Isivuno amazambane kusuka 1 ha. amazambane ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe. Cultivars (isithombe)

Inani lale isitshalo eRussia kunzima overestimate. Amazambane - yemifino adliwe kakhulu ezweni lethu. 120-130 kg umuntu ngamunye ngonyaka - sibalo abalulekile, futhi ukwenziwa amazambane, thina yesibili kuphela China. Lena isiko amasu okuqinisekisa ngempumelelo ukulondeka kokudla yezwe.

Potato eRussia

Esinye sezici zokukhiqiza yethu amazambane iyona predominance amapulazi yangasese, ngokwesiko libhekene nokusebenza ngendlela ongaphakeme ngenxa ukwabelana okuphezulu umsebenzi wezandla.

Eminyakeni yamuva, abaningi ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa ezinkulu amazambane, okubonisa isivuno kakhulu kunalokhu ngenxa kungenzeka ukusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe nesayensi-based amazinga fertilizer.

Esinye isici sobuntu Eminyakeni yamuva yiyona nokwehlisa endaweni obubekelwe eceleni ukutshala amazambane. Kodwa ukwanda komkhiqizo ngenkathi sivumela olungaba isinxephezelo ngokugcwele ngenxa ukwehla lokutshala ndawo.

Nokho, ukuze uhambisane emazweni asathuthuka, sidinga ukwandisa ezingeni lamanje umkhiqizo izikhathi ezingaphezu kwezimbili. Akulula, ngoba lokuncintisana, futhi amanani kaphethiloli enyuka ngokushesha ezimakethe wezolimo.

Futhi, njengokujwayelekile, ngemuva Logistics umkhakha. Konke lokhu kwaholela yokuthi abakhiqizi abaningi hamba ababuthakathaka, ayikwazi ukumelana nokuncintisana, kanti bonke abanye bephoqeleka ukuba cabanga okwandisa kwemikhiqizo lifakazelwa.

IRussia ingelinye umholi wendabuko ngokuya ukukhiqizwa okwedlulele amazambane, esikhiqiza 11% yokuvuna global. Ngakho 70-80% womkhiqizo injalo iluhlaza iya ukusetshenziswa yangasese.

Industrial ukucutshungulwa eRussia kakhulu kabi athuthukile, esingeqile amaphesenti ambalwa. Ngokwalokho okubikezelwa, ukuhanjiswa elilandelayo amazambane emakethe eRussia lihlotshaniswa ukuthuthukiswa ukucutshungulwa zemifino.

The main amazambane izinambuzane

Colorado amazambane beetle - omunye main amazambane izinambuzane. On neziqinti naye olwisana ngesandla lokuqoqa mabhungane, iziphungumangathi kanti izibungu esitsheni uphalafini, formalin noma brine eqinile. Ezindaweni endaweni enkulu isicelo 80% ETHYL Diloram noma trichlorfon. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuba ekwelapheni chemical - ukuqala kabusha eyesibili neyesithathu yobudala elalikudle lapho liseyisibungu.

Potato simila nematode uvame ukuhlasela amazambane. izibungu wayo umonakalo kanye izimpande nokuyizigaxa izitshalo. Nematode izinhlumba zisemhlabeni, izimpande amazambane, futhi ibe amaqanda 200-1000 ngamunye. Ngaphandle, lesi sitshalo ibukeka ogulayo ngesikhathi esifanayo, amahlamvu ephansi singafi, kanti bonke abanye ngokushesha ukuncipha. I izinhlumba angaphila kuze kube iminyaka engu-10 noma ngaphezulu. Emasayithini elinegciwane ngokuvamile athobele zokwehlukanisa imidumba azihlakulele, okusanhlamvu kanye nemifino kuze kube iminyaka emine. Pest Control ayikuvumeli ukusetshenziswa itheleleke imbewu eningi namathuluzi asetshenziswa ukuhlakulela inhlabathi.

Wireworms - izibungu chofoza mabhungane, kokulimaza izimpande nokuyizigaxa. Ukuze ulwe nabo uhlele izicupho, ukudala kweqembu elincane utshani engadini. Babuthela mabhungane, okuyinto kamuva wabhubhisa. Usizo Good kanye Ukuhlakula ukhula kubalulekile ikakhulukazi ukubhubhisa lombhede.

