Indlela ifotho izingane (izici lobuchwepheshe)

Abazali abaningi, ilindele ingane, ukugijimela esitolo futhi uthenge ezibizayo professional SLR amakhamera ukuthi ungaphuthelwa iminithi elilodwa empilweni yengane yakhe ayithandayo awuthumbe yonke impumelelo yakhe kanye nezenzo.

Ngaphandle kokuya imininingwane yalolu art sokudubula izindlela, ngaphandle kokwazi izimiso nemithetho umsebenzi imishini enezithombe, sajabula nje ukubeka "okuzenzekelayo" Imodi futhi uqale ukudubula, enethemba lokuthi ekhanyayo, izithombe namanzi, "njengoba kulowo magazini othi ... ', ngokungazi bekholelwa ukuthi imishini kwezinto ngokuhlakanipha kuyo yonke zona.

Nokho, ngemva lokuqala Isivivinyo photo shoot we umama okhulelwe ekhaya, ungatholi elamukelekile (imibala zomile, isithombe ukufiphala, flash ngeke umlilo wokhela ubuso babo siqu futhi mnyama ngemuva), nayizimfundamakhwela udumazeke. Futhi ekugcineni, baphanga kwemizwelo, izimpahla ezibizayo enezithombe kubutsela uthuli eshalofini njengoba ezingadingekile, futhi endaweni yawo kwafika ubudala shabby "mylnitsa", okulula kakhulu ukususa. Futhi izithombe zezingane isimo kancane more xaka.

Kodwa ayikho into engenakwenzeka kungenzeki, angithi? Ake ukubhekana izigaba.

Esihlokweni lanamuhla mina ngizokukhulumela ohlangothini lwezobuchwepheshe izithombe.

Noma yimuphi umthwebuli ekuqaleni, okokuqala kunakho konke, kufanele bayazi kahle imiqondo ezine eziyisisekelo: beso, isivinini yokushutha, ukuchayeka / ekspopara futhi ISO (nozwela isici ukurekhoda, kulesi simo, inzwa isithombe) kanye nobudlelwano bakho nezindawo nomunye ngesikhathi sokudubula.

Lokhu kakade utlole eningi izihloko kanye amaphepha yazo zonke izinhlobo, ukuze uthole imininingwane eyengeziwe zingatholakala kuwebhu emhlabeni wonke ngaphandle kobunzima. Ngizozama ngangokunokwenzeka elula, sifushane, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, atholakale ukhulume imiqondo le.

Umqondo beso libhekisela kuphela lens ikhamera. Imbobo - imbobo lens ikhamera, lapho ukukhanya engena matrix ukurekhoda. Imbobo ukubaluleka luchazwa ngegama «f» ikhamera yakho esibukweni, futhi ingase ithathe amagugu 1,2 2 2,8 4 5,6 8 11 16 22 32, kuye ngokuthi ezibekiweko ilensi yakho. . Ngamanye amazwi - ukubaluleka emigodini lens. I umncane beso, wazala emikhudlwana e-lens, ukukhanya okwengeziwe ongena matrix.

Ngcaphuno. On indlela kusishiya ukukhanya ngokusebenzisa lens matrix, kukhona okuthiwa "abayizimpumputhe", okuyinto efana diaphragm, kuyinto lemali alinganisiwe yokukhanya, kodwa hhayi imbobo ubukhulu kanye ukuchayeka isikhathi timphawu photosensitive. Amafasitela zihlukile - mechanical electronic. Ngemva kokucindezela inkinobho yokucina ku umthwebuli ikhamera, shutter kuvula futhi sihamba ekukhanyeni ku svetochustvitelnuyu-matrix. Kodwa kwenzeka ngokushesha kakhulu. Exposure ulinganiswa amafraktjhini imizuzwana (1/250, 1/500 - yesivalo ngesivinini futhi 1, 2 noma ngaphezulu -. Ukuz, njll).

