Phuket - Tsunami (2004): Umlando kanye Imiphumela

Tsunami - umdondoshiya futhi eside amagagasi olwandle ukuthi zibangelwa kwamanzi ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo noma ukuzamazama komhlaba ne ubukhulu ezingaphezu kuka 7 amaphuzu. Phakathi komhlaba kwamanzi sigudluke izingxenye ekujuleni kolwandle esakha uchungechunge amagagasi elimazayo. isivinini sabo ongafinyelela 1000 km / ihora, futhi ukuphakama - 50 m nangaphezulu. Mayelana 80% ama-tsunami kwenzeka elwandle eliKhulu iPacific.

Tsunami e-Thailand (2004), Phuket

December 26, 2004 - Lolu suku wehla emlandweni njengoba usuku kwenzeka le nhlekelele enkulu omkhulu, okuyinto sabulala abaningi. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona tsunami Phuket (2004). Patong, Karon, nezinye amabhishi baye bahlupheka kakhulu. Ngezinye 07:58 nesikhathi sendawo ezansi kwe-Indian Ocean eduze esiqhingini Simeulue sekukhona ukuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla ezidlula kuze kufinyelele 9.3 amaphuzu. Wenza uchungechunge enkulu magagasi asabekayo ukuthi abantu emhlabeni wonke basayikhumbula ngokwesaba nokuzisola. Amanzi killer amahora ambalwa wayencisha izimpilo abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-300 futhi kubangelwa kubhujiswa okubi phezu kogu lwase-Asia.

Thailand wayengomunye walaba kuthi baye balahlekelwa esindayo ukuhlaselwa tsunami. Bhicongo phansula engxenyeni esentshonalanga ye ogwini. Ngo-2004, i-tsunami emabhishi Phuket phansi ngokuphelele ingqalasizinda: amahhotela, amaqembu kanye nemigoqo. Kwakuwusuku izindawo edume kunazo phakathi izivakashi emhlabeni wonke - Karon, Patong, Kamala, Kata. Kulinganiselwa jikelele, wabulala abangamakhulu amaningana abantu.

Umlando ekuqaleni nenhlekelele enkulu

Kwaba Usuku lwangomhla ka-, lapho abaningi zazisekhona embhedeni, kodwa ezinye ukuphumula ogwini. Ezansi olwandle kwakukhona ukushaqeka eqinile, okwaholela ukufuduka yamanzi. uthuthumele Underground babe ngokuphelele imperceptible, ngakho akekho ngisho esolwa ekuqaleni inhlekelele. Ngesivinini 1000 km / h wave zathuthelekela ogwini Thailand, Sri Lanka, Indonesia nase Somalia. Yaqala kanjalo-ke i-tsunami e Phuket (2004). Karon Beach wayephakathi izindawo sekukaningi hit.

Ngokuxoxa ukuphakama ezweni ukugeleza kwamanzi ezindaweni ezithile kwaba ngu-40 metres. I-tsunami e Phuket th 2004 yayinamandla enamandla kakhulu elimazayo, kuyedlula ukuqhuma ibhomu le-athomu eHiroshima futhi Nagasaki.

Cishe ngehora elilodwa ngemuva kuzamazama kwangaphansi kolwandle futhi izwe laqala kwenzeke izinto eziyinqaba: endaweni ethile yamanzi ngakwesokunxele 1.5 km kusuka ogwini, umsindo buthule emadlambini, izinyoni nezilwane bagijima kude ngenxa yokwesaba kude (ezintabeni). Abantu babengaqondi ukuthi ngesikhathi esisodwa zonke izingozi futhi eqoqwe amagobolondo shoaled ocean phansi. Njengoba igagasi killer ngamamitha ayi-15 kwadingeka Crest ezimhlophe, akusiyo ngokushesha ebonakalayo kusukela ogwini. Lapho i-tsunami e Phuket (2004) wafika ebhishi, kwase kwephuze kakhulu ukuba ukubaleka. Ngesivinini Amazing amagagasi kwasani konke endleleni yayo. amandla kwabo okulimazayo uye wabavumela ukuba uthole amakhilomitha amabili uma uya phakathi nezwe.

Lapho ezinyakazayo wave ime, amanzi ngokushesha babuyela. Ingozi enkulu is hhayi bethwele amanzi uqobo, imfucumfucu, izihlahla, izimoto, ukhonkolo, rebar, ezikhangiso - konke okusongelayo ukuphuca umuntu wokuphila.

