukuthobela zibheke futhi ugesi izakhiwo ngezisetshenziswa amamitha esetshenziswa.
19. Okulinganisiwe Imininingwane zendawo olufanele ukuze kwakhiwe izakhiwo.
20. Imibhalo Okunye ezimweni ezikhethekile.

idatha design kokuqala

Omele Umnyango design kanye nekhasimende noma unjiniyela esakhiwe ichaza into ekilasini futhi eyinkimbinkimbi, kuye ngokuthi lezi amasethi wedatha titepisi abaklama imiklamo. isikhathi Ukwakhiwa lincike ohlotsheni, ukwakhiwa eyinkimbinkimbi, okuhlukile izixazululo kwezobuchwepheshe kanye lobuchwepheshe, abasebenzi enikeziwe kanye izindlela ezisetshenziswa.

Idatha kokuqala zihlanganisa imingcele futhi Ukucaciswa olunikezwa Urban Planning Ikhodi, umsebenzi ukuze kwakhiwe izidingo ikhasimende, izinkomba main kanye nemingcele yezindleko ukwakhiwa. isabelo ukuklanywa nokwakhiwa iyawakha futhi ivunyelwe ku harmonization zimali, amakhasimende kanye lobunjiniyela kummeleli jikelele neminyango design.

imibhalo Project ukuze kwakhiwe into iqukethe inkomba iyawakha ikhumbula izimiso zokwakha, njengoba kuveziwe embikweni okhuthaza SNP. izimo zabo avelelwe jikelele zenzelwe ulungise isiphelo sesimiso izinkontileka. Izindleko ukwakhiwa ibalwa ngesisekelo imithetho kazwelonke kanye namazinga. Ngaphakathi the gama of esakhiweni liqukethe ulwazi mayelana uhlobo lomsebenzi (kabusha, ukukhanda, ukwakhiwa), futhi indawo ikheli.

Lezi idatha musa ukushintsha kuzo zonke izigaba design, iphrojekthi ukusebenza inegama elifanayo.

Isibalo design izigaba, kuye ngokuthi yinkimbinkimbi into

Ukuba yinkimbinkimbi kwayo ukwakhiwa kuthinta kukhethwa isibalo izigaba design:

• Ukuze izakhiwo amaqembu sokuqala nesesibili design eyinkimbinkimbi kuvela esigabeni esisodwa, esinegama "RP" okusalungiswa ukusebenza.
• Buildings abakhiqizi zidinga ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lomqondo design "EP", ukukhiqizwa futhi komugqa izinto emelelwa izibalo lobuchwepheshe nezomnotho "TIC", womabili la maqembu Udinga yokuqedela esiteji of "RP".
• Ukuze into okuqondene esigabeni sesithathu yinkimbinkimbi, iphrojekthi isakhiwa ngezigaba ezimbili - Project "P" nokusebenza imibhalo "P".
• izigaba ezintathu sihlinzekela izakhiwo wesine namaqembu yesihlanu eyinkimbinkimbi kuhlanganisa lokuqala ngokuya ngendawo okuyiwa kuyo kwesiteji isakhiwo "EA" noma "okungenzeka Isifundo", bese ushiya "P" futhi "P".

Uma kuvunyelwa kuvunywe esiteji "EP", "i-TIC", "Ucwaningo" futhi "P", bona laba isisekelo segama okwalandela izigaba ukuthuthukiswa project. Ngezinye izikhathi isinqumo esigabeni wemali kungenziwa ezazijikeleziswa, futhi isinyathelo sokuqala kufanele kube ukuthuthukiswa "P".

umklami Jikelele kanye yikhasimende ilungelo lokushintsha inani izigaba esebenzisa isixazululo okuxoxiswene. Ngokuba ukuthuthukiswa izigaba ngazinye tilinganiso imibhalo project ungenisa abadlali onengubo isitifiketi ngomsebenzi walo, noma kwezinye izimo, abasebenzi ngaphandle ubufakazi obunjalo. Bobabili ukubeka amasignisha zabo ngaphansi kwesigaba ezifanele iphrojekthi, basuke certified i inothi ochazayo, isampuli equkethe ulwazi ochazayo. isitembu lufakwa phambi ikhasi.

Izinto zonke izinyathelo ngocansi zimali noma unjiniyela umklami jikelele ngesimo iphepha abezindaba athuthukile, inani labo amakhophi amane. Uma ukufeza iphrojekthi abathintekayo subproektanty, inani lamakhophi kwandisa kuya kwamahlanu.

Setha imidwebo ukusebenza, okuyinto okufanele ukwenza imisebenzi esakhiweni futhi ukuba ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo eziningana okufanayo, idluliswe e quadruplicate ukuba into eyodwa nje vo, kanti bonke abanye senzelwe amasethi amabili. Uma isakhiwo ihlukile, into ikhona njalo isakhiwo sinikezwa amakhophi amane.

Engineering izibalo, kwezomnotho, izifundo kwemvelo, okuyinto akufanele zifakwe isethi iphrojekthi, idatha ubunjiniyela inhlolovo kanye survey zigcinwa endaweni umklami jikelele futhi abuyiselwe ngesicelo unjiniyela ukusetshenziswa okwesikhashana. Ngoba lokhu kuyiso inkontileka equkethe imigomo yenkontileka.

Imisebenzi izifundo zobunjiniyela

idatha Engineering inhlolovo etholwe ngenxa uhlobo olukhethekile umsebenzi owawenziwa ngaphambi kokuqala umklamo bento ukuze siphenye izimo Geological endaweni ukwakhiwa ezihlongozwayo kanye nezindawo ezizungezile. Sectional Sifundza izakhiwo zenhlabathi, umswakama okuqukethwe kanye ndima yayo ukujula, kuyo ingumhlabathi Kutholwe izigigaba ezingezinhle.

