Izibhamu Modern asolwandle

Kusukela kudala, amandla juqu kolwandle babebhekwa njengabangakufanelekeli imikhumbi ngezibhamu asolwandle. Kulesi indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa osezingeni: i Wayenomunye wokugcina, eziphawuleka ngaphezulu amadili umonakalo esitheni.

Nokho, kakade 20 wezikhali asolwandle ekhulwini buthule liye kulandela kamuva uhlobo olusha isikhali - waqondisa imicibisholo. Kodwa le ndaba namanje azifinyelelanga ukwesulwa wezikhali asolwandle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuye kwaba olwesimanje ngaphansi kwezimo yesimanje zempi olwandle.

asolwandle wezikhali Limbo

Kwaphela isikhathi eside (kwaze kwaba sekhulwini le-16) le mikhumbi yayingamamitha izikhali kuphela ukulwa eduze - a ziyalungiswa, izinqubo umonakalo emzimbeni emkhunjini, insika bese Izigwedlo. Boarding kwaba indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu zokuxazulula ukungezwani olwandle.

Ground amabutho sokusungula ngaphezulu. On zwe ngaleso sikhathi kakade esetshenziswa zonke izinhlobo izindlela angena. Kamuva baqala ukusebenzisa izikhali anjalo esikhathini izimpi zasolwandle.

Ukusungulwa kanye ukusabalala powder (Smoky) kakhulu okushintshiwe izingalo Amandla ahlomile. EYurophu eRussia, powder waziwa ekhulwini le-14.

Nokho, ukusetshenziswa ulwandle izibhamu uye ayibangelwa injabulo phakathi amatilosi. Umsizi ngokuvamile kuyidambise futhi isibhamu misfire, ukuthi ezimweni ukulwa kwakugcwele nemiphumela emibi kulowo umkhumbi.

Ngekhulu le-16 kwaba ukuqala intuthuko kwezobuchwepheshe in the izimo sokukhula ngokushesha zamabutho elikhiqizayo eYurophu. Lokhu kungase kube nomthelela izingalo. Guns washintsha umklamo, idivayisi sextant kuqala. Gun emgqonyeni isibe mobile. Okuthuthukisiwe izinga neziqhumane. izibhamu Umkhumbi waqala ukudlala indima ebalulekile izimpi zasolwandle.

wezikhali Naval kwekhulu le-17

Esikhathini 16-17 eminyaka wezikhali, kuhlanganise ulwandle, iye yabizwa kuqhutshekwe athuthukile. Imikhumbi iye yandisa inani labantu kwezibhamu ngokubheja nabo kwi onezitezi eziningana. Imikhumbi kule nkathi zadalwa esekelwe impi wezikhali.

Ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lesi-17 ziye uhlobo, ubukhulu izibhamu asolwandle ezikhonjwe, siqhumisa izindlela zenzelwe zisekelwe imininingwane zasolwandle. A new isayensi - kuqhubeke.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izibhamu womkhumbi kwekhulu le-17 babe iziqu yazo zonke calibers 8-12. ipotimende letimfishane kwabangelwa isidingo ukuhoxisa ngokugcwele emkhunjini isikhathi kabusha ukulayisha izibhamu, kanye nesifiso sokukuqeda ngesibhamu.

Ekhulwini le-17, kanye ngcono izibhamu asolwandle ezakhiwa kanye nezinhlamvu. Mabutho babe amagobolondo incendiary futhi kuqhume, okubangela umonakalo omkhulu umkhumbi isitha nabashayeli balo. Eyokuqala ukusebenzisa amagobolondo kuqhume amatilosi Russian e 1696, ngesikhathi Storming ka Azov.

imikhumbi ahlomile kwekhulu le-18

Umkhumbi isibhamu kwekhulu le-18 kakade liye laba Ilokhi Flint. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isisindo sayo akashintshile kusukela ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka futhi engu-12, 24 no-48 amakhilogremu. Yiqiniso kwakukhona nezinye izibhamu calibers, kodwa abawona okwandile.