Imvukuzane Cricket - ezinkulu amagciwane ensundu, uhlele izidleke at a 10-15 cm Le inkathazo ukujula odla konke: izimpande, neziqu, futhi nezilimo eziyizigaxa, kanye nembewu nezinye imifino impande .. Ukuze umelane nakho kuyadingeka inhlabathi ekwindla kuya okungenani 25 cm ukujula. Assist njengoba lolo kusuka umquba. Ezimweni nolokubhujiswa okunzima inhlabathi esetshenziswa benzofosfat.

Impi yokulwa izinambuzane amazambane kufanele kube yilokho esigxila kukho lapho bonke abathintekayo kulinywe yayo, kungenjalo ungalahlekelwa wonke kwezitshalo wakho.

amazambane inzuzo

Uma uchitha ekukhiqizeni ama-ruble ayizigidi 80, ungathola isivuno amazambane kusuka 1 ha in inani amathani angu-20. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ne kakolweni endaweni efanayo uzokwazi ukuqoqa amathani 7-8 kuphela, ezizohlinzeka ababecishe babe izinkulungwane 60-65. Deda. inzuzo. Endabeni isicelo amasha ubuchwepheshe isivuno amazambane kusuka 1 ha ongafinyelela 80 t / ha, futhi imali, ngokulandelana - ruble ayizigidi 800.!

Izazi zilinganisela ukuthi kubalulekile ukuba zifinyelele 100-240% RIO amazambane. Uhlelo lwebhizinisi ekukhiqizeni yayo kufanele inake endaweni yensimu okungenani angu-250 amahektha, kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali kwezimali -. $ 7 miliyoni ezingeni, futhi inhloko-dolobha ngisho zokusebenza $ 0.5-1 million ngonyaka odlule inzuzo leli bhizinisi eRussia zaba 40-60 %.

Ngokwe-ochwepheshe efanayo amazambane ezikhulayo iphrojekthi okhokhela okuyisilinganiso seminyaka engu 5-7, ngemiphumela zesikhashana akuzona Indlela njalo. Ngesikhathi umsebenzi edingekayo ukutshalwa kwezimali ngendlela ehlelekile nokuya sina. Isibonelo, ihlanganisa izindleko imayelana ayizinkulungwane 300. Euro, uMtshali kubiza inkulungwane 80. Euro, njll imishini Soviet siphelelwe isikhathi futhi kungase kubangele ukulimala isivuno.

Kodwa konke lokhu kusebenza ukukhiqizwa yezimboni. Ukuze amapulazi ngabanye kukhona izikimu nge ongaphakeme ezingeni utshalomali, kodwa ngemajini aphansi.

Ipulani ebhizinisi isayithi ikhaya

amazambane ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe esiqeshini siqu has izici zayo siqu. Ukuze uqale, zama ukubala okungenani i inzuzo eseduze amazambane ibhizinisi ngaphansi kwezimo zamanje. Ngenxa yale njongo kubalulekile ukuhlaziya izindleko elilinganisiwe. Khona-ke kunengqondo ukuba abale inzuzo engenayo, banikezwe isivuno isilinganiso amazambane kusuka 1 ha futhi amanani wholesale. Ngemva kwalokho, umthamo wamandla umholo ophelele kufanele emholweni idijithi lesibili. izibalo lesilinganisiwe ngoba 0.5 ha ngesakhiwo kungaba kanje.

Motoblock: amageja, abalimi, Hiller, Potato	$ 700
zokutshala impahla	$ 600
Umquba amakhambi	$ 150
ezokuthutha	$ 50
Ubude:	$ 1500

Ngakho, zonke izindleko owandulelayo zibekwa ngendlela inani ayizinkulungwane 1.5. Dollars. onyakeni wokuqala kanye isivuno isilinganiso 200 kg nge aluka, kanti isilinganiso wholesale ukuthenga intengo amazambane $ 0.2 ngalinye 1 kg kusukela ekuthengisweni ingatholakala ayizinkulungwane 2 zamadola .. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe ayitholakali unyaka owodwa, bese eminyakeni eyalandela ungaba kuba okuningi engabizi amazambane. Intengo ke, empeleni nje ukhula.

izindlela Industrial ukukhiqizwa amazambane

amazambane ukukhiqizwa ubuchwepheshe nokusetshenziswa izindlela zanamuhla uye wavumela namuhla, kakhulu kwenta ncono kusebenta zokukhiqiza amazambane wemboni. Manje vula ukusebenzisa izindlela zezimboni kulinywe yayo. Lo mqondo kusho ngulemigomo lelandzelako.

