Umlimi wezinhlamvu kakade wayeseSomerians

Izitshalo zokusanhlamvu (mechanical), ngokusho kwabanye ososayensi, zavela encwadini yokuqala eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane eziyishumi nanhlanu ngaphambi kwenkathi yethu e-Ancient Sumer, kodwa ayengasakazwa kabanzi, ngakho-ke baqala ukungabikho. Ukuvuselelwa kabusha kwalokhu imishini yokulima etholakala eMpumalanga, e-China, lapho ekhulwini leminyaka lesibili BC kukhona insimbi ensimbi enezinambuzane eziningana ezazisungulwa. EYurophu, leyunithi yayisetshenziswa kakhulu phakathi nekhulu leshumi nesishiyagalolunye. Kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, okusanhlamvu kwahlakazeka ngesandla ensimini, bese kuphazamiseka, okwakuthonya kakhulu ukuvuna.

I-seeder yesimanje yesimbewu iyimishini ehlinzeka ngezimo ezifanele zokusanhlamvu ngalunye okufakwa enhlabathini yentuthuko ngenxa yokuthi izitshalo zesikhathi esizayo zikhona, njengombuso, endaweni ethile, ngakho ungaphazanyane.

I-drill ye-seed ingase iwele kwenye noma enye yalezi zigaba ezilandelayo:

- imishini evamile, inikeza ukuhamba ngendlela ejwayelekile, umugqa omncane (ibanga eliphakathi kwemigqa lincane, kuze kube ngamasentimitha angu-7 noma ayisishiyagalombili), uhlangothi olubanzi, amateyipu noma izinsika;

- Izimbewu zesikwele, emva kokusebenza lapho izitshalo zitshalwe khona emaceleni ama-rectangles noma izikwele;

- imishini yezidleke (imbewu itshalwe ezitsheni, ngezinye izikhathi izingcezu eziningana ngayinye);

- imbewu yezinhlamvu (okusanhlamvu kufakwa emhlabathini ebangeni elifanayo ukusuka komunye nomunye);

- Ama-aggregates ajwayelekile asetshenziselwa njalo, okufaka nje imbewu emhlabathini (ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuhlwanyela utshani ngamakhambi).

Imishini yokuhlwanyela imbewu iyimishini eyinkimbinkimbi engakwazi ukuyenza ngokushesha imisebenzi eminingana. Inqubo yezobuchwepheshe emithini yokuhlwanyela imbewu ingachazwa kanje: imbewu evela ebhokisini lokusanhlamvu ingena ithebhu yenzalo, lapho kuhlanganiswa khona umanyolo, emva kwalokho, ngosizo lwezingodo ezijikelezayo, zombili izingxenye zifakwa emhlabathini futhi zigcwala umhlaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, idivaysi ivumela abalimi ukuba balinganise inhlabathi emva kokusebenza okunjalo, okwenza kube lula ukuqhutshwa phambili.

I-drill imbewu ingaba uhlobo olukhethekile noma olujwayelekile. Amasampuli ahlanganisiwe avumela ukuhlwanyela kwezitshalo ezihlukahlukene (ngokuvamile izinhlamvu nezinhlamvu), kanti ezinye izitshalo zidinga imishini ekhethekile ekhethekile kakhulu (ummbila okusanhlamvu, isithombo sebhitrudi, ifilakisi, njll). Iyunithi eyodwa jikelele, njengombuso, ishintsha ezinye eziningana ezijwayelekile.

Umshini wokuhlwanyela okusanhlamvu (ohlangene) usetshenziswe kaningi kunendlela yokulandelela, evumela ukucubungula izindawo ezinkulu nokwenza amayunithi amaningi. Isibonelo, kusukela ku-1 kuya ku-6 abalimi abahamba ngezinyawo bangabandakanyeka emkhankasweni wokuhlwanyela, oqoqwe kwinkimbinkimbi eyodwa, eqhutshwa ngugandaganda owodwa. Amasampuli asetshenzisiwe asetshenziselwa ukutshala imbewu emasimini amancane, lapho kuqhubeka khona ukukhuphuka komqondo kanye nesimo sengqondo sokucophelela enhlabathini (ukuhlukahluka okuhambisanayo kuhlale kulula kunezithunjwa).