Frederick Taylor. Umuntu owasungula le Inhlangano ezesayensi zomsebenzi nokuphathwa

Injongo eyinhloko yawo yiliphi ibhizinisi - ekuthuthukiseni yabo nemingcele ukusebenza. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka ukwandisa umkhiqizo kwabasebenzi kanye ukunciphisa izindleko ezingenasidingo. Frederick Winslow Taylor bahlonze lezi zici ezithinta umkhiqizo, kodwa futhi wenza uMdali yesayensi nohlelo lokuphatha. Ngochunge ucwaningo, wanquma isikhathi isilinganiso kwaqedwa yinto evamile imisebenzi ethile kanye yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu kokugcwalisa kubo.

Frederick Taylor: A Biography

Umsunguli ikusasa ukuphathwa yesayensi, wazalwa ngo-1856 e ummeli umndeni ePennsylvania. Watadisha eFrance naseJalimane, futhi kamuva e New Hampshire, e Exeter Academy. Frederick Winslow Taylor wayeqondeni abe ummeli njengoyise. Yena ngempumelelo lathweswa iziqu ngo-1847 esuka waseHarvard College kule okukhethekile, kodwa wabonisa izinkinga umbono, okuyinto akamvumelanga waqhubeka nemfundo yakhe.

Umsebenzi wakhe Frederick Taylor okwaqala njengokuhlaselwa modeler osafunda, isikhathi esithile ngemishini, kodwa lapho ngineminyaka engu-iminyaka engu-35, ukhushuliwe uchwepheshe kwezokuphathwa ngemva ngempumelelo kwenziwa uchungechunge ucwaningo e isigayo ensimbi Midvele, futhi esekelwe imiphumela yabo wenza iziphakamiso eziwusizo ukuphathwa. Bheka iminyaka eyisithupha imukile elula amaholo-isisebenzi ukuba unjiniyela omkhulu, e ukuxhumana parallel wathola imfundo lobuchwepheshe, futhi ngokokuqala amaholo umahluko abasebenzi lwabo ngokwemindeni umkhiqizo wabo.

impumelelo professional

Ngo-1890, umsunguli ikusasa Taylorism uphela ubunjiniyela umsebenzi wakhe futhi waba umphathi-jikelele we yokukhiqiza in the Philadelphia utshalomali ngokuqinile. Kodwana ngemva kweminyaka emithathu, wanquma ukuba aqalise ibhizinisi lakhe siqu futhi waba ngowokuqala e umlando ukuphathwa by ngumxhumanisi yangasese. Ngo parallel, uFrederick Taylor bekwi-popularization of izindlela zesayensi of lokuphatha ukukhiqiza ngokusebenzisa samalungu alo-American Society of Mechanical Engineers, akakalenzi wasungula inhlangano abekelwe kuphela kule ndaba.

imiqondo theory lokho kwamlethela udumo emhlabeni wonke, usosayensi wachaza emisebenzini ezintathu ezinkulu:

• "Factory kwendle";
• "Izimiso Scientific Management";
• "LobuFakazi phambi Congress umsebenzi okhethekile."

nokucwaninga esisebenzayo

Lapho esebenza steel ifektri Taylor uphenyo isikhathi esichithwa kubulawa umuntu imisebenzi yokukhiqiza. Ukuhlolwa kuqala kwakungumprofethi ukukala izikhathi ayisihluthulelo ukusika ingulube yensimbi. Frederick Taylor wakwazi ngokuthini umkhiqizo isilinganiso zomsebenzi izinkambiso, okuyinto kusukela ngaleso sikhathi zaqala ukuba esidluliselwa kubo bonke abasebenzi. Ngenxa yalokho, iholo ibhizinisi kukhuphuke ngo izikhathi 1.6 ngenxa ukwandisa umkhiqizo cishe 4 emhlambini futhi basafuna senqubo yokukhiqiza of ingots.