Ngemva ucwaningo kwenziwa umbono lwezobuchwepheshe nokufaneleka inhlabathi endaweni ngaphansi ukwakhiwa okuhleliwe. Ukuze lolu cwaningo lokungena be-Geotechnical phakathi kwamakhasimende kanye nenhlangano okhethekile inkontileka ukunquma ukufaneleka inhlabathi. Isitifiketi kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukunikeza umbono unolwazi on the izakhiwo inhlabathi.

Ngesisekelo Ucwaningo umsebenzi kusemthethweni futhi zokulawula nohlaka olubhekele, umculi ithola okusetshenzelwa for umsebenzi, lapho ngocansi kwendawo indawo icebo ukwakhiwa esizayo, imvume ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo, uhlelo kwemhlaba kanye nokwakha indlu uhlelo. Engineering imisebenzi zihlanganisa:

• Geological kanye eyenziwe okulawula;
• ngu nithela umthamo inhlabathi ngaphansi kudivayisi izisekelo kanye ezindlini;
• ukuhlolwa ezibucayi kungenzeka ezenziwe umuntu izinhlekelele, ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, ukuzamazama komhlaba;
• ukudweba i ukulungisiswa ebhaliwe imisebenzi ukuze kuvikeleke ezindaweni eziyingozi;
• uphenyo izingxenye Isikhala ezungezile;
• olwenziwa wezokwakha hydrogeological, Geological, survey cadastral kohlaka ukwakhiwa okwengeziwe, ukusetshenziswa noma ukukhishwa izakhiwo.

izifundo Engineering olwenziwa kokubili ensimini endaweni yokucwaninga, ahloselwe a Ucwaningo olunzulu izimo ukwakhiwa. Ngenxa yalokho, le mininingwane ibonakala ngemuva idatha kusetshenzwe cwaningo. Ukubhajetha kuhilela wabantu wokwakha izifundo zobunjiniyela mayelana 5-15% yezindleko umsebenzi.

Qaphela esishoyo: ukugcwaliswa isampula

Architectural ingxenye ihlanganisa incazelo ukwakha into indawo nemizana isihlobo esikhulu, usayizi ingxenye, ukuma orientation ezinsikeni zawo yokukhanya akhonjiswa emgwaqweni eduze. Incazelo impumuzo kubonisa lokushisa izinyanga ezishisayo enomoya futhi. imvula Ibhalwe, iqhwa umthwalo, linqoba ovunguzayo isiqondiso, le inhlabathi okokuqandisa ukujula, izimila.

Lesi sigaba esilandelayo - ipulani ejwayelekile - ephawula plan site, imvelo yayo izikhala, afana inhlanzeko neziqondiso enelanga, ukususwa endleleni futhi isakhiwo eduze, indawo yokungena. Ibalazwe ikhombisa Roza vetrov. Ngempela ukubonisa wonke ukusebenza ingxenye esishintshashintshayo ezifana imigwaqo, egcekeni hardware, ngokuhlanganyela ukuphumula endaweni, gazebos, izindawo ekhonkiwe, izakhi lathumela, nokunye. D. emelelwa abamba ukushisa njalo izitshalo akhonjiswa izihlahla futhi ezihlabayo ekhona.

Incazelo yendlu liqala ukuphakama, izincazelo ophahleni, izindonga nezinye walling impahla, zibonisa uhlobo Uhlaka, zokuxhumana mpo futhi enezingqimba, izitebhisi, noma cha kuyisinqumo yokuhlela. Thuthukisa Ukucaciswa izindawo kuwo wonke izibuya yakhelwe amakamelo nge inkomba ndawo. Ikhomba inani ukuqala kanye Imiphumela isakhiwo, izindlela, esimweni esiphuthumayo, umlilo ukuvuleka.

Incazelo amakamelo wonke ingaphakathi ngombala izindlu, kwezomnotho kanye asizayo ekhombisa udonga, uphahla noma phansi ukwemboza. Ayimpoqo igxile ngokugcwalisa iwindi futhi umnyango kuvuleka.

sekugcineni yangaphandle libhekene nje kuphela ngendaba yokugcina, kodwa futhi ukuba vimbela ungqimba, uhlaka lokukhuphula yayo, ukunakwa ikhokhelwa cap aliqede.

Bezakhiwe ingxenye uchaza izixazululo skeleton volumetric, ngenxa rigidity izici okuyinto ukusebenza ndawonye futhi izakhi wabonisa izakhi yenethiwekhi impahla namakholomu.

Encazelweni yalokho isisekelo laying ukujula kuboniswa ngenxa ezihlukahlukene izindawo, indaba phansi emzimbeni, ukugcwalisa armature. Uchaza impahla yangaphandle futhi ingaphakathi izindonga, ophahleni, phansi, ophahleni.

Ekupheleni amanothi achazayo ebekiwe kudivayisi Izinsiza azo zonke izinhlobo, ecacisiwe impahla amapayipi, adapters, olunikeza igama nothelawayeka ilungiselelo oyithandayo.

Ekuphetheni, kumelwe kushiwo ukuthi amakhasimende kanye nabasunguli emizi yabantu abaningi wonge imali futhi incwadi iphrojekthi ukuthuthukiswa uhlu non-oluphelele lwazo imidwebo izibalo. Kuleli sayithi usebenza ukonga isobala, kodwa izigaba okwalandela, ikakhulukazi umsebenzi abakhi kwisayithi, ube inkinga yangempela. Inkontileka uzokubuza imibuzo umnikazi wesayithi ukuthi umqambi kuyodingeka ukucinga impendulo noma oda imidwebo ezengeziwe okwesibili.