Isivumelwano seSchönbrunn: okuqukethwe kanye nencazelo

Umhlangano weSchönbrunn waba yindawo ebaluleke kunazo zonke ekwakhiweni kwesinye sezivumelwano ezidumile kakhulu ezombusazwe nezombusazwe zaseYurophu ekhulwini lesithathu leminyaka yekhulu le-19. Ukusayina kwaleli dokhumenti kwakungaphambi kokuhlanganiswa koMbuso waseRussia neJalimane ne-Austria-Hungary. Ngaleso sikhathi, isikhundla senqubomgomo yangaphandle yezwe lethu kwibalazwe yomhlaba laliyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ngenxa yokunqotshwa empini, ngakho ukusayinwa kwedokhumenti okukhulunywe ngayo kwakubaluleke kakhulu ekuhoxisweni kwayo.

Okudingekayo

I-Schönbrunn Convention iyisivumelwano phakathi kweRussia ne-Austria-Hungary, isayinwe ukuze igcine ukungathathi hlangothi phakathi kwababambe iqhaza esivumelwaneni. Kodwa-ke, ukuze siqonde ukuthi kusho ukuthini nokuthi kubaluleke kangakanani, kubalulekile ukuchaza ngokucacile izimo lapho izwe lethu lithola khona ngemva kokunqotshwa kweMpi YaseCrimea. Imiphumela yalo yanciphisa ubukhosi bombuso e-Arena yaseYurophu ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuthi uhulumeni walahlekelwa ilungelo lokugcina i-navy e-Black Sea. Mhlawumbe lokhu kwakuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezweni. Kwaphela iminyaka engamashumi amabili emva kokuphela kwempi, eJalimane ngezindlela eziningi kwafaka isandla ekunqobeni ukuhlukaniswa kwamazwe ngamazwe aseRussia, lapho kutholakala khona ngemva kokunqotshwa. Ubudlelwane ne-Austria-Hungary bebuyinkimbinkimbi ngezindinganiso eziningi ngenxa yokuthi izithakazelo zezwe zazihlangene eBalkans. Noma kunjalo, ekuqaleni kwawo-1870, kwakukhona ukuhlangana phakathi kwalezi zizwe.

Isingeniso kanye nephuzu lokuqala

Umhlangano weSchönbrunn (unyaka wokusayinwa - 1873) uhlanganisa amalungiselelo amaningi ebalulekile ekulawuleni ubudlelwane phakathi kwezwe lethu ne-Austria-Hungary. Lo mbhalo uqala ngesingeniso esifanele, lapho bobabusi ababili bekhuluma ngesifiso sabo sokusekela ukuthula kwendawo yonke kuleli zwekazi futhi bathathe zonke izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuze balondoloze. Lesi sitatimende sasiphawuleka kakhulu eminyakeni eyishumi emva kokulwa nempi, lapho abaningi bekhumbule imiphumela yeMpi YaseCrimea. Esigabeni sokuqala, izinhlangothi zathi ukuthi uma kungezwani ukungavumelani, ziyohambisana nesimiso esilandelayo ngesidingo sokugcina ukuthula nokulinganisela ezweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-Schoenbrunn Convention inikeza ukusetshenziswa kwebutho lempi uma kunesisongelo sokuphula umthetho nokuthula kuleli zwekazi. Leli gama elimboziwe libonisa ngokucacile ukuthi kungenzeka izinyathelo ezihlanganyelwe yizifunda lapho kusongelwa amasosha.

Izinto zesithathu nesine

Kulesi sihloko esilandelayo, abaphathi babenza isitatimende esibaluleke kakhulu ukuthi uma kwenzeka besongelwa ukuhlasela kusuka emandleni amathathu, bobabili umbusi bazovuma kuqala ngokuqhubekayo. Leli phuzu kubalulekile ngoba alihlinzeki abaxhumanisi ekuxazululeni inkinga yokulawulwa kwempi yezempi, kodwa, ngokuphambene nalokho, uthi abaphathi ngokwabo bayavumelana ngokuqondile ngokuhlanganyela ngokumelene nesitha esivamile.

I-Schönbrunn Convention inikeza ukuziphatha kwempi. Le dokhumenti ichaza ngokucacile ukuthi uma impi iqala, zombili izinhlangothi zizosayina isivumelwano esingeziwe emisebenzini yamaqembu ahlangene. Leli lungiselelo lifakazele ukuthi izwe lethu ngaleso sikhathi elibhekwayo seluvele livele lisuka emazweni angaphandle futhi lilungele ukuvikela izithakazelo zalo e-international arna.

Okushoyo

I-Schoenbrunn Convention iyisigaba esibalulekile ekwakhiweni kwebhokisi elisha lempi-yezombangazwe ezweni. Ukusayina kwaleli dokhumenti kwaba yisinyathelo ekubunjweni kweNyunyana Yabamakhosi Emithathu: eRussia, eJalimane nase-Austria-Hungary. Izwe lethu lithatha lesi sinyathelo ukuze liphikise leli bhulogi ithonya le-Anglo-French kuleli zwekazi. Kwakubaluleke nakakhulu ukuthi lawa mazwe amabili ayeyizitha eziyinhloko zombuso empini yangaphambilini.

Ngakho-ke, i-Schoenbrunn Convention yaqala ukubhaliswa ngokomthetho kwebunyano. Ngamafuphi, incazelo yalo ingachazwa kanje: yabeka isisekelo sokuhlukaniswa kwamabandla ezombangazwe aseYurophu abe amakamu amabili. Kodwa-ke, akuzange kuhlale isikhathi eside: ekupheleni kweminyaka eyi-1880, ukungezwani okukhulu kwavela phakathi kwezwe lethu kanye nabalingani balo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yenkinga yeBalkan. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iRussia yaqala ukuhlangana neFrance, okwakuyophela ekupheleni kwekhulu leminyaka yaba omunye wabathengi abayinhloko emnothweni waseRussia. Lokhu kubonise ukuqala komklamo we-Entente bloc entsha.