Isikole sokuphathwa kwesayensi ngokuhlolisisa iziqondiso eziyinhloko zokuthuthukiswa kwabaphathi

Igama elithi "ukuphathwa" eminyakeni engamashumi amabili edlule liye langena ngokuqinile empilweni yethu yansuku zonke. Kodwa-ke, bambalwa abaseRussia bayazi ukuthi unomlando omude futhi othakazelisayo, ngaphakathi kohlaka lapho kwakhiwa khona izikole eziningana ezinkulu, eziningi zazo ezisasebenza. Lezi zikhombisi-ndlela zifanekisela izindlela ezahlukene zokuphathwa kwamabhizinisi, ngemuva kwalokho kukhona umehluko ekuqondeni indawo yomuntu ophethe.

Enye yokuqala yayiyisikole sokuphathwa kwesayensi. Ukuqala kwayo nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo kuhlotshaniswa kakhulu namagama wabantu abanjengobucayi njengoFrey Taylor, G. Gantt, umkaGilbert. Bonke kubo emisebenzini yabo baxhomeke ekutheni ngendlela yokusebenza kwezesayensi yokukhiqiza, ukusebenzisa izindlela ezifana nokuhlaziywa kanye nokuhlanganiswa, ukungeniswa nokuncishiswa, umuntu angafinyelela ekupheleleni okuphezulu. Kungukuhlukaniswa kwazo zonke izinqubo zokukhiqiza zibe imisebenzi elula nomthetho wabo olandelayo ngokucophelela futhi wabeka isisekelo salokho esikubiza ngokuthi "isikole sokuphathwa kwesayensi".

UFr. Taylor nabalandeli bakhe baqaphele amaphuzu amathathu, okuyinto ekuboneni kwabo, okwakusetshenziselwa ukwandisa kakhulu ukusebenza komkhiqizo nokukhiqiza. Isigaba sokuqala esinjalo sasinganisa, okuyinto phakathi kwezinye izinto, okubheka ukucinga komhlanganyeli ngamunye ekusebenzeni indawo enhle kakhulu yokuqeqeshwa kanye nokuqeqeshwa ngesikhathi esifanayo nezindlela ezintsha zokusebenza zomsebenzi.

Isixhumanisi sesibili kwakuyisakhiwo esisemthethweni esisekelwe esayimeni sebhizinisi. Isikole Sokuphathwa Kwezesayensi sabeka isisekelo salokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuphathwa kwabasebenzi" namuhla. Lona umsebenzi ohlanganisa indlela efanele yokuqashwa, kanye nokusebenzisa kahle izimfanelo ezinhle namakhono abasebenzi ukuze bafeze umgomo.

Ekugcineni, itshe lesithathu eliyinhloko lapho isikole sokuphathwa kwesayensi sisekelwe ukuphika okuphelele ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yokuphatha nokuphatha. Ngombono kaTaylor, kunoma yiliphi ibhizinisi, isakhiwo esicacile kufanele sibukwe, esivela kuso ukuthi yikuphi uhlobo lwemenenja noma isisebenzi esilula. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uma kukhona inyunyana yemisebenzi ezandleni ezifanayo, cishe cishe njalo kuphela ngokunciphisa izinkomba ezinkulu zebhizinisi.

Kanye ne-Taylor School, irekhodi elibalulekile lokuphatha emlandweni wokuphatha lishiywe yisikole sokuphatha, lapho kungenzeka khona ukukhuluma ngemisebenzi yaleyo coryphaeus njengoG. Emerson, uL. Urvik, A. Fayol, uMe. Weber. Laba ososayensi bafuna ukuthuthukisa izimiso zomhlaba wonke ezingasetshenziswa kunoma iyiphi inhlangano, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isilinganiso nesilinganiso somsebenzi. Phakathi kwalezi zimiso eziyinhloko kubalulekile ukuqaphela imfuneko yokwenza ngokucacile umgomo oyinhloko, ukubhekana nokukhiqizwa ngokuyinhloko embonweni wokuqonda, isidingo sokwazi nokunamathela ngokuqinile kuyo yonke imithetho yemithetho yangaphakathi yomsebenzi.

Phakathi kwezimo zanamuhla, umuntu angakwazi ukuhlukanisa isiqondiso ekuphathweni, okwakuthiwa iSikole Sokuphathwa Kwezesayensi. I-theorists yayo eyinhloko ngu R. Ackoff, S. Bier, uL. Klein. Laba ososayensi baba nodumo lokuthi i-so-called "isici sezenhlalakahle" yilabo abaqala ukukhethwa ekuphathweni, nokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezobuchwepheshe ngokubanzi.