Izici Zabantu tsunami Phuket 2004

Scene - kuyinto emkhawulweni esentshonalanga Pacific Rim ukuzamazama komhlaba, owenzeka ngo-cishe u-80% uthuthumele enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Kube shift ipuleti Indian ngaphansi eBurma lapho ukwa ubude mayelana 1200 amakhilomitha. Le nhlekelele kwaba ngendlela emangalisayo ezinkulu, njengoba ipuleti Indian ekujuleni kolwandle uyabelana nobani insimu yase-Australia futhi kubhekwa njengengxenye yokuphila Eurasia Burmese. Rift amapuleti ihlukaniswe izigaba ezimbili lamashumi emva kwamaminithi ambalwa. Izinga nokuxhumana kwaba amakhilomitha amabili ngomzuzwana, ukwakha isiqondiso iphutha and Nicobar Andaman Islands.

i-tsunami enjalo elimazayo Phuket kwakungelona engamashumi ayisishiyagalombili. Ososayensi bathi kufanele kudlule ekhulwini, phambi ipuleti ixhunywe uqale ukunyakaza futhi. Ngokusho izazi zokuzamazama komhlaba, ama-tsunami Phuket (2004) ngaqina emzimbeni, okuyinto ilingana amandla megatons ezinhlanu TNT.

Imiphumela le nhlekelele

inhlekelele nemiphumela zazimane kabi. Phuket ngemva kwe-tsunami (2004) - isithombe esethusayo. Umshini kuyinto endaweni yokwamukela izivakashi yehhotela, isikebhe - phezu kophahla lwendlu, futhi isihlahla - echibini. Yilokho amanzi akwenzile. Buildings ababemi ogwini eyabhujiswa ngokuphelele. Thai ePharadesi - Phuket - Tsunami (2004), isithombe ongawabona ephepheni, waphendukela esihogweni. Kusukela bhasi ifenisha, izindlu, kanye nezimoto kungabonwa izidumbu zabantu nezilwane. Abasinda esesimweni esinjalo ukushaqeka ukuthi babengakwazi suka kwenzeka le nhlekelele. I-tsunami e-Thailand ngo-2004 (Phuket) ayizange olulodwa: ngiyontengantenga emuva kabili futhi bathatha yonke impilo zabantu 8500. Omunye elite Phi Phi Island kusele ngokuphelele ngaphansi kwamanzi. Inani elikhulu izisulu - izingane.

ukusiza lapho kuvele ihlekelele

Ngokushesha ngemva kokuphuma amanzi, abatakuli sebeqalile ukukuqaphela izinyathelo ayisuse imiphumela. Bakhandwa ngokushesha luphumelele ezempi amaphoyisa, bamisa izisulu. Njengoba lesi siqhingi sezulu esishisayo kakhulu, ukukhula nge ihora ngalinye odlulayo ingozi yamagciwane esithathelanayo amanzi kanye nomoya. Ngakho-ke, kwakudingekile ukuba uthole zonke izisulu, angakwazi ukuhlonza ngingcwabe. amaqembu Viva esebenza ubusuku nemini ngaphandle kokuphumula. Amazwe amaningi emhlabeni abazange bahlale ongenandaba abadingisiwe womuntu ezibonakalayo ukuze asize izakhamuzi Thai.

Inombolo eyisilinganiso labantu abashone Phuket kwaba abantu abayizinkulungwane 8. 500, lapho 5 izinkulungwane. 400 ayesendleleni bamazwe angaphandle abasuka emazweni angaphezu kwamashumi amane emhlabeni lapho 2004 i-tsunami. Kwakuwusuku-tsunami ezibulala abantu abake bakubona.

Iziphetho lososayensi Ochwepheshe

Ngemva kwenhlekelele, kwakudingekile ukuba sihlaziye imithombo nhlekelele futhi sithathe izinyathelo zokuphepha. Iziphathimandla Thai bajoyine uhlelo kokulandela jikelele izenzakalo ekujuleni kolwandle. Kwamiswa zokuxwayisa izakhamuzi uma kuyingozi, bahamba babeqeqeshwa imithetho yokuziphatha phakathi isignali inhlabamkhosi. Iqembu target zalezi zinyathelo kwakungafanele bendawo kuphela, kodwa futhi izivakashi.

amabutho omkhulu ukuvuselela izingqalasizinda abezenhlalakahle nezokuvakasha ziye wachitha. Esiqhingini izakhiwo zazakhiwa onensika ngokhonkolo njalo nakakhulu, lapho izindonga esakhiwe parallel noma engela etshekile ukuhamba okuhloswe tsunami.

Iminyaka ngemva kwale nhlekelele

Namuhla sivele sidlulile eyishumi nantathu kusukela ngosuku le nhlekelele, okuyinto zabulala abantu abangaba ngu amathathu namashumi ezinkulungwane zabantu, ushiye ubuhlungu nokuhlupheka izinhliziyo zabantu emhlabeni wonke. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, Thailand wakwazi ukubuyisa ngokugcwele ezindaweni ezithintekile. Ngemva konyaka le nhlekelele, lo abahlali baye baphelelwa nophahla phezu kwekhanda lakhe, wanika ikhaya elisha. Izakhiwo zazakhiwa izinto okuyinto uma ingozi ongabhekana ukumelana izinhlekelele zemvelo.