1. ukukhiqizwa Ivolumu umi ngomumo, futhi izibalo ukuzithethelela.
2. Zonke imingcele izinga kubalwa bese usetha ngaphambi kokutshala.
3. Harvest yalungiswa ngokuhambisana esiqinile ngeshejula.

Konke lokhu ibangelwa izindlela yezimboni isicelo, ehlanganisa izinto ezilandelayo.

1. Ukuthuthukiswa abahlukahlukene lwenhlangano lobuchwepheshe ukuhlinzeka ukusebenza high, ngenxa kwehlisa izindleko zokukhiqiza.
2. Ukusebenza izindlela ezehlukene zobuchwepheshe ukuvumela cishe ihlakaze umthelela uma isimo sezulu sisibi.
3. Ukunciphisa ukuchayeka we isici womuntu ku umphumela inqubo ukukhiqizwa ngokusebenzisa izindlela nezindlela.
4. High isilinganiso amazambane isivuno kufezwa ngokusebenzisa isingeniso lamathuluzi wokuphatha nokulawula tekusebenta. Zidlala indima ebalulekile njengoba amasu zobuchwepheshe okuyinto ukusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuthi inombolo kuhlelwe imikhiqizo.

Njengamanje, kukhona njalo ithuba ukuthuthela izindlela ezimbonini amazambane. Lokhu lula lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• emakethe ukufunwa lomkhiqizo zikhulisa njalo;
• inani lezisebenzi kwezolimo, njengoba ngekhono ezingeni yabo, kuyehla;
• art emakethe kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba ukuthenga ipulazi imishini uyakwazi ekusebenziseni ukusebenzisa izindlela zezimboni;
• ukutholakala eziphambili emhlabeni impumelelo lobuchwepheshe ikuvumela ukuba wenze ukushintshela ku ezingeni elisha ngokuphelele amazambane kulinywe.

Ukuphumelela izixazululo lobuchwepheshe akufanele incike ubukhulu ipulazi futhi ngokucacile yayo. Isixazululo inkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kwathatha izindlela zezimboni lufanele lwenteke kulamazinga lalandzelako ngesisekelo okungcono ezweni noma emhlabeni jikelele isipiliyoni, kanye nezincomo ongoti abaqeqeshiwe.

Indlela ukwandisa isivuno amazambane

Kunezici eziningi ezithinta isivuno amazambane. Nazi ezinye zazo.

1. Ikhwalithi lokutshala impahla kumele kube okusezingeni eliphezulu.
2. Amazambane zihlale ubeka ingcindezi phezulu enhlabathini, ikakhulukazi imodi yayo emoyeni. Yingakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba Spud ngesikhathi esifanele ukwandisa izivuno. Uma Spud athukulule kokwehla izikhathi eziningana phezu ehlobo, ngisho inhlabathi loamy akuyona kwezihibe. Ungakhohlwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, isiphi isikhathi esingcono kakhulu hilling -. Uma isitshalo ukuphakama kusuka 5 kuya ku-20 cm Lapho ukukhula hilling kwezitshalo kungenxa kwandziswa kwelinani kanye nosayizi nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Uma singalitholi friendly kwalesi sikhathi, ukukhula umkhiqizo sezivuma kuphela ngokwandisa isisindo nezilimo eziyizigaxa.
3. Lapho ukutshala irowu izikhala akufanele kube ngaphansi kuka-90 cm.
4. Phakathi zom nokukhula eyingqabavu nezilimo eziyizigaxa ezibalulekile ukunikeza semali wamanzi 10-15 amalitha isitshalo ngasinye.
5. Phakathi zom futhi luthela Umanyolo omuhle. Amazinga ku ehlathini 3-6 g superphosphate, 4.3 g potassium sulfate, 01,03 g ammonium nitrate noma urea, ukhuni noma Peat umlotha. Bondlekile inyoni droppings noma mullein, ukuqinisekisa eliphezulu amazambane. Intengo yalezi fertilizer uphansi. Ngokwesibonelo, mullein zingathengwa for ruble 40 per 5 amalitha.
6. Ukuze nokuvulwa Kunconywa ngesikhathi zezimbali ukususa sezihlahla onesifo, kanye ukungcola hhayi amazambane profiled. Lokhu kuzokhulisa isivuno by 10-20% ngonyaka.
7. Esigabeni of luthela ewusizo ukususa zonke umoba imbali, futhi kwandisa isivuno.