Izibhamu ibekwe kulo umkhumbi: ku umnsalo, abe lukhuni sigxumele yasenhla nemithombo yasenzansi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwi emphemeni aphansi kwakungamadodana izikhali olusindayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ezinkulu-osezingeni izibhamu asolwandle abangu ogibele inqola isibhamu kanye namasondo. Ngaphansi kwalezi amasondo emphemeni ukwenza anemifantu ekhethekile. Ngemva kokudubula inganono imiqulu emuva amandla ukufinyela futhi futhi lase lilungele Loader. Inqubo yokulayisha izibhamu womkhumbi kwaba into kubenzima futhi okuyingozi ukubala.

Ukuphumelela ezifana izibhamu labadubuli kwaba ku ezahlukene 300 m, nakuba amagobolondo owawenyuka 1500 m. Iqiniso lokuthi ibanga projectile ilahlekelwa energy kinetic. Uma ekhulwini le-17-frigate ekhulwini wabhubhisa amagobolondo 24-ganda, e-18th yempi ekhulwini wayengesabi, kanye 48-pounder. Ukuze uxazulule le nkinga, eNgilandi, imikhumbi waqala ingalo 60-108-ganda kwaqhuma osezingeni 280 mm.

Kungani izibhamu on shumbi ezingazange ukwesulwa emlandweni we-scrap?

Uma uthi nhlá, Missiles kwekhulu lama-20 yayihloselwe ukuthatha indawo wezikhali zakudala, kuhlanganise lasolwandle, kodwa akwenzekanga lokho. Rockets asikwazanga esikhundleni ngokuphelele izibhamu lomkhumbi. Isizathu itholakala lokuthi ukuthi amagobolondo wezikhali asesabi yiluphi uhlobo ukugxambukela yekwentiwa kanye asebenzayo. Kuyinto lencike kancane izimo sezulu kuka ezicitshwayo eqondiswa. Volley izibhamu asolwandle nakanjani wawufinyelela umgomo wakhe, ngokungafani nozakwabo yesimanje - cruise ezicitshwayo.

Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi izibhamu ka ezinkulu zasolwandle izinga nezinhlamvu zibaluleke ngaphezu iziqhumane. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izindleko izibhamu asolwandle kuyinto missile ephansi kakhulu.

Namuhla, Ngakho-ke, uma sicabangela lezi zici kunikezwa ukunakekela okukhethekile ukuthuthukiswa wezikhali asolwandle. Umsebenzi iqhutshwa ekusithekeni.

Nokho namuhla, isibhamu ukukhweza emkhunjini nazo zonke izinzuzo zawo lidlale indima enkulu eziwusizo impi asolwandle, kunokuba juqu.

Iqhaza elisha wezikhali asolwandle ezimweni yesimanje

Ekhulwini lama-20 kwabangela izinguquko eziza kuqala pre-ekhona e wezikhali asolwandle. Ukuthuthukiswa zezindiza asolwandle ombangela. Izindiza zamabhomu babe olukhulu umkhumbi, izibhamu asolwandle kuka abaphikisi.

SeMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili wabonisa ukuthi yesimiso sokuzivikela air isibe ebalulekile le ngxabano olwandle. Le nkathi of uhlobo olusha izikhali - waqondisa imicibisholo. Abaklami baye kwi missile izinhlelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ke kunqanyulwe ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukukhiqizwa izibhamu komlilo main.

Nokho, izikhali entsha ayikwazanga esikhundleni izibhamu ngokuphelele, kuhlanganise umkhumbi. Gun, ubukhulu okuyinto ingeqi 152 mm (ubukhulu 76, 100, 114, 127 kanye 130 mm), yayisalokhu lemikhumbi yempi yase-USSR (Russia), e-United States, Britain, iFrance ne-Italy. Nokho, manje wezikhali asolwandle wabelwa ezingaphezu kuka indima ekusekeleni kuka ukushaqeka. Umkhumbi isibhamu elasetshenziselwa kokufika ukwesekwa, ukuvikelwa izindiza isitha. Kuqhame flak zasolwandle. Njengoba kwaziwa kahle inkomba yalo ebaluleke kakhulu izinga lomlilo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, okusheshayo-umkhumbi isibhamu sekuyinto abagxile enkulu lempi nabaqambi.

