Izinhlobo USSR impahla emkhakheni wezolimo, noma Yini ehlukanisa ipulazi kusukela epulazini

Uhlelo sezenhlalo ngiyaquleka. Namuhla, kuzo zonke izinhlaka yangasese. uhlelo sabaqashi nesimo yomkhiqizo wezolimo wehlile emlandweni. Kuye kwaba ngaphezu kweminyaka engu-15 ngaleso sikhathi. abantu Modern abangazange wahlala eSoviet Union, akazange aqonde umehluko phakathi ipulazi kusukela epulazini collective, uyini umehluko. Sizozama ukuphendula lo mbuzo.

Leli pulazi elingu-yayihlukile kuleyo yasekuqaleni ipulazi? Umahluko owokuthi esihlokweni?

Njengoba for umehluko, kusukela iphuzu lomthetho umbono umehluko omkhulu. Uma sikhuluma amagama zomthetho yesimanje - kuyinto izinhlobo ezahlukene ngokuphelele lwenhlangano zomthetho. Cishe kunjalo, liyini manje umehluko phakathi amafomu wezomthetho inkampani (inkampani isibopho sezomthetho esilinganiselwe) kanye MUP (Municipal ebumbeneko Enterprise).

Ipulazi State (umnotho WaseSoviet) - kuyinto ukusungulwa yomphakathi, zonke izindlela zokukhiqiza ngelakhe. Usihlalo aqokwe wendawo abaphakanyiselwe ekungeneni ekomidini eliphezulu. Zonke izisebenzi abasebenzi bakahulumeni, bethola iholo ethile ngaphansi kwenkontileka futhi uthathwa njengoba abasebenzi engxenyeni kahulumeni.

Kolkhoz (ipulazi collective) - kuyinto izinkampani ezizimele, nakuba kungase kubonakale kuyinto encane nakuba ezweni lapho kwakungekho yangasese. Yena kwamiswa njengoba yasendlini ahlangene abalimi abaningi bendawo. abalimi Ikusasa akafunanga Yiqiniso, ukuyeka impahla yabo ayezosetshenziswa umphakathi. Mayelana abahlangene ngokuzithandela akakwazanga ukuhamba kanye nenkulumo, except for labo abalimi ayengakhokha. Bona, kunalokho, uyajabula ukuya amapulazi collective, ngoba kwakuwukuphela kwendlela bona ngaleso sikhathi. umqondisi ipulazi collective ngegama aqokwe umhlangano jikelele, eqinisweni, efana ipulazi, isifunda abaphakanyiselwe ekungeneni ekomidini eliphezulu.

ukuthi umehluko bangempela babeyizigqila?

Uma ubuza eziphilayo isisebenzi ngesikhathi ehlukile epulazini epulazini, impendulo yalowo mbuzo icacile: lutho. Uma uthi nhlá kunzima ungavumelani. Futhi amapulazi collective amapulazi state ukudayisa imikhiqizo yabo yezolimo kuphela komunye umthengi - isimo. Noma kunalokho, ngokomthetho ipulazi nje wamnika yonke imikhiqizo, futhi epulazini collective wathenga.

Kwakungenzeka yini ukuthengisa imikhiqizo isimo? Kwacaca ukuthi akekho. State ukwaba nenani kwempahla saziso futhi intengo izimpahla. Ngemva ukudayiswa, ngezinye izikhathi yaphenduka ushintsho khulula, amapulazi collective cishe lutho kwesokunxele.

State Ipulazi - isabelomali amabhizinisi

Belingisa isimo. Cabanga ukuthi namuhla isimo kabusha kudala zombili lezi zinhlobo kwezomnotho kanye zomthetho. State Ipulazi - ibhizinisi isimo, bonke abasebenzi - abasebenzi engxenyeni kahulumeni ngamaholo olusemthethweni. Ngokuhlanganyela ipulazi - inhlangano eyimfihlo abakhiqizi eziningana. Yini ehlukanisa ipulazi kusukela epulazini? impahla Yomthetho. Kodwa kukhona ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama:

1. State, ukuthola ukuthi mangaki ngeke bayothenga lowo mkhiqizo. Ngaphezu kwalokho kwenqatshelwe ukuthengisa komunye umuntu.
2. Izindleko linqunywa ngumbuso, okungukuthi, ungakwazi ukuthenga imikhiqizo at ngezansi izindleko e ukulahlekelwa amapulazi collective.
3. Uhulumeni akaphoqelekile ukuthi iholo kanye nabalimi collective obakhathalelayo inhlalakahle yabo, njengoba nje kuvamile namanje abanikazi.