Isicelo Umanyolo for amazambane

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ngesikhathi ukukhula amazambane ukudansela isiginci sakhe endaweni cishe 50 kg nitrogen, phosphorus 20 kg futhi 90 kg potassium kusekelwe amathani 10 komkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke lezi umquba kufanele njalo lithathwa umhlabathi ukuze akusho nemvundo namazambane babekwazi ukunikeza amandla adingekayo kuye.

Nitrogen kusiza ukukhula esebenzayo zezitshalo, ukungena carbohydrate ku nezilimo eziyizigaxa.

Phosphorus kwandisa ukumelana nesomiso, eba uhlelo impande futhi aqoqana isitashi tuber, sandla yokuvuthwa kwabo ekuqaleni.

Potassium kubangela nokwanda kokungabi carbohydrate tuber, kwandisa ukumelana weathering.

Zalisa inhlabathi, kubalulekile ukugcina ukulinganisela okufanele. Lapho potassium ukuntula, nitrogen isib kabi ugxile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, okwedlula yimuphi umanyolo ungakulimaza engengaphansi kwengu ethile.

Isikhathi Kunconywa ukusebenzisa Umanyolo ezindaweni ezimaphakathi ngoJulayi, enyakatho - July no-August, futhi eningizimu - ngoJuni.

Sebenzisa manyolo organic, nakuba andise izithelo kabili, izazi zezolimo namahlathi musa batusa ngenxa ingozi yokutheleleka uqweqwe, noma shaya izibungu Meyi ibhungane. ukusebenzisa kangcono torfonavoznye composts.

Njengoba nomanyolo for amazambane ekwindla ukuncoma superphosphate kathathu (1 kg per eziyikhulu square metres), kanye potassium sulfate (2 kg sq.m. ngayinye).

Entwasahlobo kahle zalisa amazambane kanye urea nitrate (1 kg sq.m. ngayinye). Ungasebenzisa futhi umquba eziyinkimbinkimbi: nitrophoska 5 kg eziyikhulu square metres futhi NPK - 3 kg.

Bone sidlo - umbono omuhle we Umanyolo for amazambane ekwindla, ngaphezu kwalokho, sithuthukisa ukunambitheka umkhiqizo. Futhi kulesi sikhathi kuyasiza zalisa superphosphate phansi futhi Kemira amazambane, lokhu okudingeka bashintshashintshe ngayo amazambane umquba.

Podpitok emvelo, ekahle amazambane, kufanele ngokuthi izinkuni umlotha. Ngaphezu izimonyo, yena nalo ukuvikela ezifweni eziningi futhi abolile. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukuqala ke umlotha nitrophosphate, bese ubheka imiphumela. Umanyolo Bust kubi izitshalo.

Izinhlobonhlobo best of amazambane

Ukuze ukutshala engcono kunazo zonke ongayithatha eliphezulu nezilimo eziyizigaxa. Ziyakwazi ezibizayo ngaphandle ngezikhathi kodwa ukuqinisekisa zizwakale kahle futhi sokuvuna enempilo.

Kunoma iyiphi cottage ehlobo lapho njalo ukukhula amazambane ezihlabayo ezingaba bambe up kusukela maphakathi no-ihlobo. Phakathi kwezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokuqala ungabahlukanisa, ezifana Timo, Ariyeli, I-Lark, bullfinch Luck futhi okulingene ekuseni - futhi Nkosikazi prizewinner.

Razvaristy kanye ezihlukahlukene ethandwa ngenyama emhlophe Sineglazka has a engaba ongaphakeme eYurophu ubhekwa emkhunjini.

Kulabo abalandela impilo, kungenziwa Kunconywa izinhlobo ezifana Dutch Mona Lisa, Umfanekiso, Roman, isiJalimane Arosa, Rosario, Feloks Finnish Timo, Asterix. Kulezi izinhlobo eziningi carotene, kuthuthukisa mbono.

Futhi, ungakwazi kalula indlela ukunambitheka yakho. Ososayensi bathole ukuthi izinhlobo esihlwabusayo aqukethe amino ngaphezulu acid, ama-nucleotide, ama-fatty acid!

Esikhathini mncintiswano for ukunambitheka best of ubuqhawe labetibambile izinhlobo ezifana Borodyansky pink, bullfinch Adretta, Aurora, oluhlaza, Vesnyanka, Tempe.

Kuwufanele ukugqamisa ezihlukahlukene Zhukovsky. I amazambane kungokwalabo izinhlobo zokuqala, ingane yakho ikhula kahle ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi. Kuyinto ukumelana izifo eziningi, has a uqweqwe bushelelezi, ukuphila eshalofini eside, futhi kunambitheka okukhulu.

