Ucezu isandla: anatomy

Upper esitho indoda esadlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni yokuziphendukela kwemvelo yakhe njengoba oluthile lwento ephilayo. Kulesi sihloko sizohlola ingxenye kwabantu nezilwane izandla, ikakhulukazi isakhiwo sabo futhi isebenze.

Loluhlelo jikelele isakhiwo esitho elingenhla

Emkhawulweni engenhla inezingxenye ezimbili. Eyokuqala uyalandisa ibhande ehlanganisa clavicle futhi scapula. skeleton nemilenze khulula - ingxenye yesibili unamathele kubo. Siqukethe eyodwa ayibhangqiwe humerus. Yena slidably exhunywe kwi-ibhodi lemisindo ulnar futhi osabalalayo obumba. Izingxenye ezilandelayo esandleni - lokhu ibhulashi. Zakhiwa amathambo carpal, metacarpal futhi phalanges.

Ingxenye engenhla yengalo

Isakhiwo saleli umnyango uhlanganisa abhanqiwe clavicle futhi scapula. Lezi amathambo elingenhla esitho ibhande ukuhlinzeka uxhumano nezimo we skeleton isiqu lengalo khulula. Clavicle ngakolunye uhlangothi ixhunywe breastbone flat futhi ngakolunye - ne vane. Lokhu ithambo has lwalugobile eziningana futhi kahle palpable lonke. Sici Its main ukusebenza umzimba indawo ngokuhlanganyela ehlombe kude kusukela esifubeni. Lokhu kwandisa kakhulu uhla motion nasemilenzeni engenhla.

Ingxenye engezansi yengalo

Bone emkhawulweni khulula lwamathambo movably uxhumekile bese yakha emalungeni eziningana: sternoclavicular, ehlombe, indololwane, radiocarpal. Zonke lezi zakhiwo unecebo olulodwa kwesakhiwo. Kunoma ikhanda ahlangene nelilodwa ithambo ingxenye ushona we nezinye. Ukuze ubuso ngokuhlanganyela abahlangani ngomshikisho eqinile, abo ihlanganisa hyaline uqwanga. isakhiwo ngasinye enjalo egobolondweni lelunga, lapho inamathelisiwe nemisipha kanye nemisipha.

Ezinye izingxenye esandleni somuntu anezici yabo. Ngokwesibonelo, thumb neze nakho konke okunye. Lokhu lihlotshaniswa ikhono lomuntu ukuze uyaqaphela ukusebenza.

Isakhiwo izandla zonke izilwane uhlobo ezifanayo kuzithinta. Siqukethe izigaba zezizwe ezintathu: ehlombe, ibhodi lemisindo futhi isandla. Izici morphological kanye umehluko zihlobene Indawo izilwane. Ngakho, ngo-izinyoni ngenxa ikhono lazo fly nemilenze engenhla seziye zaphenduka amaphiko. Amavukuzi nakuwo shrews ukudla kwawo, okwenza uhamba enhlabathini. Ngakho-ke, kufanele nemilenze olubanzi ukumba. Abameleli beNdikimba amalulwane oda ezincelisayo aguqulelwe indiza asebenzayo ngenxa yokubakhona emphethweni isikhumba neminwe side. izilwane ayabulala uthole igama labo ngenxa yokuba khona indlela okwakheke ngayo zokuzivikela Horny ku nemilenze yawo.

Mshini yezingalo nemilenze engenhla

Zonke izingxenye kwabantu nezilwane izandla ukuhambisa sibonga imisipha. Banamathele ithambo nge nemisipha. Imisipha, okuholela esitho ukunyakaza, kuhlangene ngamaqembu amabili. Esitho sokuqala insaliwe. Ngokwesibonelo, biceps, noma izikhwepha zomfana kubangela ingalo emzimbeni. Extensors enze ephambene imisebenzi. Kubantu, lo msebenzi wenziwa yi-triceps. Deltoid esebenza oluyi. Imicu yotshani kwalo, phezu phambi ibhodi lemisindo, ingalo uzimisele. Futhi labo zitholakala ohlangothini reverse - kunalokho.

Isikhumba ezandleni izinhlobo ezahlukene ezenza. Lokhu zokwakheka ekhethekile ebucayi ukuthi ukuxhuma umzimba nge imvelo. Bayakwazi aguqule zibe izinhlobo ezahlukene emsipheni amaza imiphumela. Ngenxa yalokho, ukwaziswa silethwa izifunda esifanele cortex zobuchopho. izindlela conductive kulokhu kukhona izinzwa. Ebuchosheni, ulwazi ihlaziye futhi siye ohlangothini reverse ihlinzekwa emzimbeni ukusebenza. izinhlobo eziningana receptor ise isikhumba yezandla. Mechanical azibonayo ingcindezi bese uthinta. Cold futhi efudumele umzimba ubona nge thermoreceptors. Kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke, isikhumba izandla neminwe ozwelayo bezibona ubuhlungu. Basuke kwakhiwa nociceptors.

nemilenze Upper ngenxa izici of isakhiwo has imisebenzi eminingi ebalulekile. Kuyinto ikhono ukundiza, ukukhiqizwa ukudla, bakha izindlu. Izici eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo has esandleni somuntu eyenza umsebenzi wakhe futhi ngesisekelo izinguquko eziningi kwemvelo.