Sikucela lo mbuzo: "Ngubani ngempela kube lula ukuphila ezimweni ezinjalo" Ngekubona wethu, le nabasebenzi basemapulazini. Okungenani, enqindwa le nangobudlova isimo njengoba besebenza ezigcwele ngaye. Yiqiniso, emakethe kwempahla bunyenti kwezomnotho abalimi sizitholela abalimi yesimanje - labo "kulaks", okuyinto ngesikhathi esisodwa iqedwe, ukwakha ezinkingeni ezinkulu zezimali kwamabhizinisi abo amasha sezenhlalo. Ngakho, lo mbuzo "eveza umahluko phakathi ipulazi kusukela epulazini" (noma kunalokho, ezahlukene ngaphambili) Impendulo iwukuthi ubunikazi letihlelekile naletingakahleleki kwetinhlavu imithombo. Imininingwane engeziwe mayelana nalokhu uzokutshela ku.

Njengoba kwakhiwa amapulazi collective kanye nesimo

Ukuze uqonde kangcono umehluko phakathi ipulazi ngokuhlanganyela kusukela epulazini, udinga ukwazi ukuthi uzodlala indlela kwamiswa.

Amapulazi lokuqala kwamiswa ngenxa:

• emafeni amakhulu kulendawo zangaphambili '. Yiqiniso, serfdom uyekwa, kodwa amabhizinisi emikhulu - ifa esidlule, wasebenza athutha.
• Ngezithukuthuku kulaks wangaphambili futhi abalimi phakathi.
• Of amapulazi amakhulu, okuyinto akhiwa emva abaphucwa.

Yiqiniso, le nqubo abaphucwa livelile ngaphambi collectivization, kodwa singashi ngempela ngalesosikhathi qamba zindlani kuqala. Iningi lazo, yebo, waya ukuphelelwa yimali. Kuyaqondakala: endaweni we kanzima sabasebenzi nabantu "kulaks" oshisekayo futhi abalimi phakathi waqoqa abasebenzi abampofu, ongazange afune futhi abazange bazi ukuthi zisebenza kanjani. Kodwa lezo owayesaphila ukuze inqubo collectivization, kwakheka amapulazi isimo kuqala.

Ngaphandle kwalezi, kwakukhona amapulazi amakhulu ngesikhathi collectivization. Ezinye isimangaliso ngasinda inqubo abaphucwa, abanye kakade ukuthuthukisa ngemva kwalezi zenzakalo eziyinhlekelele emlandweni wethu. Futhi zombili zawa ngaphansi inqubo entsha - i collectivization, ie yokudliwa komhlaba langempela impahla.

Amapulazi collective kwamiswa ngenxa "ubunye" amapulazi yangasese amaningi amancane zibe munye ezinkulu. Lokho ngegama impahla engakaze kukhanselwe. Nokho, abantu langempela ube kuncike isimo impahla yabo. It lingahunyushwa baphetha ukuthi uhlelo cishe lamaKhomanisi wabuyela serfdom ifomu ngandlela-thile modified.

namuhla "sabaqashi"

Ngakho, thina kuwuphendule umbuzo eveza umahluko phakathi ipulazi kusukela epulazini. Kusukela ngo-1991, zonke lezi zinhlobo zakhishwa. Kodwa ungacabangi ukuthi akuzona ngempela. Abalimi abaningi nabo baqala hlanganani ibe umnotho olulodwa. Futhi lena ipulazi efanayo. Kuphela, ngokungafani ababengaphambi sezenhlalo, amapulazi ezinjalo akhiwa njalo yokuzithandela. Futhi awabophekile ukuthengisa esimweni zonke izinto ngamanani aphansi. Kodwa namuhla, kunalokho, kungenye inkinga - uhulumeni kungaphazamisi ezimpilweni zabo, futhi ngaphandle usizo lwangempela kusukela kuye eminyakeni, izinkampani eziningi akakwazi ukuphuma izikweletu ngesikweletu izibopho.

Kudingeka nakanjani ukuthola umhlabathi ophakathi lapho isimo kuzosiza abalimi, kodwa hhayi kubaqedele. Bese nezinkinga ukudla esibhekana nazo ngeke, futhi amanani zalo Mkhiqizo Ishidi ezitolo ziyamukeleka.