Ingqikithi ukuhlola kwesibili, olwenziwa Taylor, kwaba ukunquma yezindlela ezingcono kakhulu ukuze ajabulise workpieces emishinini ubuso bombusi, okuyinto ngokukhethekile kusungulwe kuye, futhi ijubane kwesokudla ahlabayo. I ibhizinisi has amashumi ezinkulungwane ucwaningo laveta izici 12 nomthelela ngempumelelo yokugcina yayiqhutshelwa.

ucwaningo theory

ukuphathwa Scientific - eliyisambulela ngoba imibono ukubeka phambili maqondana Taylor ukuphathwa theory kanye umkhuba. indlela yakhe kuhilela imijikelezo ngokuphindaphindiwe short, ukulandelana eningiliziwe imisebenzi ilungu labasebenzi ngamunye, Ukuqapha ukuqaliswa kokusebenza imigomo kanye nokugqugquzela abasebenzi usebenzisa eziphathekayo imivuzo uhlelo. Isetshenziswa namuhla izinhlangano kakhulu umahluko uhlelo lomholo futhi amabhonasi ngokusebenza lusekelwe yokusebenza ngesikhathi sako. Ngokwe-main ukuphathwa yenhlangano abacwaningi Andrzej Huchinski noDavide Buchanan, ukusebenza kahle, nokubikezela, nokulawula inqubo ukukhiqizwa - ke kuwumgomo oyinhloko, okuyinto kuthiwa wenziwa Frederick Taylor ukuphathwa kwalo ngokwesayensi.

Ukuxhumana zokuphila yemisindvo

Ngenxa yalokho we kokucubungula langempela yokusebenza isikhathi kunciphisa ukufunwa zabasebenzi, abasebenzi athukuthele saze sazama ngisho nokubulala usosayensi. Ekuqaleni, ngisho nabaholi bamabhizinisi kuqhathaniswa, futhi e-US Congress, umsebenzi okhethekile ukufunda ayekutholile yasungulwa.

Kusukela 1895, Taylor wazinikela ekutadisheni Inhlangano ezesayensi khona. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, wafika esiphethweni sokuthi inhlalakahle ibhizinisi kungenzeka kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo ezikahle ze umsebenzi ngamunye. Usosayensi ushone eneminyaka engu-59 yizifo ezinjenge-pneumonia, kokushiya iziphetho kugcugcutela abacwaningi kanye osomabhizinisi namuhla.

Frederick Taylor: Izimiso Management

Scientific ukuphathwa uhlelo kusekelwe 'wezinsika' ezintathu: kwenziwe izilinganiso umsebenzi izinqubo, ukukhethwa ehlelekile futhi abaqeqeshwayo, ugqozi yemali njengoba kokhelo ukusebenza okuhle. Isizathu esiyinhloko ukwehluleka Taylor - kuyinto kokuvusayo engakufanelekele ukhuthaze abasebenzi, ngakho bavele nje kufanele sinake usomabhizinisi yesimanje.

At inhliziyo ohlelweni akhiwa ososayensi Labour Organization kukhona 4 izimiso:

• qikelela ukuthi yezingxenye ngazinye inqubo ukukhiqizwa ukusungulwa imithetho kanye namafomula ukuba abantu babulawelwe kuzo zabo ngempumelelo.
• Ukukhetha ngokucophelela abasebenzi, ukuqeqeshwa kwalab 'nokuthuthukiswa professional, kanye ukuxoshwa labo abakwazi ukuqonda ukuphathwa ngokwesayensi.
• Impendulo ukuphathwa nabasebenzi kanye convergence umkhakha nesayensi.
• Ukusatshalaliswa imisebenzi phakathi abasebenzi nabaphathi: owokuqala unesibopho izinga umkhiqizo wokugcina kanye nobungako, kuyilapho abanye - sokuthuthukiswa izincomo ekuthuthukiseni inhlangano zomsebenzi.

Taylor Izimiso ezingenhla zikufakazela ilungile, ngoba ngemva kweminyaka eyikhulu, zingabantu ngesisekelo ukusebenza kwanoma iyiphi ibhizinisi, futhi ukutadisha uhlelo lokulawula - ingenye izinkomba eyinhloko ucwaningo.