Ukuze wandise nobuningi isibhamu, ezakhiwa othomathikhi wezikhali izinhlelo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ukubeka ukubhejela jikelele zabo, okungukuthi, kufanele ngokulinganayo kanye nokuvikela umkhumbi esitheni wasemoyeni futhi lasolwandle, kanye imbangela ukulimala izinqaba ugu. Lesi sakamuva kwakubangelwa amacebo esishintshile ibutho lasolwandle. Cishe into yezimpi esidlule asolwandle phakathi mabutho. Manje imikhumbi phathelana busetshenziswe imisebenzi eduze ugu njengendlela yokuthola kokubhubhisa izindawo phansi ezisekelwe wesitha. Lo mqondo kuyabonakala ukuthuthukiswa izikhali zanamuhla asolwandle.

Shipboard othomathikhi wezikhali izinhlelo

Ngo-1954, iSoviet Union ekuqaleni ukuba athuthukiswe othomathikhi osezingeni 76,2 mm uhlelo, futhi ngo-1967 waqala ukuthuthukiswa kanye ukukhiqizwa osezingeni othomathikhi wezikhali izinhlelo 100 130 mm. Umsebenzi wona wawungemubi ngowokuqala othomathikhi isibhamu asolwandle (57 mm) dvuhstvolny isibhamu entabeni AK-725. Kamuva kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo wamukelwa owodwa emgqonyeni 76.2-mm AK-176.

Kanyekanye AK-176 30-mm esheshayo ukubeka AK-630 yadalwa kokuba block emigodini eziyisithupha ligijima. Eminyakeni engu-80 Navy wathola umshini okuzenzakalelayo AK-130, okuyinto namuhla imi yempi ehlome.

AK-130 futhi izici zayo

130mm isibhamu asolwandle bekuyingxenye ukufakwa dvuhstvolny A-218. Ekuqaleni eklanyelwe inguqulo eyodwa-barreled ka-217, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi wayebhekwa ukuthi dvuhstvolny A-218 inezinga eliphakeme (kufika ku-90 isibhamu at iziqu ezimbili), futhi okuthandwayo wanikwa wakhe.

Kodwa ukuthi abaklami kwadingeka ukwandisa isisindo ukufakwa. Ngenxa yalokho, isisindo salo lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi kwaba m 150 (ukufakwa ngokwaso - 98 m, uhlelo lokulawula (CS) - 12 t, ngomshini ARSENALNY emiphongolweni - 40 m).

Ngokungafani odlule ngomkhumbi wokucwaninga isibhamu (bheka isithombe. Ngezansi) kwadingeka eziningi izici ezintsha ezithuthukisa izinga layo lomlilo.

Okokuqala, it is a igobolondo ebumbeneko, lapho emikhonweni bahlanganiswe ndawonye capsule, powder mali futhi projectile.

Futhi, A-218 kwadingeka othomathikhi yokulayisha nezinhlamvu, ukuze ukwazi ukusebenzisa zonke izinhlamvu ngaphandle umuntu ethe xaxa.

SU "Leo-218" akudingi Ukungenela komuntu saziso. Ukulungiswa labadubuli kwenza uhlelo uqobo incike ukunemba falling amagobolondo ukuqhuma.

A izinga isibhamu isibhamu kanye khona ayisipesheli, kokuba fuses akude futhi radar, AK-130 enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba nomlilo ngaso umoya okuhloswe.

AK-630 futhi izici zayo

Izinga asolwandle isibhamu sohlobo lwe-AK-630 yakhelwe ukuvikela umkhumbi owawuvela umoya nokukhanya imikhumbi isitha.