Namuhla, izivakashi cishe ukhohlwe usizi ngisho nentshiseko ngokwengeziwe uya ukuphumula ogwini zombuso. Ngemva kwe-tsunami e Phuket (2004), Karon Beach, Patong Beach, futhi zonke ezinye izindawo ethandwa muhle nakakhulu. izakhiwo engcono zazakhiwa. Futhi lapho bebona izimpawu eziyisixwayiso kuphela ngengozi ukubuya kwabantu ngesikhathi kwenzeka le nhlekelele.

BaseRussia owasinda-tsunami

Phuket ngo-2004, Patong Beach nezinye amabhishi izivakashi - lokhu endaweni yokuphumula, futhi izivakashi eziningi Russian. Ihhovisi lamanxusa aseRussia e Bangkok emva abasebenzi nhlekelele Ihora eziphuthumayo. Indlunkulu wathola mayelana 2,000 efoni ngosuku. Uhlu lokuqala kwaba mayelana 1 ayizinkulungwane. 500 baseRussia okungenzeka esiqhingini ngesikhathi kwenzeka le nhlekelele.

Kuze Januwari 6, kukhona search lomuntu ngamunye ohlwini. Kusukela ngosuku lokuqala kakhulu usizi zonke izisulu esizwa amavolontiya - abaseRussia abahlala Thailand, kanye nabasebenzi travel ejensi. Kancane kancane, Abasinda, ngokulinganisa kwenza uhlu Russian indiza ukuthuthwa kwabantu ngenxa yengozi Ministry of Izimo eziphuthumayo. Ngale ndlela, sasiwumsebenzi ukuthumela ekhaya abantu baseRussia abangaba ngu ayisishiyagalombili izakhamuzi zamazwe angomakhelwane.

Futhi benza uhlu letingekho. Januwari 8 Inventory laphela, ngilokhu ngikufuna. Cishe esikhathini esingangonyaka zokukhomba izisulu. Kamuva, abantu baqala kubhekwe ayisekho ulahlekile futhi efile.

Ngingaba ukuza Thailand emva inhlekelele yembulunga yonke?

Ngemva kwale nhlekelele , iziphathimandla Thai nososayensi American sezisungule uhlelo ezijulile-amanzi esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni for the kusenesikhathi tsunami. Isaziso inhlekelele eseduze isuke kwenzeka emahoreni ambalwa ngaphambi kwale ngozi. Futhi, ngemva kwale nhlekelele lwapheleliswa simiso zithuthe abantu abalinganiselwa ku kude magagasi asabekayo. Ngisho ku ezinjalo esiqhingini esincane sengathi Phi Phi kungase sibalekele ezintabeni.

Uhlelo, okuyinto eye bahlabe umkhosi kusengaphambili, iye wazama 11 Apreli 2012, lapho kwenzeka i-tsunami futhi (zonke zabantu zathuthelwa kwezinye izindawo, hhayi kule nhlekelele ulilethele yemiphumela enjalo edabukisayo, kokubili 2004). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ososayensi babikezela ukuthi ngaphambi kwale nhlekelele ezayo ngizodabula eziningi zeminyaka.

Labo zisekhona wesaba uphumule ngasolwandle, abahambi abanolwazi belulekwa ukuya enyakatho yezwe lapho into embi kakhulu engehlela kuyindlela aphume amabhange emfuleni Chao Phraya kanye iMekong. Lena ngempela ezingemnandi, kodwa hhayi ebulalayo.

Okufanele ukwenze uma i-tsunami kuzokwenzekani?

Uphawu lokuqala esondela igagasi elikhulu khona ukuzamazama komhlaba. Kuze kube manje, uhlelo ukuphepha Thailand ukuze ithole izinguquko amanzi olwandle olujulile, eyobonisa ingozi. Kunoma ikuphi akunakwenzeka ukuziba outflow abukhali yamanzi. Kulesi simo, kudingeka isinyathelo ngokushesha okukhulu.

Uma uhlangabezana Isakhiwo sazamazama, noma izokwazisa lokusondela kwe-tsunami ezayo, kumele wena:

• ukuqoqa wonke eziyigugu, ukuvimbela inani elikhulu kunawo kungenzeka zabantu ngezingozi esegijima ukushiya indawo;
• sitheza magagasi asabekayo ezintabeni noma ezindaweni elise kude ogwini;
• sinake izimpawu ezibonisa indlela emfushane egqumeni;
• Igagasi lokuqala angase abe mancane, ngakho kudingeka ube yindawo ephephile cishe amahora amabili ukuqedela ukusikhohlisa.

Ngemva ukuqothulwa 2004-tsunami, uhulumeni elibuyekeziwe ohlelweni nokuvikeleka, kanye namuhla ingozi izingozi encishisiwe.