Exposure - uma sithatha elula kakhulu futhi, ngokuvamile, kuba inani ukukhanya adingekayo ukuqopha izithombe isici svetochustvitelnom nge ukuzwela unikezwa, ukukhiqizwa kabusha ezilinganiselwe esasisikhulu, into efanayo mayelana nale ndaba. Ukuze lemali edingekayo ukukhanya sifana okuthiwa ekspopara - beso / ijubane yokucina. (Uma ukuchayeka iDemo - ukubaluleka beso luyanda, futhi okuphambene nalokho, uma ukudalulwa okude - ukubaluleka beso incipha)

Ngo amakhamera yesimanje ukubala ekspopary ezenzakalelayo. Ngo professional kungaba inhlukano ngokuphelele noma ingxenye ngokuzenzakalela.

ISO

ISO - ngezinga elithile lemali edingekayo ukukhanya ukuze adalule kahle isithombe. Ngokuvamile, isibonisi kuboniswa kanje: ISO 50, ISO 100, ISO 200.

Ngezinye sensitivity high (ezinkulu amagugu ISO) zokukhanya kumelwe ngezinye izikhathi okuncane kunakwezinye ongaphakeme (ngaphansi ISO ukukhanya kancane izikhathi 200 isidingo 2 kuka-ISO 100, futhi izikhathi 4 ngaphansana ne ISO 50) Nokho, kukhona sinazo uhlamvu lwemali, ayanda ISO, le esikufezile isithombe livela okubizwa ngokuthi Khanyisa Noise: kusakazeka elincane amaphuzu vydnaya ukuhlehlisa isithombe futhi uwela ngokuningiliziwe. Ngakho-ke kungcono ukukhetha ISO ephansi, hhayi ukwandisa ke ngokungadingekile.

Awu, manje ubudlelwane ebaluleke kakhulu lezi nemingcele ezintathu. Ukuze wendlala izincazelo uchaze izibonelo elula, ngaphandle kokuya imininingwane yezobuchwepheshe.

Ake sithi ufuna ukuthatha isithombe play kwengane, ohlezi egumbini kanye emini. Yini lomshado nomkhaya photographer professional.

Ukuthatha isithombe wengane njalo vdigayuschegosya makskimalno ngokucacile kudinga ngcaphuno iDemo. Kuze kube yimanje, umthwebuli ngabe Preveli ikhamera imodi yesivalo igunya (ngokuvamile yi- TV uphawu). Kule modi, isivinini yesivalo ulungisa ngokuzenzakalela ukubaluleka beso osikhethile.

uyobeka viderzhku esifushane, okungenani 1/125 noma 1/250. Kulokhu, kufanele kuqashelwe ushintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ukubaluleka beso, kuncike ukuchayeka ekhethiwe (bheka ngenhla -. Ekspopara). Uma ukubaluleka beso siphezulu kakhulu, isithombe siba mnyama. Ukuze ugweme lokhu, ungakwazi ukwandisa ukubaluleka ISO kuya edingekayo. Kodwa lokhu kudingeka aqikelele ukumosha umsindo isithombe ukukhanya.

Kodwa ake sithi, uma ukubaluleka ijubane yesivalo ka 1/250 beso Inani liphezulu kakhulu, ukuthi isithombe amnyama, futhi ISO ukubaluleka ophakamayo ngangokunokwenzeka, kodwa udinga ukwenza isithombe licace. Khona-ke, ukwandisa isivinini yesivalo ukuze 1/125 - ngaleyo ndlela ukunciphisa ukubaluleka beso futhi inenani kunikezwa ISO isithombe siba licace. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola isithombe esicacile play kwengane, ngempela elikhanyayo futhi sezingeni elamukelekile umsindo.

Awu, manje nokwenziwa kolwazi Prakthiza on ingane yakho. Isihloko esilandelayo kuzoxoxwa imodi igunya beso kanye lens photosensitive.

Ungakhohlwa ukuzijayeza, umkhuba futhi umkhuba xaxa, kuzokuvumela ukuba ufunde futhi asebenze ngempumelelo ngekhamera kwimodi yesivalo kuqala.