Bellarosa amazambane ezifuywa abalimi isiJalimane, Kunconywa ukulima eMpumalanga Yurophu. Kuyinto ezihlukahlukene zokuqala, kungase bambe up kakade ngosuku 45th. Uyena kuzuzisa kakhulu: amazambane isivuno kusuka 1 ha - 400 quintals!

Hlunga Bellarosa neze ekuthonyweni izinambuzane, hhayi lifuna umswakama, ukumelana nesomiso, ikhula kunoma iyiphi inhlabathi ngaphandle ubumba esindayo, isitoreji bezutraten (93%). It has nezilimo eziyizigaxa bushelelezi ezinkulu, zizwakale kahle futhi friability okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Indlela ukugcina amazambane

Lapho ukugcina amazambane kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba singavumeli nezilimo eziyizigaxa ukubola noma ukuqala ukuhluma. Ngakho-ke, kungcono ukugcina endaweni epholile futhi ezomile, okuyinto eyenza kuleli cala kahle umoya.

Ikakhulukazi kudingeka uqaphe entwasahlobo, lapho nezilimo eziyizigaxa ulahlekelwe mass yabo, eziwohlokayo ukubukeka kwabo futhi kunciphisa inani amavithamini. Phakathi nale nkathi yokuba amazambane kumele alandele futhi uhlole njalo ngoba umonakalo.

amazambane inqubo isitoreji zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu.

1. Kwaphela amasonto amabili, cwilisa isitoreji at t ^{mayelana +15.} Ngakho kukhona ukuphulukiswa tuber, futhi babo kancane out umswakama.
2. Kuze kube sekupheleni amazambane ebusika, kunjengokungathi "elele", t engcono ^wesitoreji - kusuka 3 kuya 5 ° ^C.
3. Njengoba sekunama-entwasahlobo nezilimo eziyizigaxa ziqala ukulungiselela for ukuhluma. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokushisa isitoreji kungenziwa wakhuliswa degrees ambalwa.

Amazambane - umondli

Kukhona izinyathelo eziningana ukuthi awukwazi kuyoqedwa amazambane ezikhulayo. Uhlelo lwebhizinisi ekukhiqizeni yayo endaweni encane (cishe 0.3 hectares) ukuphathwa yayo kanye yokuthengisa uhlanganisa izigaba eziningana emakethe.

Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukuba ulungiselele ukwaziswa zokutshala. Khona-ke kubalulekile ukuba afeze wonke umsebenzi odingekayo wokulungiselela emhlabathini, bese kuphela ungaya ukutshala amazambane.

Bese ulandela izinyathelo hilling fertilizer. Kuyadingeka ukuba banakekele ukuvikelwa izinambuzane nezifo. Ukuvuna - futhi hhayi isigaba lula umsebenzi ngemva kokukhuphukela zokugcina izinyathelo ezimbili: iphakeji isofthiwe USB.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, kumele ube okungenani imishini ubuncane. Ukuze lokhu okungenani osebenza, ngaphezu kwakho konke, a mini-ugandaganda. Le kit kufanele nakanjani woza Ridger alime. Yiqiniso, kufanele kube umzimba ugandaganda. Ungakhohlwa ukuthenga idivayisi for ukumba. It kuyodingeka ezizofakwa mini-ugandaganda.

Kuhle ukucabangela omunye sici esithakazelisayo: amazambane wageza, omisiwe futhi ngobunono ezipakishiwe ithengiswe emakethe cishe izikhathi ezimbili ezibizayo ngaphandle zingcolile, ngokuxhamazela ukulayishwa ezikhwameni evamile grey futhi akuthandeki.

Unalokhu engqondweni, ungakwazi ukwandisa sina umholo wabo, hhayi kuphela ngenxa lezimpahla ukupakisha amazambane zabo. Kungenzeka ukuhlela isembozo amazambane kahle okulungiselelwe kanye nezinye abakhiqizi. Kungenzeka, isimiso, ukwakha leli bhizinisi.

Lokhu kuzodinga nezimiso ezithile:

• namanzi unomphela;
• iziqukathi ezinkulu wokugezela amazambane;
• egumbini lapho singasetshenziswa omisiwe;
• ngezinga elikhulu;
• izikhwama upakisha futhi ilebula kubo.

Ngakho kungenzeka ukuhlela eyakho kusuka ekuqaleni amazambane ibhizinisi futhi lingenisa inzuzo.