It has a ubude esekhonjwe 54 osezingeni. Kokudubula ububanzi izibhamu kuncike esigabeni zokukhomba: emoyeni Okuqondiwe iyathinteka at ibanga 4 km, izitsha ebusweni ukukhanya - kuze 5 km.

Ukukala ukufakwa ifinyelela izinkulungwane 4000-5000 imizuliswano ngomzuzu. Ngakho ubude emgqeni kungaba isibhamu 400, kulandele ikhefu edingekayo imizuzwana 5 lwaluyophola isibhamu imiphongolo. Ngemva kufika ithuba lika-isibhamu 200 ngokwanele ukuba abhodloze 1 yesibili.

Ammunition AK-630 siqukethe izinhlobo ezimbili isibhamu: okusezingeni eliphezulu alufakwa projectile incendiary RP-84, futhi YENA-Tracer-OR 84.

Wezikhali US Navy

US Navy futhi nezinto eziza kuqala izingalo ashintshiwe. Missiles kabanzi owethulwa, wezikhali ukuthi kulandela kamuva. Nokho, eminyakeni yamuva, abantu baseMelika aseqalile banake esincane wezikhali, okuyinto kwaphumelela kakhulu ngokumelene ongaphakeme-ukushayela izindiza nezikhali ezicitshwayo.

Ukunakwa ikhokhelwa ikakhulu isibhamu othomathikhi ukukhweza 20-35 mm 100-127 mm. Umkhumbi isibhamu othomathikhi kuthatha liyindawo efanelekayo the ukwakhiwa kwezikhali ngaphandle komkhumbi.

I osezingeni isilinganiso yakhelwe okuhlula imigomo, ngaphandle kwamanzi. Ikhipha lokulinganisa ababulawa kusukela izinsimbi ukukhanya ne-fiberglass nakakhulu.

ukuthuthukiswa futhi isibhamu asebenzayo-esisheshayo ngenxa 127- futhi 203-mm isibhamu Ukukhweza.

Okwamanje, ukufakwa nezimo Mk45 127-isilinganiso ubhekwa ukuhlelwa ejwayelekile ngoba imikhumbi US.

Kusukela esincane izikhali uzinake sextuple "Vulcan-ndlela yokuhlasela yokuhlanganisa izihlangu".

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ngo-1983 e-USSR kwakukhona iphrojekthi okwakungakaze isibhamu asolwandle ukuthi ifana isitaki ngesitimu 19-20 eminyaka ububanzi 406 mm, kodwa Umahluko owokuthi ngoba kungenzeka fly ... zenith elawulwa noma projectile ezivamile, missile cruise noma zenuzi ukujula icala nge ukugcwaliswa . Ukukala mathuluzi jikelele kuxhomeke ohlotsheni shot. Ngokwesibonelo, i-kweminsalo guided 10 imizuliswano ngomzuzu, futhi igobolondo ezivamile - 15-20.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi "silo" enjalo kwakungatholakala kalula ukufakwa ngisho nezitsha ezincane (2-3 thous. Amathani ukufuduka). Nokho, umyalo Navy ubengazi lokhu osezingeni, ngakho ukwakhiwa kwaleso sikhungo kwakungamelwe igcwaliseke.

izidingo zanamuhla for wezikhali asolwandle

Ngokusho inhloko yabangamashumi 19 Test Site nezimfuneko Alexander Tozik namhla izibhamu womkhumbi kancane akukashintshi - kungcono nokwethenjelwa ukunemba ingacaci.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, izibhamu yesimanje asolwandle kufanele kube nokukhanya okwanele ukuze bakwazi ukuzifaka phezu yempi ukukhanya. Futhi kudingeka ukuthi wenze ithuluzi ezicashile isitha radar. Kulindeleke isizukulwane esisha izinhlamvu, kokuba ephakeme elimazayo ezingaba futhi ngakhula labadubuli range.